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Free State of Jones (film): Perbedaan antara revisi

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| image = Free State of Jones poster.png
| image = Free State of Jones poster.png
| alt = A bearded man holding a rifle across his shoulders
| alt = A bearded man holding a rifle across his shoulders
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| caption = Poster rilis teatrikal
| director = [[Gary Ross]]
| director = [[Gary Ross]]
| producers = {{Plainlist|
| producers = {{Plainlist|
Baris 35: Baris 35:
| distributor = [[STX Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[STX Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|06|16|[[Atlanta]]|2016|06|24|United States}}
| released = {{Film date|2016|06|16|[[Atlanta]]|2016|06|24|United States}}
| runtime = 140 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 139:49--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/free-state-jones-film | title=''Free State of Jones'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=August 30, 2016 | accessdate=August 30, 2016}}</ref>
| runtime = 140 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 139:49--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/free-state-jones-film | title=''Free State of Jones'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=August 30, 2016 | accessdate=August 30, 2016 | archive-date=2019-09-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928094457/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/free-state-jones-film | dead-url=no }}</ref>
| country = United States
| country = United States
| language = English
| language = English
| budget = $50 million<ref name="budget">{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/film/news/independence-day-resurgence-box-office-finding-dory-1201801124/|title=Box Office: ‘Independence Day: Resurgence’ No Match for ‘Finding Dory’|author=Brent Lang|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 22, 2016|accessdate=June 22, 2016}}</ref>
| budget = $50 million<ref name="budget">{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/film/news/independence-day-resurgence-box-office-finding-dory-1201801124/|title=Box Office: ‘Independence Day: Resurgence’ No Match for ‘Finding Dory’|author=Brent Lang|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 22, 2016|accessdate=June 22, 2016|archive-date=2020-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129173614/https://variety.com/2016/film/news/independence-day-resurgence-box-office-finding-dory-1201801124/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| gross = $85 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Free State of Jones (2016) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=freestateofjones.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
| gross = $85 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Free State of Jones (2016) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=freestateofjones.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=December 10, 2016 |archive-date=2016-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921225743/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=freestateofjones.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Free State of Jones''''' adalah film Amerika Serikat produksi tahun 2016 bergenre drama sejarah perang yang terinspirasi oleh kisah kehidupan [[Newton Knight]].Film ini ditulis dan disutradarai oleh [[Gary Ross]]. Beberapa bintang yang bermaind alam film ini antara lain [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]], [[Mahershala Ali]], dan [[Keri Russell]]. ''Free State of Jones'' dirilis secara serentak di Amerika Serikat oleh [[STX Entertainment]] pada tanggal 24 Juni 2016. Dengan menuai ulasan beragam dari penonton dan kritikus, film ini berhasil mengumpulkan pendapatan hanya sebesar $25 juta, sementara biaya yang dikeluarkan mencapai $50 juta.<ref name=BOM/><!-- Per WP:LEAD, the lead must summarize all parts of the article. The reception and box office info are part of this article. Do not remove .--><ref>Richard Grant, [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-free-state-jones-180958111/?no-ist The True Story of the ‘Free State of Jones’], ''Smithsonian Magazine,'' March 2016</ref><ref name="HVH">[http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/free-state-of-jones/Free State of Jones (2016)], ''History vs Hollywood'' (retrieved 26 August 2016)</ref><ref name="McConaugheyRoss" /><ref>Mick LaSalle, [http://www.sfchronicle.com/movies/article/Movies-to-look-for-maybe-in-2016-6727882.php "Movies to look for (maybe) in 2016"]. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'', December 30, 2015.</ref><ref>Pamela McClintock, [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaugheys-free-state-jones-834112 "Matthew McConaughey's 'Free State of Jones' Gets New Release Date"], ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', October 22, 2015.</ref><ref name="HVH"/>
'''''Free State of Jones''''' adalah film Amerika Serikat produksi tahun 2016 bergenre drama sejarah perang yang terinspirasi oleh kisah kehidupan [[Newton Knight]].Film ini ditulis dan disutradarai oleh [[Gary Ross]]. Beberapa bintang yang bermaind alam film ini antara lain [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]], [[Mahershala Ali]], dan [[Keri Russell]]. ''Free State of Jones'' dirilis secara serentak di Amerika Serikat oleh [[STX Entertainment]] pada tanggal 24 Juni 2016. Dengan menuai ulasan beragam dari penonton dan kritikus, film ini berhasil mengumpulkan pendapatan hanya sebesar $25 juta, sementara biaya yang dikeluarkan mencapai $50 juta.<ref name=BOM/><!-- Per WP:LEAD, the lead must summarize all parts of the article. The reception and box office info are part of this article. Do not remove .--><ref>Richard Grant, [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-free-state-jones-180958111/?no-ist The True Story of the ‘Free State of Jones’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713213347/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-free-state-jones-180958111/?no-ist |date=2023-07-13 }}, ''Smithsonian Magazine,'' March 2016</ref><ref name="HVH">[http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/free-state-of-jones/Free State of Jones (2016)]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''History vs Hollywood'' (retrieved 26 August 2016)</ref><ref name="McConaugheyRoss" /><ref name="HVH"/><ref>Mick LaSalle, [http://www.sfchronicle.com/movies/article/Movies-to-look-for-maybe-in-2016-6727882.php "Movies to look for (maybe) in 2016"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021053240/http://www.sfchronicle.com/movies/article/Movies-to-look-for-maybe-in-2016-6727882.php |date=2020-10-21 }}. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'', December 30, 2015.</ref><ref>Pamela McClintock, [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaugheys-free-state-jones-834112 "Matthew McConaughey's 'Free State of Jones' Gets New Release Date"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126163500/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaugheys-free-state-jones-834112 |date=2020-11-26 }}, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', October 22, 2015.</ref>


