Lompat ke isi

Henry H. Arnold: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
688.879 suntingan
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20220509)) #IABot (v2.0.8.7) (GreenC bot
Magioladitis (bicara | kontrib)
8.399 suntingan
k →Pranala luar: Persondata now moved to wikidata, removed: {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata. --> |NAME = Arnold, Henry H. |ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |SHORT DESCRIPTION = Jenderal Angkatan Darat |DATE OF BIRTH = 2
 
(3 revisi perantara oleh 2 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 23: Baris 23:
}}
}}


'''Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold''' (25 Juni 1886&nbsp;– 15 Januari 1950) adalah seorang [[perwira jenderal]] Amerika yang meraih pangkat [[Jenderal Besar Angkatan Darat (AS)|Jenderal Besar Angkatan Darat]] dan [[Marsekal Besar (AS)|Marsekal Besar]]. Arnold adalah seorang pelopor penerbangan, Ketua [[Korps Udara Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat|Korps Udara]] (1938–1941), Komando Jenderal [[Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat AS]] pada [[Perang Dunia II]], satu-satunya jenderal Angkatan Udara AS yang meraih pangkat bintang lima, dan satu-satunya perwira berpangkat bintang lima dalam dua pelayanan militer AS yang berbeda.<ref name="ans">{{cite web | year =2011 | url= http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/hharnold.htm|title = Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold| publisher = Arlington National Cemetery| access-date= January 13, 2011}}</ref> Arnold juga merupakan pendiri Proyek RAND, [[RAND Corporation]], dan salah satu pendiri [[Pan American World Airways]].
'''Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold''' (25 Juni 1886&nbsp;– 15 Januari 1950) adalah seorang [[perwira jenderal]] Amerika yang meraih pangkat [[Jenderal Besar Angkatan Darat (AS)|Jenderal Besar Angkatan Darat]] dan [[Marsekal Besar (AS)|Marsekal Besar]]. Arnold adalah seorang pelopor penerbangan, Ketua [[Korps Udara Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat|Korps Udara]] (1938–1941), Komando Jenderal [[Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat AS]] pada [[Perang Dunia II]], satu-satunya jenderal Angkatan Udara AS yang meraih [[pangkat bintang lima]], dan satu-satunya perwira berpangkat bintang lima dalam dua pelayanan militer AS yang berbeda.<ref name="ans">{{cite web | year =2011 | url= http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/hharnold.htm|title = Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold| publisher = Arlington National Cemetery| access-date= January 13, 2011}}</ref> Arnold juga merupakan pendiri Proyek RAND, [[RAND Corporation]], dan salah satu pendiri [[Pan American World Airways]].


