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Kelompok pribumi di Amerika: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{redirect|bangsa Indian|negara|India|kebangsaan India|bangsa India}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Penduduk asli Benua Amerika
| group = Kelompok pribumi di Amerika
|image = Distribution of Indigenous Peoples in the Americas.svg
| image = Distribution of Indigenous Peoples in the Americas.svg
|caption = Persebaran penduduk asli Benua Amerika pada saat ini
| caption = Persebaran kelompok pribumi di [[Amerika]] saat ini
| pop = Kira-kira {{sum|23.2|9.6|6.4|5.9|4.1|2.1|1.9|1.8|1.7|1.3|1.3|0.724|0.698|0.601|0.443|0.140|0.104|0.078|0.076|0.05|0.036|0.02|0.019|0.019|0.013|0.003|0.002|0.001|-0.327|<--last value should be used to round the number up or down}} juta
|pop = '''Sekitar 60.5 juta'''
|regions =
| regions =
|region1 = {{flag|Meksiko}}
| region1 = {{flag|Meksiko}}
| pop1 = 11,8 - 23,2 juta
|pop1 = 25.7 juta<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/hogares/especiales/ei2015/doc/panorama_sociodemografico_2015.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-12-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103300/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/hogares/especiales/ei2015/doc/panorama_sociodemografico_2015.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>
| ref1 = <ref name=INEGI2020-1>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020: Presentación de resultados |trans-title=Population and Housing Census 2020: Presentation of results |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/doc/Censo2020_Principales_resultados_EUM.pdf#page=49 |page=49 |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía |language=es |quote=Note: Indigenous population was identified as the total population in households where the head of the household, his or her spouse or any of their ascendants claimed to speak an Indigenous language. |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124172052/https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/doc/Censo2020_Principales_resultados_EUM.pdf#page=49 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=INEGI2020-2>{{cite web |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/doc/Censo2020_Resultados_complementarios_EUM.pdf#page=27 |title=Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020: Resultados complementarios |trans-title=2020 Population and Housing Census: Supplementary results |page=27 |access-date=30 January 2022 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía |language=es |archive-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131010619/https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/doc/Censo2020_Resultados_complementarios_EUM.pdf#page=27 |url-status=live}} It was estimated that 19.41% of population aged 3 years and older considered themselves to be Indigenous.</ref>
|ref1 =
|region2 = {{flag|Bolivia}}
| region2 = {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
|pop2 = 6.8 juta
| pop2 = 3,7 - 9,6 juta
|ref2 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref>
| ref2 = <ref name=USCENSUS2020>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1 |title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) |publisher=United States Census Bureau}} The American Indian and Alaska Native population of one race was 3.7 million and the two or more races population 5.9 million (excluding Puerto Rico).</ref>
|region3 = {{flag|Peru}}
| region3 = {{flag|Guatemala}}
|pop3 = 6.0 juta
| pop3 = 6,4 juta
| ref3 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://censo2018.ine.gob.gt/archivos/Principales_resultados_Censo2018.pdf#page=20 |title=Principales Resultados del Censo 2018 |trans-title=Main Results of the 2018 Census |page=10 |access-date=29 April 2021 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es |archive-date=29 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429223246/https://www.censopoblacion.gt/archivos/Principales_resultados_Censo2018.pdf#page=20 |url-status=live}} Sum of people who identify as Maya (6,207,503) and Xinka (264,167).</ref>
|ref3 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espejodelperu.com.pe/Poblacion-del-Peru/Composicion-etnica-del-Peru.htm#People |title=Composición Étnica del Perú |accessdate=14 January 2017}}</ref>
|region4 = {{flag|Guatemala}}
| region4 = {{flag|Peru}}
|pop4 = 5.8 juta
| pop4 = 5,9 juta
| ref4 = <ref name="census2017">{{cite web |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf#page=216 |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |trans-title=Peru: Sociodemographic Profile |page=214 |access-date=30 April 2021 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |language=es |archive-date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135110/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf#page=216 |url-status=live}} Sum of population aged 12 years and older who identify as Quechua (5,176,809), Aimara (548,292), Native or Indigenous from the Amazon (79,266), Ashaninka (55,489), Part of another Indigenous or originary peoples (49,838), Awajun (37,690) and Shipibo Konibo (25,222).</ref>
|ref4 = <ref>http://www.ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2014/02/26/L5pNHMXzxy5FFWmk9NHCrK9x7E5Qqvvy.pdf</ref>
|region5 = {{flag|Ekuador}}
| region5 = {{flag|Bolivia}}