== Pemeran ==
== Pemeran ==
Baris 55: Baris 55:
* [[Kirk Bovill]] sebagai Merchant
* [[Kirk Bovill]] sebagai Merchant
* Christopher Berry sebagai Jasper Collins
* Christopher Berry sebagai Jasper Collins
* Donald Watkins<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm5060159/|title=Donald Watkins|website=IMDb|access-date=2016-08-28}}</ref> sebagai Wilson
* Donald Watkins<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm5060159/|title=Donald Watkins|website=IMDb|access-date=2016-08-28|archive-date=2023-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311224344/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5060159/|dead-url=no}}</ref> sebagai Wilson
* Artrial Clark<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm6564483/|title=Artrial Clark|website=IMDb|access-date=2016-08-28}}</ref> sebagai Eli
* Artrial Clark<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm6564483/|title=Artrial Clark|website=IMDb|access-date=2016-08-28|archive-date=2022-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228182722/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6564483/|dead-url=no}}</ref> sebagai Eli
* Manny Penton sebagai Surgeon
* Manny Penton sebagai Surgeon


== Production ==
== Production ==
Pada 5 November 2014, sebuah artikel yang dimuat di [[Deadline.com]] mengumumkan bahwa [[Matthew McConaughey]] akan membintangi film ini, dengan memerankan sebagai [[Newton Knight]] di bawah arahan sutradara [[Gary Ross]].<ref name=McConaugheyRoss>{{cite news|last1=Fleming Jr|first1=Mike|last2=Busch|first2=Anita|title=Matthew McConaughey & Gary Ross Mount Civil War Saga; Bob Simonds’ STX In Talks To Finance|url=http://deadline.com/2014/11/matthew-mcconaughey-gary-ross-free-state-of-jones-stx-entertainment-1201268420/|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=deadline.com|date=November 5, 2014}}</ref><ref name="McConaugheyRoss" /> Jon Kilik, [[Scott Stuber]] dan Ross memproduseri film ini.<ref name="McConaugheyRoss" /> On January 6, 2015, [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] was set to play the role of Rachel, former slave and subsequently Knight's wife.<ref name=RawCast>{{cite news|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Gugu Mbatha-Raw to Star Opposite Matthew McConaughey in Gary Ross’ ‘Free State of Jones’ (Exclusive)|url=http://www.thewrap.com/gugu-mbatha-raw-to-play-matthew-mcconaugheys-wife-in-gary-ross-free-state-of-jones-exclusive/|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=thewrap.com|date=January 6, 2015}}</ref> [[Keri Russell]] dan [[Mahershala Ali]] bergabung dalam film ini pada 12 Februari, di mana Russl memerankan sebagai istri Knight, Serena Knight, sedangkan Ali ditetapkan untuk memerankan sebagai Moses Washington.<ref name=RussellAliCast>{{cite news|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Keri Russell, Mahershala Ali Join Matthew McConaughey in ‘Free State of Jones’ (Exclusive)|url=http://www.thewrap.com/keri-russell-mahershala-ali-join-matthew-mcconaughey-in-free-state-of-jones-exclusive/|accessdate=February 15, 2015|publisher=thewrap.com|date=February 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>http://www.bunkietoday.com/news/local-civil-war-re-enactors-involved-summer-film-projects/</ref>
Pada 5 November 2014, sebuah artikel yang dimuat di [[Deadline.com]] mengumumkan bahwa [[Matthew McConaughey]] akan membintangi film ini, dengan memerankan sebagai [[Newton Knight]] di bawah arahan sutradara [[Gary Ross]].<ref name=McConaugheyRoss>{{cite news|last1=Fleming Jr|first1=Mike|last2=Busch|first2=Anita|title=Matthew McConaughey & Gary Ross Mount Civil War Saga; Bob Simonds’ STX In Talks To Finance|url=http://deadline.com/2014/11/matthew-mcconaughey-gary-ross-free-state-of-jones-stx-entertainment-1201268420/|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=deadline.com|date=November 5, 2014|archive-date=2015-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328083749/http://deadline.com/2014/11/matthew-mcconaughey-gary-ross-free-state-of-jones-stx-entertainment-1201268420/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="McConaugheyRoss" /> Jon Kilik, [[Scott Stuber]] dan Ross memproduseri film ini.<ref name="McConaugheyRoss" /> On January 6, 2015, [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] was set to play the role of Rachel, former slave and subsequently Knight's wife.<ref name=RawCast>{{cite news|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Gugu Mbatha-Raw to Star Opposite Matthew McConaughey in Gary Ross’ ‘Free State of Jones’ (Exclusive)|url=http://www.thewrap.com/gugu-mbatha-raw-to-play-matthew-mcconaugheys-wife-in-gary-ross-free-state-of-jones-exclusive/|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=thewrap.com|date=January 6, 2015|archive-date=2015-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217011637/http://www.thewrap.com/gugu-mbatha-raw-to-play-matthew-mcconaugheys-wife-in-gary-ross-free-state-of-jones-exclusive/|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Keri Russell]] dan [[Mahershala Ali]] bergabung dalam film ini pada 12 Februari, di mana Russl memerankan sebagai istri Knight, Serena Knight, sedangkan Ali ditetapkan untuk memerankan sebagai Moses Washington.<ref name=RussellAliCast>{{cite news|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Keri Russell, Mahershala Ali Join Matthew McConaughey in ‘Free State of Jones’ (Exclusive)|url=http://www.thewrap.com/keri-russell-mahershala-ali-join-matthew-mcconaughey-in-free-state-of-jones-exclusive/|accessdate=February 15, 2015|publisher=thewrap.com|date=February 12, 2015|archive-date=2016-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426001117/http://www.thewrap.com/keri-russell-mahershala-ali-join-matthew-mcconaughey-in-free-state-of-jones-exclusive/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bunkietoday.com/news/local-civil-war-re-enactors-involved-summer-film-projects/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2017-02-05 |archive-date=2016-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122231348/http://www.bunkietoday.com/news/local-civil-war-re-enactors-involved-summer-film-projects/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>