Diajari menerbang oleh [[Wright bersaudara]], Arnold adalah salah satu pilot militer pertama di dunia, dan salah satu dari tiga pilot berpangkat dalam sejarah [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]].<ref group=nb>Arnold, Capt. Charles DeF. Chandler, and Lt. Thomas Milling all qualified for the rating on July 5, 1912. Milling received the first certificate while Arnold was listed first on War Department General Order No. 39, which was the first list of rated Military Aviators. ({{harvnb|Hennessy|1958|pp=59, 229}})</ref>
Diajari menerbang oleh [[Wright bersaudara]], Arnold adalah salah satu pilot militer pertama di dunia, dan salah satu dari tiga pilot berpangkat dalam sejarah [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]].<ref group=nb>Arnold, Capt. Charles DeF. Chandler, and Lt. Thomas Milling all qualified for the rating on July 5, 1912. Milling received the first certificate while Arnold was listed first on War Department General Order No. 39, which was the first list of rated Military Aviators. ({{harvnb|Hennessy|1958|pp=59, 229}})</ref>
Baris 40: Baris 40:
* {{cite book|first = Rebecca Hancock|last = Cameron|chapter =|title =Training to Fly: Military Flight Training 1907–1945|editor =|year = 1999|publisher = Air Force History and Museums Program|location = Washington, D.C.|isbn =|oclc =606500804|url =https://archive.org/details/AFD-101202-020|pages =}}
* {{cite book|first = Rebecca Hancock|last = Cameron|chapter =|title =Training to Fly: Military Flight Training 1907–1945|editor =|year = 1999|publisher = Air Force History and Museums Program|location = Washington, D.C.|isbn =|oclc =606500804|url =https://archive.org/details/AFD-101202-020|pages =}}
* {{cite web |last =Cate |first =James L|authorlink = |year =1954|url= http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-012.pdf|title =Vol. 5 The Pacific: MATTERHORN to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945|work =The Army Air Forces in World War II|publisher = Air Force Historical Studies Office|accessdate= 2012-08-11}}
* {{cite web |last =Cate |first =James L|authorlink = |year =1954|url= http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-012.pdf|title =Vol. 5 The Pacific: MATTERHORN to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945|work =The Army Air Forces in World War II|publisher = Air Force Historical Studies Office|accessdate= 2012-08-11}}
* {{cite web|last =Craven|first =Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea|authorlink = |year =1948 |url= http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-005.pdf |title = Vol. 1: Plans and Early Operations January 1939 to August 1942|work =The Army Air Forces in World War II|publisher = Air Force Historical Studies Office|accessdate= 2012-08-11}}
* {{cite web|last =Craven|first =Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea|authorlink =|year =1948|url =http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-005.pdf|title =Vol. 1: Plans and Early Operations January 1939 to August 1942|work =The Army Air Forces in World War II|publisher =Air Force Historical Studies Office|accessdate =2012-08-11|archive-date =2016-10-18|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20161018133446/http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-005.pdf|dead-url =yes}}
* {{cite book|first = Lt.Col. Steven E.|last = Clay|title = US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941 Vol. 3: The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops Organizations|year = 2010|location = [[Command and General Staff College]], Kansas|publisher = Combat Studies Institute Press|url = http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/Clay/Ord_Battle_Vol3.pdf|isbn = 978-0-9841901-4-0|accessdate = 2011-09-20|archive-date = 2011-08-13|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110813095953/http://cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/Clay/Ord_Battle_Vol3.pdf|dead-url = yes}}
* {{cite book|first = Lt.Col. Steven E.|last = Clay|title = US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941 Vol. 3: The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops Organizations|year = 2010|location = [[Command and General Staff College]], Kansas|publisher = Combat Studies Institute Press|url = http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/Clay/Ord_Battle_Vol3.pdf|isbn = 978-0-9841901-4-0|accessdate = 2011-09-20|archive-date = 2011-08-13|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110813095953/http://cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/Clay/Ord_Battle_Vol3.pdf|dead-url = yes}}
* {{cite book|author= Coffey, Thomas M.|chapter=|title= Hap: The Story of the U.S. Air Force and the Man Who Built It General Henry H. 'Hap' Arnold|url= https://archive.org/details/hapstoryofusairf0000coff|editor=|publisher= Viking Press|isbn= 0-670-36069-4|year=1982|pages=}}
* {{cite book|author= Coffey, Thomas M.|chapter=|title= Hap: The Story of the U.S. Air Force and the Man Who Built It General Henry H. 'Hap' Arnold|url= https://archive.org/details/hapstoryofusairf0000coff|editor=|publisher= Viking Press|isbn= 0-670-36069-4|year=1982|pages=}}
Baris 48: Baris 48:
* {{cite book|first = Stephen A.|last = Haller|title = The Last Word in Airfields: A Special History Study of Crissy Field, Presidio of San Francisco, California|publisher = National Park Service|place = San Francisco, California|isbn =|url = http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/goga/airfields_shs.pdf|accessdate = January 1, 2013}}
* {{cite book|first = Stephen A.|last = Haller|title = The Last Word in Airfields: A Special History Study of Crissy Field, Presidio of San Francisco, California|publisher = National Park Service|place = San Francisco, California|isbn =|url = http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/goga/airfields_shs.pdf|accessdate = January 1, 2013}}
