General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:FB-111 Formation.jpg|jmpl|300px]] |
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[[Berkas:F-111F dropping high-drag bombs.jpg|jmpl|300px]] |
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'''General Dynamics F-111 "Aardvark"''' adalah pesawat tempur jarak menengah interdictor dan taktis yang juga mengisi peran pembom strategis , pengintaian , dan peperangan elektronik dalam berbagai versi. Dikembangkan pada tahun 1960 oleh General Dynamics , pertama kali memasuki layanan pada tahun 1967 dengan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat . Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) juga memesan jenis ini dan mulai beroperasi F-111C pada tahun 1973. |
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[[Berkas:F-111A 428th TFS in flight with cluster bombs.jpg|jmpl|300px]] |
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[[Berkas:F-111A dropping MK82.jpg|jmpl|200px]] |
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'''General Dynamics F-111 "Aardvark"''' adalah pesawat penyerang taktis [[pesawat terbang supersonik|supersonik]], interdictor jarak menengah yang juga mengisi peran sebagai pembom strategis nuklir, pengintaian udara dan peperangan elektronik dalam berbagai versi. Dikembangkan pada tahun 1960 oleh General Dynamics, pertama kali memasuki tugas pada tahun 1967 di Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat ([[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat|United States Air Force]] / USAF). Angkatan Udara Australia (Royal Australian Air Force / RAAF) juga memesan jenis ini dan mulai mengoperasikan F-111C pada tahun 1973. |
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F-111 merupakan |
Pesawat F-111 merupakan pelopor beberapa teknologi dalam pembuatan pesawat, termasuk variable-sweep wing (sayap yang dapat mengayun ke belakang), mesin turbofan dengan pembakaran ulang (afterburning), dan [[terrain-following radar|terrain-following radar (TFR)]] otomatis untuk penerbangan rendah dengan kecepatan tinggi. Desain pesawat dipengaruhi sayap variable-sweep dan beberapa fitur canggih. |
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Pesawat F-111 menderita berbagai masalah selama dalam tahap pengembangan awal. Beberapa peran yang dimaksudkan, seperti pesawat buru sergap angkatan laut yang berpangkalan di kapal induk yaitu F-111B, ternyata gagal terwujud. |
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== Spesifikasi (F-111F) == |
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[[Berkas:General Dynamics EF-111A Raven 3-view line drawing.png|400px]] |
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[[Berkas:RAF Museum Cosford - DSC08466.JPG|jmpl|300px]] |
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=== Karakteristik umum === |
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* Kru: 2 (pilot dan operator sistem senjata) |
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* Panjang: 73 ft 6 in (22,4 m) |
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* Lebar sayap: |
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* Spread: 63 ft (19,2 m) |
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* Menyapu: 32 ft (9,75 m) |
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* Tinggi: 17,13 ft (5.22 m) |
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* Area sayap: |
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* Spread: 657,4 ft ² (61.07 m²) |
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* Menyapu: 525 ft ² (48,77 m²) |
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* Airfoil: NACA 64-210,68 akar, NACA 64-209,80 ujung |
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* Berat kosong: 47.200 lb (21.400 kg) |
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* Loaded berat: £ 82.800 (37.600 kg) |
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* Max. berat lepas landas: £ 100.000 (45.300 kg) |
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* Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-100 turbofan |
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* Kering dorong: 17.900 lbf (79,6 kN) masing-masing |
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* Dorongan dengan afterburner: 25.100 lbf (112 kN) masing-masing |
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* Zero-angkat koefisien drag: 0,0186 |
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* Tarik area: 9.36 ft ² (0,87 m²) |
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* Aspek rasio: spread: 7.56, menyapu: 1,95 |
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=== Prestasi === |
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* Kecepatan maksimum: Mach 2,5 (1.650 mph, 2.655 km / jam) pada ketinggian |
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* Memerangi radius: 1.330 mil [ membahas ] (1.160 nm, 2.140 km) |
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* Ferry kisaran: 4.200 mil (3.700 nm, 6.760 km) |
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* Layanan langit-langit: 66.000 ft (20.100 m) |
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* Tingkat panjat: 25.890 ft / min (131,5 m / s) |
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* Wing pemuatan: |
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* Spread: £ 126,0 / ft ² (615,2 kg / m²) |
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* Menyapu: £ 158 / ft ² (771 kg / m²) |
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* Thrust / berat: 0,61 |
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* Angkat-to-drag ratio: 15,8 |
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=== Persenjataan === |