Awal Februari 2015, ''Project Casting'' melaporkan bahwa proses produksi film ini dijadwalkan pada 23 Februari sampai dengan 21 Mei di [[New Orleans]] dan [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette]], [[Louisiana]].<ref>{{cite news|title=‘Free State of Jones’ Starring Matthew McConaughey Open Casting Call|url=http://www.projectcasting.com/casting-calls-acting-auditions/free-state-of-jones/|accessdate=February 15, 2015|publisher=projectcasting.com|date=February 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Scott|first1=Mike|title=Matthew McConaughey's Civil War drama 'The Free State of Jones' to shoot in New Orleans and Lafayette; extras sought|url=http://www.nola.com/movies/index.ssf/2015/01/matthew_mcconaughey_civil_war.html|accessdate=February 15, 2015|publisher=nola.com|date=January 7, 2015}}</ref> Pada tanggal 10 Februari, McConaughey diambil gambarnya di New Orleans dan diulangi pada 21 February 21.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Waugh|first1=Heather|title=Matthew McConaughey sports scruffy beard on stroll in New Orleans as he prepares to film civil war drama|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2949693/Matthew-McConaughey-sports-scruffy-beard-stroll-New-Orleans-prepares-film-civil-war-drama.html|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=dailymail.co.uk|date=February 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Zhao|first1=Helen|title=EXCLUSIVE: First look at a very scruffy Matthew McConaughey on New Orleans set of Civil War drama The Free State Of Jones|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2964233/Matthew-McConaughey-New-Orleans-set-Civil-War-drama-Free-State-Jones.html|accessdate=February 26, 2015|publisher=dailymail.co.uk|date=February 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mathew McConaughey begins filming ‘The Free State of Jones’ in Louisiana|url=http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2015/02/26/mathew-mcconaughey-begins-filming-the-free-state-of-jones-in-louisiana/#more-60640|accessdate=February 26, 2015|publisher=onlocationvacations.com|date=February 26, 2015}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Evry|first1=Max|title=First Look at Matthew McConaughey in The Free State of Jones|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/417601-first-look-at-matthew-mcconaughey-in-the-free-state-of-jones|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=comingsoon.net|date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> Mei 2015, merupakan jadwal pengambilan gambar untuk [[Clinton, Louisiana|Clinton]], bersama [[East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana|East Feliciana Parish]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Warren|first1=Stephanie|title=Major motion picture to be filmed in Clinton|url=http://theadvocate.com/news/weeklies/11377818-123/major-motion-picture-to-be|accessdate=March 7, 2015|publisher=theadvocate.com|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref> 25 Mei 2015, beberapa adegan diambil di Chicot State Park around [[Ville Platte, Louisiana]].
Awal Februari 2015, ''Project Casting'' melaporkan bahwa proses produksi film ini dijadwalkan pada 23 Februari sampai dengan 21 Mei di [[New Orleans]] dan [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette]], [[Louisiana]].<ref>{{cite news|title=‘Free State of Jones’ Starring Matthew McConaughey Open Casting Call|url=http://www.projectcasting.com/casting-calls-acting-auditions/free-state-of-jones/|accessdate=February 15, 2015|publisher=projectcasting.com|date=February 3, 2015|archive-date=2015-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001542/http://www.projectcasting.com/casting-calls-acting-auditions/free-state-of-jones/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Scott|first1=Mike|title=Matthew McConaughey's Civil War drama 'The Free State of Jones' to shoot in New Orleans and Lafayette; extras sought|url=http://www.nola.com/movies/index.ssf/2015/01/matthew_mcconaughey_civil_war.html|accessdate=February 15, 2015|publisher=nola.com|date=January 7, 2015|archive-date=2015-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326014908/http://www.nola.com/movies/index.ssf/2015/01/matthew_mcconaughey_civil_war.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tanggal 10 Februari, McConaughey diambil gambarnya di New Orleans dan diulangi pada 21 February 21.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Waugh|first1=Heather|title=Matthew McConaughey sports scruffy beard on stroll in New Orleans as he prepares to film civil war drama|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2949693/Matthew-McConaughey-sports-scruffy-beard-stroll-New-Orleans-prepares-film-civil-war-drama.html|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=dailymail.co.uk|date=February 11, 2015|archive-date=2015-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211233337/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2949693/Matthew-McConaughey-sports-scruffy-beard-stroll-New-Orleans-prepares-film-civil-war-drama.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Zhao|first1=Helen|title=EXCLUSIVE: First look at a very scruffy Matthew McConaughey on New Orleans set of Civil War drama The Free State Of Jones|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2964233/Matthew-McConaughey-New-Orleans-set-Civil-War-drama-Free-State-Jones.html|accessdate=February 26, 2015|publisher=dailymail.co.uk|date=February 22, 2015|archive-date=2015-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318131211/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2964233/Matthew-McConaughey-New-Orleans-set-Civil-War-drama-Free-State-Jones.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mathew McConaughey begins filming ‘The Free State of Jones’ in Louisiana|url=http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2015/02/26/mathew-mcconaughey-begins-filming-the-free-state-of-jones-in-louisiana/#more-60640|accessdate=February 26, 2015|publisher=onlocationvacations.com|date=February 26, 2015|archive-date=2017-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606072619/http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2015/02/26/mathew-mcconaughey-begins-filming-the-free-state-of-jones-in-louisiana/#more-60640|dead-url=yes}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Evry|first1=Max|title=First Look at Matthew McConaughey in The Free State of Jones|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/417601-first-look-at-matthew-mcconaughey-in-the-free-state-of-jones|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=comingsoon.net|date=March 9, 2015|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402163820/http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/417601-first-look-at-matthew-mcconaughey-in-the-free-state-of-jones|dead-url=no}}</ref> Mei 2015, merupakan jadwal pengambilan gambar untuk [[Clinton, Louisiana|Clinton]], bersama [[East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana|East Feliciana Parish]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Warren|first1=Stephanie|title=Major motion picture to be filmed in Clinton|url=http://theadvocate.com/news/weeklies/11377818-123/major-motion-picture-to-be|accessdate=March 7, 2015|publisher=theadvocate.com|date=March 4, 2015|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144325/http://theadvocate.com/news/weeklies/11377818-123/major-motion-picture-to-be|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 25 Mei 2015, beberapa adegan diambil di Chicot State Park around [[Ville Platte, Louisiana]].