|pop5 = 3.4 juta
| pop5 = 4,1 juta
| ref5 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://bolivia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Caracteristicas_de_Poblacion_2012.pdf#page=105 |title=Características de la Población – Censo 2012 |trans-title=Population Characteristics – 2012 Census |page=103 |access-date=30 April 2021 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430223857/https://bolivia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Caracteristicas_de_Poblacion_2012.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live}} Excluding Afro-Bolivians (23,330).</ref>
|ref5 =
|region6 = {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
| region6 = {{flag|Chili}}
|pop6 = 2.9–5 juta
| pop6 = 2,1 juta
| ref6 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censo2017.cl/descargas/home/sintesis-de-resultados-censo2017.pdf#page=16 |title=Síntesis de Resultados Censo 2017 |trans-title= |page=16 |access-date=30 April 2021 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas |language=es |archive-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713021508/http://www.censo2017.cl/descargas/home/sintesis-de-resultados-censo2017.pdf#page=16 |url-status=live}} Excluding Rapa Nui (9,399).</ref>
|ref6 = <ref name="uscensus">United States Census Bureau. ''[http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010]''</ref>
|region7 = {{flag|Chili}}
| region7 = {{flag|Kolombia}}
|pop7 = 2.0 juta
| pop7 = 1,9 juta
| ref7 = <ref name="dane.gov.co">{{cite web|url=https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/boletines/grupos-etnicos/presentacion-grupos-etnicos-2019.pdf#page=8 |title=Población Indígena de Colombia |trans-title=Indigenous Population of Colombia |access-date=1 May 2021 |publisher=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística |language=es |archive-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918142637/https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/boletines/grupos-etnicos/presentacion-grupos-etnicos-2019.pdf#page=8 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref7 = <ref>http://estudios.anda.cl/recursos/censo_2012.pdf{{full citation needed|date=November 2015}}</ref>
|region8 = {{flag|Kanada}}
| region8 = {{flag|Kanada}}
|pop8 = 1.4 juta
| pop8 = 1,8 juta
| ref8 = <ref name="canada2021">{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810026501|title=Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=21 September 2022 |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927021606/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810026501 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref8 = <ref>[[Canada 2011 Census]] [http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508a-eng.htm]</ref>
|region9 = {{flag|Kolombia}}
| region9 = {{flag|Brasil}}
|pop9 = 1.4 juta
| pop9 = 1,7 juta
| ref9 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/3105/cd_2022_etnico_racial.pdf#page=43 |title=Censo Demográfico 2022: Identificação étnico-racial da população, por sexo e idade |trans-title= |access-date=1 February 2024 |publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |language=pt |archive-date=December 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227080331/https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/3105/cd_2022_etnico_racial.pdf#page=43 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref9 = <ref>DANE 2005 National Census</ref>
|region10 = {{flag|Argentina}}
| region10 = {{flag|Argentina}}
|pop10 = 955,032
| pop10 = 1,3 juta
|ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.censo2010.indec.gob.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P44-Total_pais.xls|title=Población indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas u originarios en viviendas particulares por sexo, según edad en años simples y grupos quinquenales de edad.|work=INDEC|date=2010|accessdate=2 May 2015|language=Spanish|format=xls}}</ref>
| ref10 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://censo.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/censo2022_poblacion_indigena.pdf#page=26 |title=Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2022: Población indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas u originarios |trans-title= |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC) |language=es |access-date=7 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312222020/https://censo.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/censo2022_poblacion_indigena.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2024}}</ref>
|region11 = {{flag|Brasil}}
| region11 = {{flag|Ekuador}}
|pop11 = 817,963
| pop11 = 1,3 juta
| ref11 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.censoecuador.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Presentacio%CC%81n_Nacional_1%C2%B0entrega-4.pdf#page=33 |title=Presentación de Resultados Nacionales |trans-title=Presentation of National Results |access-date=30 October 2023 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos |language=es |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031022341/https://www.censoecuador.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Presentacio%CC%81n_Nacional_1%C2%B0entrega-4.pdf#page=33 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref11 = <ref>{{cite news| url=http://indigenas.ibge.gov.br/graficos-e-tabelas-2 | title=2010 Census graphics of Brazil government | date=2015-02-09 | work=IBGE(Brazilian Institute of Geograph and Statistic}}</ref>