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* Senjata: 1 × 20 mm (0.787 in) M61 Vulcan 6-laras meriam Gatling senjata di Teluk (jarang dipasang) |
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* Cantelan: 9 total (8 × bawah sayap, 1 × bawah-pesawat antara mesin) ditambah 2 pasang poin di teluk senjata dengan kapasitas £ 31.500 (14.300 kg) dan ketentuan untuk membawa kombinasi dari: |
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* Bom: |
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* Free-jatuh tujuan umum bom |
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** Mk 82 (500 kg lb/227) |
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** Mk 83 (1.000 lb/454 kg) |
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** Mk 84 (2.000 lb/907 kg) |
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** Mk 117 (750 kg lb/340) |
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* Cluster bom |
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* BLU-109 (2.000 lb/907 kg) bom mengeras penetrasi |
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* Paveway bom dipandu laser, termasuk 2.000 lb (907 kg) GBU-10, 500 lb (227 kg) GBU-12 dan GBU-28, khusus lb 4.800 (2.200 kg) bom penetrasi |
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* BLU-107 Durandal landasan -kawah bom |
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* GBU-15 elektro-optik bom |
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* AGM-130 stand-off bom |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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* |
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* Angelucci, Enzo. ''The American Fighter.'' New York: Haynes, 1987. ISBN 0-85429-635-2. |
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* |
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* Boyne, Walter J.''Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia'', Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1-57607-345-9. |
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* |
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* Eden, Paul, ed. "General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark/EF-111 Raven". ''Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft.'' London: Amber Books, 2004. ISBN 1-904687-84-9. |
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* Frawley, Gerald. "General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark". ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002/2003.'' Fyshwick ACT, AU: Aerospace Publications, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2. |
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* Gardner, Charles. ''British Aircraft Corporation: A History.'' London: BT Batsford, 1981. ISBN 0-7134-3815-0. |
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* {{wikicite| ref ={{sfnRef|Gunston|1978}}|reference=Gunston, Bill. ''F-111.'' New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978. ISBN 0-684-15753-5.}} |
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* Gunston, Bill. ''F-111,'' (Modern Fighting Aircraft, Vol. 3). New York: Salamander Books, 1983. ISBN 0-668-05904-4. |
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* Knaack, Marcelle Size. [http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/fulltext/encyclopedia_postww2_fighters.pdf ''Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume 1 Post-World War II Fighters 1945-1973''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609020127/http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/fulltext/encyclopedia_postww2_fighters.pdf |date=2011-06-09 }} Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978. ISBN 0-912799-59-5. |
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* Lax, Mark. [http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Publications/Details/431/From-Controversy-to-Cutting-Edge.aspx ''From Controversy to Cutting Edge: A History of the F-111 in Australian Service''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530233931/http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Publications/Details/431/From-Controversy-to-Cutting-Edge.aspx |date=2012-05-30 }} Canberra, Australia: Air Power Development Centre, Department of Defence (Australia), 2010. ISBN 978-1-920800-54-3. |
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* Logan, Don. ''General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History, 1998. ISBN 0-7643-0587-5. |
|||
* Miller, Jay. ''General Dynamics F-111 "Arardvark"''. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, 1982. ISBN 0-8168-0606-3. |
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* Neubeck, Ken. ''F-111 Aardvark Walk Around''. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 2009. ISBN 978-0-89747-581-5. |
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* Spick, Mike. '' B-1B'' (Modern Fighting Aircraft). New York: Prentice Hall, 1986. ISBN 0-13-055237-2. |
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* Thomason, Tommy. ''Grumman Navy F-111B Swing Wing'' (Navy Fighters No. 41). Simi Valley, California: Steve Ginter, 1998. ISBN 0-942612-41-8. |
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* Thornborough, Anthony M. ''F-111 Aardvark''. London: Arms and Armour, 1989. ISBN 0-85368-935-0. |
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* Thornborough, Anthony M. and Peter E. Davies. ''F-111 Success in Action''. London: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1989. ISBN 0-85368-988-1. |
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* Winchester, Jim, ed. "General Dynamics FB-111A". "Grumman/General Dynamics EF-111A Raven". ''Military Aircraft of the Cold War'' (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books plc, 2006. ISBN 1-84013-929-3. |