==Rilis==
== Rilis ==
Pada 25 Februari 2015, [[STX Entertainment]] awalnya menetapkan tanggal rilis film ini pada 11 Maret 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|title=STX Entertainment Dates Films With Matthew McConaughey, Julia Roberts, Jason Blum|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stx-entertainment-dates-films-with-matthew-mcconaughey-julia-roberts-jason-blum-1201441515/|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=variety.com|date=February 25, 2015}}</ref> Bulan Oktober 2015, STX Entertainment mengubah tanggal itu menjadi 13 Mei 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Busch|first1=Anita|title=STX Pushes ‘Free State Of Jones’ To Summer 2016, Dates ‘The Space Between Us’|url=http://deadline.com/2015/10/the-free-state-of-jones-release-date-matthew-mcconaughey-the-space-between-us-1201591487/|accessdate=October 28, 2015|work=deadline.com|date=October 22, 2015}}</ref> Namun kemudian masih berubah lagi menjadi 24 Juni 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McClintock|first1=Pamela|title=Matthew McConaughey's 'Free State of Jones' Goes Up Against 'Independence Day: Resurgence'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaugheys-free-state-jones-874074|accessdate=March 9, 2015 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> Trailer film kali pertama dirilis pada 9 Januari 2016.<ref>Ryan Parker, [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaughey-starrer-free-state-853673 "Matthew McConaughey Starrer 'Free State of Jones' Trailer Released"], ''The Hollywood Reporter'', January 9, 2016 In front of The Revenant.</ref>
Pada 25 Februari 2015, [[STX Entertainment]] awalnya menetapkan tanggal rilis film ini pada 11 Maret 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|title=STX Entertainment Dates Films With Matthew McConaughey, Julia Roberts, Jason Blum|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stx-entertainment-dates-films-with-matthew-mcconaughey-julia-roberts-jason-blum-1201441515/|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=variety.com|date=February 25, 2015|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135908/https://variety.com/2015/film/news/stx-entertainment-dates-films-with-matthew-mcconaughey-julia-roberts-jason-blum-1201441515/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Bulan Oktober 2015, STX Entertainment mengubah tanggal itu menjadi 13 Mei 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Busch|first1=Anita|title=STX Pushes ‘Free State Of Jones’ To Summer 2016, Dates ‘The Space Between Us’|url=http://deadline.com/2015/10/the-free-state-of-jones-release-date-matthew-mcconaughey-the-space-between-us-1201591487/|accessdate=October 28, 2015|work=deadline.com|date=October 22, 2015|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163416/https://deadline.com/2015/10/the-free-state-of-jones-release-date-matthew-mcconaughey-the-space-between-us-1201591487/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Namun kemudian masih berubah lagi menjadi 24 Juni 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McClintock|first1=Pamela|title=Matthew McConaughey's 'Free State of Jones' Goes Up Against 'Independence Day: Resurgence'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaugheys-free-state-jones-874074|accessdate=March 9, 2015|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 9, 2015|archive-date=2021-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212024957/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaugheys-free-state-jones-874074|dead-url=no}}</ref> Trailer film kali pertama dirilis pada 9 Januari 2016.<ref>Ryan Parker, [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaughey-starrer-free-state-853673 "Matthew McConaughey Starrer 'Free State of Jones' Trailer Released"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126161728/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matthew-mcconaughey-starrer-free-state-853673 |date=2020-11-26 }}, ''The Hollywood Reporter'', January 9, 2016 In front of The Revenant.</ref>