|region12 = {{flag|Venezuela}}
| region12 = {{flag|Venezuela}}
|pop12 = 524,000
| pop12 = 724.592
| ref12 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gov.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/ResultadosBasicos.pdf#page=7 |title=Resultados Población Indígena |trans-title=Indigenous Population Results |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |access-date=1 May 2021 |language=es |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123112140/http://www.ine.gov.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/ResultadosBasicos.pdf#page=7 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|ref12 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Venezuela.pdf|title=About this Collection|work=The Library of Congress|accessdate=29 July 2015}}</ref>
|region13 = {{flag|Honduras}}
| region13 = {{flag|Panama}}
|pop13 = 520,000
| pop13 = 698.114
| ref13 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P0289562520231009163041CUADRO%2020.pdf |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo |access-date=14 June 2024 |title=Población indígena en la República, por sexo, según provincia, comarca indígena, grupo indígena al que pertenece y grupos de edad: Censo 2023 |trans-title=Indigenous population in the Republic, by sex, by province, indigenous region, indigenous group to which it belongs and age groups: 2023 Census |language=es |archive-date=14 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614231651/https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P0289562520231009163041CUADRO%2020.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook - Honduras |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=2013-12-03}}</ref>
|region14 = {{flag|Nicaragua}}
| region14 = {{flag|Honduras}}
|pop14 = 443,847
| pop14 = 601.019
| ref14 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.gob.hn/publicaciones/Censos/Censo_2013/06Tomo-VI-Grupos-Poblacionales/Cuadros%20xls/1.xlsx |title=Población total por grupo poblacional al que pertenece, según total nacional, departamento, área, sexo y grupo de edad |language=es |trans-title=Total population by population group to which it belongs, according to national total, department, area, sex and age group |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |format=XLSX |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502233034/https://www.ine.gob.hn/publicaciones/Censos/Censo_2013/06Tomo-VI-Grupos-Poblacionales/Cuadros%20xls/1.xlsx |url-status=live}} Sum of people who identify as Maya-Chortí (33,256), Lenca (453,672), Misquito (80,007), Nahua (6,339), Pech (6,024), Tolupán (19,033) and Tawahka (2,690).</ref>
|ref14 = <ref>2005 Census</ref>
|region15 = {{flag|Panama}}
| region15 = {{flag|Nikaragua}}
|pop15 = 204,000
| pop15 = 443.847
| ref15 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inide.gob.ni/docu/censos2005/VolPoblacion/Volumen%20Poblacion%201-4/Vol.I%20Poblacion-Caracteristicas%20Generales.pdf#page=181 |title=Resultados – Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2005 |trans-title=Results – Population and Housing Census 2005 |page=184 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos |access-date=1 May 2021 |language=es |archive-date=3 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503004059/https://www.inide.gob.ni/docu/censos2005/VolPoblacion/Volumen%20Poblacion%201-4/Vol.I%20Poblacion-Caracteristicas%20Generales.pdf#page=181 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref15 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref>
|region16 = {{flag|Paraguay}}
| region16 = {{flag|Paraguay}}
|pop16 = 95,235
| pop16 = 140.039
| ref16 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.gov.py/censo2022/documentos/indigena/Resultados-Finales-Censo-Indigena.pdf#page=22 |title=Primeros Resultados Finales del IV Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas para Pueblos Indígenas 2022 |trans-title=First Final Results of the IV National Census of Population and Housing for Indigenous Peoples 2022 |page=22 |access-date=16 June 2024 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616073226/https://www.ine.gov.py/censo2022/documentos/indigena/Resultados-Finales-Censo-Indigena.pdf#page=22 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref16 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf |title=8 LIZCANO |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2014-05-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920172933/http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf |archivedate=20 September 2008 }}</ref>
|region17 = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| region17 = {{flag|Kosta Rika}}
|pop17 = s. 70,000
| pop17 = 104.143
| ref17 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inec.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/poblacion/estadisticas/resultados/resocialcenso2011-03.xls.xls |title=Población indígena por pertenencia a un pueblo indígena, según provincia y sexo |trans-title=Indigenous population by belonging to an indigenous people, according to province and sex |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos |format=XLS |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817033118/https://www.inec.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/poblacion/estadisticas/resultados/resocialcenso2011-03.xls.xls |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|ref17 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2008/08/09/info/1218307640_720352.html |title=Una comunidad indígena salvadoreña pide su reconocimiento constitucional en el país |publisher=soitu.es |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref>