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{{Refend}} |
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== Pranala luar == |
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{{Commons|F-111 Aardvark}} |
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{{externalimage |topic=General Dynamics F-111 Cutaway |width= |align=right |image1=[http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/militaryaviation1946-2006cutaways/images/11498/general-dynamics-f-111-cutaway.jpg General Dynamics F-111 Cutaway from] [[Flightglobal.com]]}} |
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* [http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2321 F-111 page on USAF National Museum web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228194425/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2321 |date=2007-12-28 }} |
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* [http://www.airforce.gov.au/aircraft/f111.aspx Royal Australian Air Force F-111 page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513103137/http://airforce.gov.au/Aircraft/F111.aspx |date=2012-05-13 }} |
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* [http://www.f-111.net/ F-111.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204083358/http://www.f-111.net/ |date=2012-12-04 }} |
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* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-111.htm F-111 page on GlobalSecurity.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105214609/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-111.htm |date=2012-11-05 }} |
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* [http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/bomber/f111/ F-111 profile on Aerospaceweb.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210170431/http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/bomber/f111/ |date=2020-02-10 }} |
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* [http://www.ausairpower.net/pig.html F-111 on ausairpower.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919200143/http://www.ausairpower.net/pig.html |date=2012-09-19 }} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090930124020/http://www.ada.asn.au/defender/Summer2006-07/PDF%20Versions/Are.F-111s.Stuffed(Defender.Summer2006-07).pdf "Are the F-111s Really Stuffed?". ''Defender,'' Summer 2006/07] |
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* [http://books.google.com/books?id=qCUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61&dq=popular+science+1943+there%27s+one+thrill+no+soldier&hl=en&ei=NlvOTJj2EIPMnAeRwYT-Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=true "The Truth About the Amazing F-111". ''Popular Science,'' May 1968] |
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* [http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/12/03/3083740.htm?site=brisbane "F-111s to fire up for final farewell with flyover." ''ABC Brisbane,'' 3 December 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426235119/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/12/03/3083740.htm?site=brisbane |date=2014-04-26 }} |
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* [http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/f111fighter/ F-111 Aircraft Images & Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607001311/https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/f111fighter/ |date=2023-06-07 }} |
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{{Convair/GD aircraft}} |
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{{Transportasi supersonik}} |
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{{pesawat-stub}} |
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[[Kategori:Pesawat militer]] |
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[[Kategori:Pesawat militer]] |
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[[en:General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark]] |
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[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang General Dynamics|F-111 Aardvark]] |
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[[Kategori:Pesawat jet bermesin ganda (Twinjet)|General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark]] |
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[[Kategori:Pesawat jet supersonik|General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark]] |
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[[Kategori:Pesawat serang darat]] |
Revisi per 11 Juli 2024 07.24
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FB-111_Formation.jpg/300px-FB-111_Formation.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/F-111F_dropping_high-drag_bombs.jpg/300px-F-111F_dropping_high-drag_bombs.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/F-111A_428th_TFS_in_flight_with_cluster_bombs.jpg/300px-F-111A_428th_TFS_in_flight_with_cluster_bombs.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/F-111A_dropping_MK82.jpg/200px-F-111A_dropping_MK82.jpg)
General Dynamics F-111 "Aardvark" adalah pesawat penyerang taktis supersonik, interdictor jarak menengah yang juga mengisi peran sebagai pembom strategis nuklir, pengintaian udara dan peperangan elektronik dalam berbagai versi. Dikembangkan pada tahun 1960 oleh General Dynamics, pertama kali memasuki tugas pada tahun 1967 di Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat (United States Air Force / USAF). Angkatan Udara Australia (Royal Australian Air Force / RAAF) juga memesan jenis ini dan mulai mengoperasikan F-111C pada tahun 1973.