==Box office==
== Box office ==
''Free State of Jones'' menghasilkan pendapatan sebesar $20.8 juta di Amerika Utara, dan $2.3 di wilayah lain, dengan total penghasilan mencapai $23.1 juta. Sedangkan biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar $50 juta.<ref name=BOM /> Film ini dirilis di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada pada tanggal 24 Juni 2016, berbarengan dengan ''[[Independence Day: Resurgence]]'' dan ''[[The Shallows (film)|The Shallows]]'' dan pendapatan diproyeksikan sebesar $10 juta pada akhir pekan pembukaan dari 2,815 gedung bioskop.<ref name="budget" /> The film grossed $365,000 from its Thursday previews and $2.7 million on its first day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/06/independence-day-resurgence-finding-dory-shallows-free-state-of-jones-neon-demon-weekend-box-office-1201778773/ |title='Dory' Swallows ‘Resurgence’; ‘Shallows’ Rides $16M Wave; ‘Free State Of Jones’ & ‘Neon Demon’ Wounded|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |date=June 26, 2016|accessdate=June 26, 2016}}</ref> Pada pembukaan akhir pekan, film ini meraup laba sebesar $7.6 juta, berakhir dengan peringkat ke-enam box office di bawah ''[[Finding Dory]]'' ($73 million), ''Independence Day: Resurgence'' ($41 million), ''[[Central Intelligence]]'' ($18.2 million), ''The Shallows'' ($16.8 million) dan ''[[The Conjuring 2]]'' ($7.7 million).<ref name="weekendjune24">{{cite web|title=Weekend Box Office Results for June 24–26, 2016 |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2016&wknd=26&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="RT">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/free_state_of_jones/ |title=Free State of Jones (2016) |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Meta">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/free-state-of-jones |title=Free State of Jones reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=July 7, 2016}}</ref><ref name="CinemaScore">{{cite web|url=https://m.cinemascore.com |title=CinemaScore |work=cinemascore.com }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4200 | title = 'Independence Day', 'Shallows' & 'Free State of Jones' Must Contend with 'Finding Dory' | author = Brad Brevet | date = June 23, 2016 | work = Box Office Mojo }}</ref><ref name="NYT">A. O. Scott, [http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/24/movies/free-state-of-jones-review-matthew-mcconaughey.html Review: Matthew McConaughey Rebels Against Rebels in ‘Free State of Jones’], NYT Critics’ Pick, ''New York Times'' June 23, 2016, page C1 (Accessed 26 August 2016)</ref>
''Free State of Jones'' menghasilkan pendapatan sebesar $20.8 juta di Amerika Utara, dan $2.3 di wilayah lain, dengan total penghasilan mencapai $23.1 juta. Sedangkan biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar $50 juta.<ref name=BOM /> Film ini dirilis di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada pada tanggal 24 Juni 2016, berbarengan dengan ''[[Independence Day: Resurgence]]'' dan ''[[The Shallows (film)|The Shallows]]'' dan pendapatan diproyeksikan sebesar $10 juta pada akhir pekan pembukaan dari 2,815 gedung bioskop.<ref name="budget" /> The film grossed $365,000 from its Thursday previews and $2.7 million on its first day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2016/06/independence-day-resurgence-finding-dory-shallows-free-state-of-jones-neon-demon-weekend-box-office-1201778773/ |title='Dory' Swallows ‘Resurgence’; ‘Shallows’ Rides $16M Wave; ‘Free State Of Jones’ & ‘Neon Demon’ Wounded |author=Anthony D'Alessandro |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |date=June 26, 2016 |accessdate=June 26, 2016 |archive-date=2016-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626234146/http://deadline.com/2016/06/independence-day-resurgence-finding-dory-shallows-free-state-of-jones-neon-demon-weekend-box-office-1201778773/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Pada pembukaan akhir pekan, film ini meraup laba sebesar $7.6 juta, berakhir dengan peringkat ke-enam box office di bawah ''[[Finding Dory]]'' ($73 million), ''Independence Day: Resurgence'' ($41 million), ''[[Central Intelligence]]'' ($18.2 million), ''The Shallows'' ($16.8 million) dan ''[[The Conjuring 2]]'' ($7.7 million).<ref name="weekendjune24">{{cite web|title=Weekend Box Office Results for June 24–26, 2016|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2016&wknd=26&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=28 June 2016|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719043919/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2016&wknd=26&p=.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="RT">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/free_state_of_jones/ |title=Free State of Jones (2016) |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate=September 2, 2016 |archive-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116053133/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/free_state_of_jones |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Meta">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/free-state-of-jones |title=Free State of Jones reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=July 7, 2016 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108110041/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/free-state-of-jones |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="CinemaScore">{{cite web |url=https://m.cinemascore.com/ |title=CinemaScore |work=cinemascore.com |access-date=2017-02-05 |archive-date=2015-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217211441/https://m.cinemascore.com/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4200 | title = 'Independence Day', 'Shallows' & 'Free State of Jones' Must Contend with 'Finding Dory' | author = Brad Brevet | date = June 23, 2016 | work = Box Office Mojo | access-date = 2017-02-05 | archive-date = 2018-06-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180623032851/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4200 | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name="NYT">A. O. Scott, [http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/24/movies/free-state-of-jones-review-matthew-mcconaughey.html Review: Matthew McConaughey Rebels Against Rebels in ‘Free State of Jones’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226070715/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/24/movies/free-state-of-jones-review-matthew-mcconaughey.html |date=2022-12-26 }}, NYT Critics’ Pick, ''New York Times'' June 23, 2016, page C1 (Accessed 26 August 2016)</ref>