|region18 = {{flag|Kosta Rika}}
| region18 = {{flag|Guyana}}
|pop18 = s. 114,000
| pop18 = 78.492
| ref18 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final_2012_Census_Compendium2.pdf#page=5 |title=Final 2012 Census Compendium 2 |page=5 |publisher=Bureau of Statistics |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=5 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105002255/https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final_2012_Census_Compendium2.pdf#page=5 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref18 = <ref name=CIArace>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html |title=Costa Rica: Ethnic groups |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref>
|region19 = {{flag|Guyana}}
| region19 = {{flag|Uruguay}}
|pop19 = s. 60,000
| pop19 = 76.452
| ref19 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.gub.uy/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=80122e2a-ce2e-490b-921a-618f74fd8141&groupId=10181 |title=Población por sexo y principal ascendencia étnico racial, según departamento |language=es |trans-title=Population by sex and main ethnic-racial ancestry, according to department |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |format=XLS |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119210956/https://www.ine.gub.uy/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=80122e2a-ce2e-490b-921a-618f74fd8141&groupId=10181 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|ref19 = <ref name=docs>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:itLprhZOdfkJ:www.nsi-ins.ca/english/pdf/guyana/guyana_exec_sum_spa.pdf+poblaci%C3%B3n+amerindia+en+Guayanas&hl=es&gl=es&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgnc8oF9vDDqn0LXQwm_IS0OdP5VLvwneoa4U-psMv3NzFO0x-V7hMYA6H4M7pvMLk5LgpQK-z9bC4HopJ3Yy1G-oC0a0BN1haAUfe3Samr0BDznq6Oj-d9QivhSDNl9stDM1lT&sig=AHIEtbQsGm8v4AMjIJfJsPxfya6efKUSxg Lector de Google Drive]. Docs.google.com. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref>
|region20 = {{flag|Greenland}}
| region20 = {{flag|Greenland}}
|pop20 = s. 51,000
| pop20 = 50.189
| ref20 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2020/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202020.pdf#page=37 |title=Greenland in Figures 2020 |page=37 |publisher=Statistics Greenland |access-date=3 May 2021 |archive-date=3 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503141619/https://stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2020/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202020.pdf#page=37 |url-status=live}} Corresponding to "Born in Greenland".</ref>
|ref20 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html The World Factbook]. Cia.gov. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref>
|region21 = {{flag|Belize}}
| region21 = {{flag|Belize}}
|pop21 = s. 24,501 (Maya)
| pop21 = 36.507
| ref21 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2010_Census_Report.pdf#page=37 |title=Population and Housing Census 2010 |page=20 |publisher=Statistical Institute of Belize |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105010930/https://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2010_Census_Report.pdf#page=37 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref21 = <ref>[http://celade.cepal.org/cgibin/RpWebEngine.exe/PortalAction?&MODE=MAIN&BASE=CPVBLZ2000&MAIN=WebServerMain.inl Redatam::CELADE, ECLAC - United Nations]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Celade.cepal.org. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref>
|region22 = {{flag|Guiana Perancis}}
| region22 = {{flag|Suriname}}
|pop22 = s. 19,000
| pop22 = 20.344
| ref22 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistics-suriname.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Publicatie-Census-8-Volume-1-Demografische-en-Sociale-Karakteristieken-en-Migratie.pdf#page=46|title=Demografische en Sociale Karakteristieken en Migratie|page=46|publisher=Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek|access-date=2021-05-02|language=nl|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503024406/https://statistics-suriname.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Publicatie-Census-8-Volume-1-Demografische-en-Sociale-Karakteristieken-en-Migratie.pdf#page=46|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref22 = <ref>[http://www.indigene.de/30.html?&L=2 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820071429/http://www.indigene.de/30.html?&L=2 |date=20 August 2011 }}</ref>
|region23 = {{flag|Suriname}}
| region23 = {{flag|Puerto Riko}}
|pop23 = s. 12,000–24,000
| pop23 = 19.839