Pesawat F-111 merupakan pelopor beberapa teknologi dalam pembuatan pesawat, termasuk variable-sweep wing (sayap yang dapat mengayun ke belakang), mesin turbofan dengan pembakaran ulang (afterburning), dan terrain-following radar (TFR) otomatis untuk penerbangan rendah dengan kecepatan tinggi. Desain pesawat dipengaruhi sayap variable-sweep dan beberapa fitur canggih.
Pesawat F-111 menderita berbagai masalah selama dalam tahap pengembangan awal. Beberapa peran yang dimaksudkan, seperti pesawat buru sergap angkatan laut yang berpangkalan di kapal induk yaitu F-111B, ternyata gagal terwujud.
Spesifikasi (F-111F)
Karakteristik umum
- Kru: 2 (pilot dan operator sistem senjata)
- Panjang: 73 ft 6 in (22,4 m)
- Lebar sayap:
- Spread: 63 ft (19,2 m)
- Menyapu: 32 ft (9,75 m)
- Tinggi: 17,13 ft (5.22 m)
- Area sayap:
- Spread: 657,4 ft ² (61.07 m²)
- Menyapu: 525 ft ² (48,77 m²)
- Airfoil: NACA 64-210,68 akar, NACA 64-209,80 ujung
- Berat kosong: 47.200 lb (21.400 kg)
- Loaded berat: £ 82.800 (37.600 kg)
- Max. berat lepas landas: £ 100.000 (45.300 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-100 turbofan
- Kering dorong: 17.900 lbf (79,6 kN) masing-masing
- Dorongan dengan afterburner: 25.100 lbf (112 kN) masing-masing
- Zero-angkat koefisien drag: 0,0186
- Tarik area: 9.36 ft ² (0,87 m²)
- Aspek rasio: spread: 7.56, menyapu: 1,95
Prestasi
- Kecepatan maksimum: Mach 2,5 (1.650 mph, 2.655 km / jam) pada ketinggian
- Memerangi radius: 1.330 mil [ membahas ] (1.160 nm, 2.140 km)
- Ferry kisaran: 4.200 mil (3.700 nm, 6.760 km)
- Layanan langit-langit: 66.000 ft (20.100 m)
- Tingkat panjat: 25.890 ft / min (131,5 m / s)
- Wing pemuatan:
- Spread: £ 126,0 / ft ² (615,2 kg / m²)
- Menyapu: £ 158 / ft ² (771 kg / m²)
- Thrust / berat: 0,61
- Angkat-to-drag ratio: 15,8
Persenjataan
- Senjata: 1 × 20 mm (0.787 in) M61 Vulcan 6-laras meriam Gatling senjata di Teluk (jarang dipasang)
- Cantelan: 9 total (8 × bawah sayap, 1 × bawah-pesawat antara mesin) ditambah 2 pasang poin di teluk senjata dengan kapasitas £ 31.500 (14.300 kg) dan ketentuan untuk membawa kombinasi dari:
- Bom:
- Free-jatuh tujuan umum bom
- Mk 82 (500 kg lb/227)
- Mk 83 (1.000 lb/454 kg)
- Mk 84 (2.000 lb/907 kg)
- Mk 117 (750 kg lb/340)
- Cluster bom
- BLU-109 (2.000 lb/907 kg) bom mengeras penetrasi
- Paveway bom dipandu laser, termasuk 2.000 lb (907 kg) GBU-10, 500 lb (227 kg) GBU-12 dan GBU-28, khusus lb 4.800 (2.200 kg) bom penetrasi
- BLU-107 Durandal landasan -kawah bom
- GBU-15 elektro-optik bom
- AGM-130 stand-off bom
Referensi
- Angelucci, Enzo. The American Fighter. New York: Haynes, 1987. ISBN 0-85429-635-2.