==Lihat juga==
== Lihat juga ==
* ''[[Tap Roots]]'', a 1948 film loosely based on the life story of Newton Knight
* ''[[Tap Roots]]'', a 1948 film loosely based on the life story of Newton Knight
{{Portalbar|2010s|Film in the United States}}
{{Portalbar|2010s|Film in the United States}}


==Referensi==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==Sumber lain==
== Sumber lain ==
* Bynum, Vikki E. ''The Free State of Jones: Mississippi's Longest Civil War''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. ISBN 9781469627052.
* Bynum, Vikki E. ''The Free State of Jones: Mississippi's Longest Civil War''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. ISBN 978-1-4696-2705-2.
* Downing, David C. ''A South Divided: Portraits of Dissent in the Confederacy''. Nashville: Cumberland House, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58182-587-9.
* Downing, David C. ''A South Divided: Portraits of Dissent in the Confederacy''. Nashville: Cumberland House, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58182-587-9.


== External links ==
== Pranala luar ==
* {{Official website|http://stxmovies.com/freestateofjones/}}
* {{Official website|http://stxmovies.com/freestateofjones/}}
* {{IMDb title|1124037}}
* {{IMDb title|1124037}}
Baris 87: Baris 87:
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|free_state_of_jones|Free State of Jones}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|free_state_of_jones|Free State of Jones}}
* {{Metacritic film|free-state-of-jones|Free State of Jones}}
* {{Metacritic film|free-state-of-jones|Free State of Jones}}
* [[Smithsonian (magazine)|''Smithsonian'' magazine]]: [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-free-state-jones-180958111/?no-ist "The true story of the Free State of Jones"]
* [[Smithsonian (magazine)|''Smithsonian'' magazine]]: [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-free-state-jones-180958111/?no-ist "The true story of the Free State of Jones"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713213347/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-free-state-jones-180958111/?no-ist |date=2023-07-13 }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Free State of Jones (film)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Free State of Jones (film)}}

{{film-stub}}

[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 2016]]
[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 2016]]
Baris 98: Baris 95:
[[Kategori:Film berbahasa Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Film berbahasa Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Film perang]]
[[Kategori:Film perang]]
[[Kategori:Film thriller]]
[[Kategori:Film cerita seru]]
[[Kategori:Film sejarah]]
[[Kategori:Film sejarah]]