* Heimdahl, William C., and Hurley, Alfred F., "The Roots of U.S. Military Aviation," ''Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force'' Vol. I (1997), ISBN 0-16-049009-X
* Heimdahl, William C., and Hurley, Alfred F., "The Roots of U.S. Military Aviation," ''Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force'' Vol. I (1997), ISBN 0-16-049009-X
* Herman, Arthur (2012). ''Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II''. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4
* Herman, Arthur (2012). ''Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II''. New York: [[Random House]]. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4
* {{cite book|first = George F.|last = Hofmann|chapter =|title = Through Mobility We Conquer: The Mechanization of the U.S. Cavalry|editor =|year = 2006|publisher = The University Press of Kentucky|place = Lexington, Kentucky|isbn = 0-8131-2403-4|oclc =|url =|pages =}}
* {{cite book|first = George F.|last = Hofmann|chapter =|title = Through Mobility We Conquer: The Mechanization of the U.S. Cavalry|editor =|year = 2006|publisher = The University Press of Kentucky|place = Lexington, Kentucky|isbn = 0-8131-2403-4|oclc =|url =|pages =}}
* {{cite book|author=Huston, John W.|chapter=Biography|title=American Airpower Comes of Age: General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold's World War II Diaries|url=http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/AU_Press_Collection/Books/Huston/HustonI.pdf|editor=Maj. Gen. John W. Huston, USAF|publisher=Air University Press|isbn=1-58566-093-0|year=2002|page=|access-date=2015-12-06|archive-date=2015-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503115110/http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/AU_Press_Collection/Books/Huston/HustonI.pdf|dead-url=yes}} Huston's introductory "Biography" is 108 pages in length and a detailed account of Arnold's life, both professional and personal, to 1941.
* {{cite book|author=Huston, John W.|chapter=Biography|title=American Airpower Comes of Age: General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold's World War II Diaries|url=http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/AU_Press_Collection/Books/Huston/HustonI.pdf|editor=Maj. Gen. John W. Huston, USAF|publisher=Air University Press|isbn=1-58566-093-0|year=2002|page=|access-date=2015-12-06|archive-date=2015-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503115110/http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/AU_Press_Collection/Books/Huston/HustonI.pdf|dead-url=yes}} Huston's introductory "Biography" is 108 pages in length and a detailed account of Arnold's life, both professional and personal, to 1941.
: --- "The Wartime Leadership of 'Hap' Arnold." In Alfred F. Hurley and Robert C. Erhart, eds. ''Air Power and Air Warfare'' (1979) 168-85.
: --- "The Wartime Leadership of 'Hap' Arnold." In Alfred F. Hurley and Robert C. Erhart, eds. ''Air Power and Air Warfare'' (1979) 168-85.
* Jordan, Jonathan W. (2015), ''American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II'' (NAL/Caliber 2015).
* Jordan, Jonathan W. (2015), ''American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II'' (NAL/Caliber 2015).
* {{cite book|author= Nalty, Bernard C., editor|chapter=|title= Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force|editor=|publisher= Air Force History and Museums Program|isbn= 0-16-049009-X|year=1997|pages=}}
* {{cite book|author= Nalty, Bernard C., editor|chapter=|title= Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force|url= https://archive.org/details/WingedShieldWingedSword|editor=|publisher= Air Force History and Museums Program|isbn= 0-16-049009-X|year=1997|pages=}}
* Perret, Geoffrey (1997). ''Winged Victory: The U.S. Army Air Corps During World War II'', Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-75047-2
* Perret, Geoffrey (1997). ''Winged Victory: The U.S. Army Air Corps During World War II'', Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-75047-2
* Rice, Rondall Ravor (2004). ''The Politics of Air Power: From Confrontation to Cooperation in Army Aviation Civil-Military Relations'', University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3960-2
* Rice, Rondall Ravor (2004). ''The Politics of Air Power: From Confrontation to Cooperation in Army Aviation Civil-Military Relations'', University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3960-2
Baris 79: Baris 79:
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.2569701|name=Big Picture: The Hap Arnold Story}}
* {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.2569701|name=Big Picture: The Hap Arnold Story}}
* [http://arnold-air.org/aas/namesake/ Arnold Air Society biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202105427/http://arnold-air.org/aas/namesake/ |date=2010-12-02 }}
* [http://arnold-air.org/aas/namesake/ Arnold Air Society biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202105427/http://arnold-air.org/aas/namesake/ |date=2010-12-02 }}
* [http://www.nationalaviation.org/arnold-henry/ National Aviation Hall of Fame enshrinement page]
* [http://www.nationalaviation.org/arnold-henry/ National Aviation Hall of Fame enshrinement page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805131803/http://www.nationalaviation.org/arnold-henry/ |date=2011-08-05 }}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
|NAME = Arnold, Henry H.
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Jenderal Angkatan Darat
|DATE OF BIRTH = 25 Juni 1886
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Gladwyne, Pennsylvania]]
|DATE OF DEATH = 15 Januari 1950
|PLACE OF DEATH = [[Sonoma, California]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arnold, Henry H.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arnold, Henry H.}}
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1886]]
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1886]]