- Boyne, Walter J.Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1-57607-345-9.
- Eden, Paul, ed. "General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark/EF-111 Raven". Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London: Amber Books, 2004. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
- Frawley, Gerald. "General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark". The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002/2003. Fyshwick ACT, AU: Aerospace Publications, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2.
- Gardner, Charles. British Aircraft Corporation: A History. London: BT Batsford, 1981. ISBN 0-7134-3815-0.
- Gunston, Bill. F-111. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978. ISBN 0-684-15753-5.
- Gunston, Bill. F-111, (Modern Fighting Aircraft, Vol. 3). New York: Salamander Books, 1983. ISBN 0-668-05904-4.
- Knaack, Marcelle Size. Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume 1 Post-World War II Fighters 1945-1973. Diarsipkan 2011-06-09 di Wayback Machine. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978. ISBN 0-912799-59-5.
- Lax, Mark. From Controversy to Cutting Edge: A History of the F-111 in Australian Service. Diarsipkan 2012-05-30 di Wayback Machine. Canberra, Australia: Air Power Development Centre, Department of Defence (Australia), 2010. ISBN 978-1-920800-54-3.
- Logan, Don. General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History, 1998. ISBN 0-7643-0587-5.
- Miller, Jay. General Dynamics F-111 "Arardvark". Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, 1982. ISBN 0-8168-0606-3.
- Neubeck, Ken. F-111 Aardvark Walk Around. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 2009. ISBN 978-0-89747-581-5.
- Spick, Mike. B-1B (Modern Fighting Aircraft). New York: Prentice Hall, 1986. ISBN 0-13-055237-2.
- Thomason, Tommy. Grumman Navy F-111B Swing Wing (Navy Fighters No. 41). Simi Valley, California: Steve Ginter, 1998. ISBN 0-942612-41-8.
- Thornborough, Anthony M. F-111 Aardvark. London: Arms and Armour, 1989. ISBN 0-85368-935-0.
- Thornborough, Anthony M. and Peter E. Davies. F-111 Success in Action. London: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1989. ISBN 0-85368-988-1.
- Winchester, Jim, ed. "General Dynamics FB-111A". "Grumman/General Dynamics EF-111A Raven". Military Aircraft of the Cold War (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books plc, 2006. ISBN 1-84013-929-3.
Pranala luar
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
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General Dynamics F-111 Cutaway | |
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General Dynamics F-111 Cutaway from Flightglobal.com |
- F-111 page on USAF National Museum web site Diarsipkan 2007-12-28 di Wayback Machine.
- Royal Australian Air Force F-111 page Diarsipkan 2012-05-13 di Wayback Machine.
- F-111.net Diarsipkan 2012-12-04 di Wayback Machine.
- F-111 page on GlobalSecurity.org Diarsipkan 2012-11-05 di Wayback Machine.
- F-111 profile on Aerospaceweb.org Diarsipkan 2020-02-10 di Wayback Machine.
- F-111 on ausairpower.net Diarsipkan 2012-09-19 di Wayback Machine.
- "Are the F-111s Really Stuffed?". Defender, Summer 2006/07
- "The Truth About the Amazing F-111". Popular Science, May 1968
- "F-111s to fire up for final farewell with flyover." ABC Brisbane, 3 December 2010 Diarsipkan 2014-04-26 di Wayback Machine.
- F-111 Aircraft Images & Information Diarsipkan 2023-06-07 di Wayback Machine.