Revisi terkini sejak 11 Juli 2024 04.55

Free State of Jones
A bearded man holding a rifle across his shoulders
Poster rilis teatrikal
SutradaraGary Ross
Produser
SkenarioGary Ross
CeritaLeonard Hartman
Gary Ross
Pemeran
Penata musikNicholas Britell
SinematograferBenoît Delhomme
Penyunting
Perusahaan
produksi
DistributorSTX Entertainment
Tanggal rilis
  • 16 Juni 2016 (2016-06-16) (Atlanta)
  • 24 Juni 2016 (2016-06-24) (United States)
Durasi140 minutes[1]
NegaraUnited States
BahasaEnglish
Anggaran$50 million[2]
Pendapatan
kotor
$85 million[3]

Free State of Jones adalah film Amerika Serikat produksi tahun 2016 bergenre drama sejarah perang yang terinspirasi oleh kisah kehidupan Newton Knight.Film ini ditulis dan disutradarai oleh Gary Ross. Beberapa bintang yang bermaind alam film ini antara lain Matthew McConaughey, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Mahershala Ali, dan Keri Russell. Free State of Jones dirilis secara serentak di Amerika Serikat oleh STX Entertainment pada tanggal 24 Juni 2016. Dengan menuai ulasan beragam dari penonton dan kritikus, film ini berhasil mengumpulkan pendapatan hanya sebesar $25 juta, sementara biaya yang dikeluarkan mencapai $50 juta.[3][4][5][6][5][7][8]

Pemeran

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Production

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Pada 5 November 2014, sebuah artikel yang dimuat di Deadline.com mengumumkan bahwa Matthew McConaughey akan membintangi film ini, dengan memerankan sebagai Newton Knight di bawah arahan sutradara Gary Ross.[6][6] Jon Kilik, Scott Stuber dan Ross memproduseri film ini.[6] On January 6, 2015, Gugu Mbatha-Raw was set to play the role of Rachel, former slave and subsequently Knight's wife.[9] Keri Russell dan Mahershala Ali bergabung dalam film ini pada 12 Februari, di mana Russl memerankan sebagai istri Knight, Serena Knight, sedangkan Ali ditetapkan untuk memerankan sebagai Moses Washington.[10][13]

Awal Februari 2015, Project Casting melaporkan bahwa proses produksi film ini dijadwalkan pada 23 Februari sampai dengan 21 Mei di New Orleans dan Lafayette, Louisiana.[14][15] Pada tanggal 10 Februari, McConaughey diambil gambarnya di New Orleans dan diulangi pada 21 February 21.[16][17][18].[19] Mei 2015, merupakan jadwal pengambilan gambar untuk Clinton, bersama East Feliciana Parish.[20] 25 Mei 2015, beberapa adegan diambil di Chicot State Park around Ville Platte, Louisiana.

Rilis

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Pada 25 Februari 2015, STX Entertainment awalnya menetapkan tanggal rilis film ini pada 11 Maret 2016.[21] Bulan Oktober 2015, STX Entertainment mengubah tanggal itu menjadi 13 Mei 2016.[22] Namun kemudian masih berubah lagi menjadi 24 Juni 2016.[23] Trailer film kali pertama dirilis pada 9 Januari 2016.[24]

Box office

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Free State of Jones menghasilkan pendapatan sebesar $20.8 juta di Amerika Utara, dan $2.3 di wilayah lain, dengan total penghasilan mencapai $23.1 juta. Sedangkan biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar $50 juta.[3] Film ini dirilis di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada pada tanggal 24 Juni 2016, berbarengan dengan Independence Day: Resurgence dan The Shallows dan pendapatan diproyeksikan sebesar $10 juta pada akhir pekan pembukaan dari 2,815 gedung bioskop.[2] The film grossed $365,000 from its Thursday previews and $2.7 million on its first day.[25] Pada pembukaan akhir pekan, film ini meraup laba sebesar $7.6 juta, berakhir dengan peringkat ke-enam box office di bawah Finding Dory ($73 million), Independence Day: Resurgence ($41 million), Central Intelligence ($18.2 million), The Shallows ($16.8 million) dan The Conjuring 2 ($7.7 million).[26][27][28][29][30][31]

Lihat juga

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  • Tap Roots, a 1948 film loosely based on the life story of Newton Knight