Revisi terkini sejak 27 Juni 2024 07.07

Marsekal Besar
Henry H. Arnold
Jenderal Henry H. Arnold
Nama lahirHenry Harley Arnold
Julukan"Hap"
Lahir(1886-06-25)25 Juni 1886
Gladwyne, Pennsylvania
Meninggal15 Januari 1950(1950-01-15) (umur 63)
Sonoma, California
Tempat pemakamanPemakaman Nasional Arlington
Pengabdian Amerika Serikat
Dinas/cabang Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat
 Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat
Lama dinas1907-1947 (Angkatan Darat)
1947-1950 (Angkatan Udara)
Pangkat Jenderal Besar
Marsekal Besar
NRPO-2255
Komandan Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat AS
Angkatan Udara Kedua Puluh
Sayap ke-1, Pasukan Udara GHQ
Perang/pertempuranPerang Dunia I
Perang Dunia II
PenghargaanDistinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross
Air Medal

Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold (25 Juni 1886 – 15 Januari 1950) adalah seorang perwira jenderal Amerika yang meraih pangkat Jenderal Besar Angkatan Darat dan Marsekal Besar. Arnold adalah seorang pelopor penerbangan, Ketua Korps Udara (1938–1941), Komando Jenderal Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat AS pada Perang Dunia II, satu-satunya jenderal Angkatan Udara AS yang meraih pangkat bintang lima, dan satu-satunya perwira berpangkat bintang lima dalam dua pelayanan militer AS yang berbeda.[1] Arnold juga merupakan pendiri Proyek RAND, RAND Corporation, dan salah satu pendiri Pan American World Airways.

Diajari menerbang oleh Wright bersaudara, Arnold adalah salah satu pilot militer pertama di dunia, dan salah satu dari tiga pilot berpangkat dalam sejarah Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat.[nb 1]

Catatan

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Catatan kaki
  1. ^ Arnold, Capt. Charles DeF. Chandler, and Lt. Thomas Milling all qualified for the rating on July 5, 1912. Milling received the first certificate while Arnold was listed first on War Department General Order No. 39, which was the first list of rated Military Aviators. (Hennessy 1958, hlm. 59, 229)
Kutipan
  1. ^ "Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold". Arlington National Cemetery. 2011. Diakses tanggal January 13, 2011. 

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
--- "The Wartime Leadership of 'Hap' Arnold." In Alfred F. Hurley and Robert C. Erhart, eds. Air Power and Air Warfare (1979) 168-85.
  • Jordan, Jonathan W. (2015), American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II (NAL/Caliber 2015).
  • Nalty, Bernard C., editor (1997). Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force. Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16-049009-X. 
  • Perret, Geoffrey (1997). Winged Victory: The U.S. Army Air Corps During World War II, Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-75047-2
  • Rice, Rondall Ravor (2004). The Politics of Air Power: From Confrontation to Cooperation in Army Aviation Civil-Military Relations, University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3960-2
  • Tate, Dr. James P. (1998). The Army and its Air Corps: Army Policy Toward Aviation 1919-1941. Air University Press. ISBN 0-16-061379-5. 
  • Walker, Lois F. and Wickam, Shelby Z. (1986). "Part I: Huffman Prairie 1904-1916". From Huffman Prairie to the Moon: A History of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Office of History, 2750th Air Base Wing, WPAFB. ISBN 0-16-002204-5. 
  • Watson, George M. Jr. (2002). "Arnold, Henry H. "Hap" (1886-1950)". Dalam Walter J. Boyne. Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Vol. I, Entries A-l. ABC-CLIO, Inc. hlm. 45. ISBN 1-57607-345-9. 
Pembelajaran Sejarah USAF
Jurnal
--- (1997). "Origins of Airpower: Hap Arnold's Command Years and Aviation Technology, 1936-1945" (PDF). Airpower Journal. XI (Fall). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-12.  (Part II)
--- (2013). "Arnold's Evolution". AIR FORCE Magazine. 96 (9). Diakses tanggal 11 September 2013. 

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Henry H. Arnold.
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Henry_H._Arnold&oldid=25957147"