Referensi

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  1. ^ "Free State of Jones (15)". British Board of Film Classification. August 30, 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-09-28. Diakses tanggal August 30, 2016. 
  2. ^ a b Brent Lang (June 22, 2016). "Box Office: 'Independence Day: Resurgence' No Match for 'Finding Dory'". Variety. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-29. Diakses tanggal June 22, 2016. 
  3. ^ a b c "Free State of Jones (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-09-21. Diakses tanggal December 10, 2016. 
  4. ^ Richard Grant, The True Story of the ‘Free State of Jones’ Diarsipkan 2023-07-13 di Wayback Machine., Smithsonian Magazine, March 2016
  5. ^ a b State of Jones (2016)[pranala nonaktif permanen], History vs Hollywood (retrieved 26 August 2016)
  6. ^ a b c d e f Fleming Jr, Mike; Busch, Anita (November 5, 2014). "Matthew McConaughey & Gary Ross Mount Civil War Saga; Bob Simonds' STX In Talks To Finance". deadline.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-28. Diakses tanggal March 6, 2015. 
  7. ^ Mick LaSalle, "Movies to look for (maybe) in 2016" Diarsipkan 2020-10-21 di Wayback Machine.. San Francisco Chronicle, December 30, 2015.
  8. ^ Pamela McClintock, "Matthew McConaughey's 'Free State of Jones' Gets New Release Date" Diarsipkan 2020-11-26 di Wayback Machine., The Hollywood Reporter, October 22, 2015.
  9. ^ a b Sneider, Jeff (January 6, 2015). "Gugu Mbatha-Raw to Star Opposite Matthew McConaughey in Gary Ross' 'Free State of Jones' (Exclusive)". thewrap.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-17. Diakses tanggal March 6, 2015. 
  10. ^ a b c Sneider, Jeff (February 12, 2015). "Keri Russell, Mahershala Ali Join Matthew McConaughey in 'Free State of Jones' (Exclusive)". thewrap.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-04-26. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2015. 
  11. ^ "Donald Watkins". IMDb. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-11. Diakses tanggal 2016-08-28. 
  12. ^ "Artrial Clark". IMDb. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-28. Diakses tanggal 2016-08-28. 
  13. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-11-22. Diakses tanggal 2017-02-05. 
  14. ^ "'Free State of Jones' Starring Matthew McConaughey Open Casting Call". projectcasting.com. February 3, 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-03. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2015. 
  15. ^ Scott, Mike (January 7, 2015). "Matthew McConaughey's Civil War drama 'The Free State of Jones' to shoot in New Orleans and Lafayette; extras sought". nola.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-26. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2015. 
  16. ^ Waugh, Heather (February 11, 2015). "Matthew McConaughey sports scruffy beard on stroll in New Orleans as he prepares to film civil war drama". dailymail.co.uk. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-11. Diakses tanggal March 6, 2015. 
  17. ^ Zhao, Helen (February 22, 2015). "EXCLUSIVE: First look at a very scruffy Matthew McConaughey on New Orleans set of Civil War drama The Free State Of Jones". dailymail.co.uk. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-18. Diakses tanggal February 26, 2015. 
  18. ^ "Mathew McConaughey begins filming 'The Free State of Jones' in Louisiana". onlocationvacations.com. February 26, 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-06. Diakses tanggal February 26, 2015. 
  19. ^ Evry, Max (March 9, 2015). "First Look at Matthew McConaughey in The Free State of Jones". comingsoon.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal March 10, 2015. 
  20. ^ Warren, Stephanie (March 4, 2015). "Major motion picture to be filmed in Clinton". theadvocate.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal March 7, 2015. 
  21. ^ Lang, Brent (February 25, 2015). "STX Entertainment Dates Films With Matthew McConaughey, Julia Roberts, Jason Blum". variety.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-12. Diakses tanggal March 6, 2015. 
  22. ^ Busch, Anita (October 22, 2015). "STX Pushes 'Free State Of Jones' To Summer 2016, Dates 'The Space Between Us'". deadline.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-12. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2015. 
  23. ^ McClintock, Pamela (March 9, 2015). "Matthew McConaughey's 'Free State of Jones' Goes Up Against 'Independence Day: Resurgence'". The Hollywood Reporter. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-02-12. Diakses tanggal March 9, 2015. 
  24. ^ Ryan Parker, "Matthew McConaughey Starrer 'Free State of Jones' Trailer Released" Diarsipkan 2020-11-26 di Wayback Machine., The Hollywood Reporter, January 9, 2016 In front of The Revenant.
  25. ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (June 26, 2016). "'Dory' Swallows 'Resurgence'; 'Shallows' Rides $16M Wave; 'Free State Of Jones' & 'Neon Demon' Wounded". Deadline.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-26. Diakses tanggal June 26, 2016. 
  26. ^ "Weekend Box Office Results for June 24–26, 2016". Box Office Mojo. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-19. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2016. 
  27. ^ "Free State of Jones (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-01-16. Diakses tanggal September 2, 2016. 
  28. ^ "Free State of Jones reviews". Metacritic. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-08. Diakses tanggal July 7, 2016. 
  29. ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-17. Diakses tanggal 2017-02-05. 
  30. ^ Brad Brevet (June 23, 2016). "'Independence Day', 'Shallows' & 'Free State of Jones' Must Contend with 'Finding Dory'". Box Office Mojo. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-23. Diakses tanggal 2017-02-05. 
  31. ^ A. O. Scott, Review: Matthew McConaughey Rebels Against Rebels in ‘Free State of Jones’ Diarsipkan 2022-12-26 di Wayback Machine., NYT Critics’ Pick, New York Times June 23, 2016, page C1 (Accessed 26 August 2016)

Sumber lain

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  • Bynum, Vikki E. The Free State of Jones: Mississippi's Longest Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. ISBN 978-1-4696-2705-2.
  • Downing, David C. A South Divided: Portraits of Dissent in the Confederacy. Nashville: Cumberland House, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58182-587-9.

Pranala luar

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