| ref23 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://censo.estadisticas.pr/sites/default/files/Decenal/cph-1-53_Summary%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Characteristics.pdf#page=108|title=Puerto Rico: 2010 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics|page=90|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2022-01-30|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131040227/https://censo.estadisticas.pr/sites/default/files/Decenal/cph-1-53_Summary%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Characteristics.pdf#page=108|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref23 =
|region24 = {{flag|Trinidad dan Tobago}}
| region24 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of French Guiana.svg}} [[Guyana Prancis]]
|pop24 = 1,460
| pop24 = ~19.000
| ref24 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediaterre.org/actu,20200831192428,8.html|title=Les populations indigènes de la Guyane française : une mémoire environnementale essentielle à protéger|first=Mathilde|last=Aupetit|language=fr|access-date=2021-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503054145/https://www.mediaterre.org/actu,20200831192428,8.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ref24 = <ref>https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf | page 15</ref>
| region25 = {{flag|El Salvador}}
|languages = [[Rumpun bahasa Amerika asli]], [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Bahasa Spanyol|Spanyol]], [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]], [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]], [[Bahasa Denmark|Denmark]], [[Bahasa Belanda|Belanda]]
| pop25 = 13.310
|religions = {{plainlist|
| ref25 = <ref name="2007 El Salvador Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/biblioteca/CENSOS/CENAPOVI2007/Tomo_IV_Vol.I_Municipios_Caracteristicas_Generales.pdf#page=336|title=VI Censo de población y V de vivienda 2007|page=273|publisher=Dirección General de Estadística y Censos|access-date=2021-05-02|language=es|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220071530/http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/biblioteca/CENSOS/CENAPOVI2007/Tomo_IV_Vol.I_Municipios_Caracteristicas_Generales.pdf#page=336|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Agama Inuit]]
| region26 = {{flag|Saint Vincent dan Grenadines}}
*[[Agama Amerika asli]]
| pop26 = 3.280
*[[Kristen]]}}
| ref26 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.gov.vc/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Population-and-Housing-Census-Report-2012.pdf#page=39|page=28|title=Population and Housing Census Report 2012|publisher=Statistical Office|access-date=30 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124001032/https://stats.gov.vc/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Population-and-Housing-Census-Report-2012.pdf#page=39|url-status=live}}</ref>
|related =
| region27 = {{flag|Dominika}}
| pop27 = 2.576
| ref27 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.gov.dm/subjects/demographic-statistics/ethnic-groups-by-sex-1991-2001-and-2011/|title=Ethnic Groups by Sex 1991, 2001 and 2011|publisher=Central Statistics Office of Dominica|access-date=30 January 2022|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130234843/https://stats.gov.dm/subjects/demographic-statistics/ethnic-groups-by-sex-1991-2001-and-2011/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region28 = {{flag|Trinidad dan Tobago}}
| pop28 = 1.394
| ref28 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://cso.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2011-Demographic-Report.pdf#page=133|title=2011 Population and Housing Census Demographic Report|page=94|publisher=Central Statistical Office|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230013800/https://cso.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2011-Demographic-Report.pdf#page=133|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region29 = {{flag|Saint Lucia}}
| pop29 = 951
| ref29 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://redatam.org/binlca/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=PHC2010C&lang=ENG|title=2010 Housing and Population Census|publisher=The Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia|access-date=2023-10-12|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329070859/https://redatam.org/binlca/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=PHC2010C&lang=ENG|url-status=live}} To generate the report follow Population and Housing > Basic Characteristics > Person Variables, select Ethnic group and execute.</ref>
| region30 = {{flag|Antigua dan Barbuda}}
| pop30 = 327
| ref30 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistics.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Census-2011-Book-of-Statistical-Tables-I.pdf#page=77|title=2011 Population and Housing Census|page=64|publisher=Statistics Division|access-date=2023-10-10|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611145734/https://statistics.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Census-2011-Book-of-Statistical-Tables-I.pdf#page=77|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region31 = {{flag|Grenada}}
| pop31 = 162
| ref31 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.finance.gd/images/Censussubmissionfinal.pdf#page=7|title=Population and Housing Census 2011|publisher=Central Statistics Office|access-date=2021-05-30|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928132904/https://www.finance.gd/images/Censussubmissionfinal.pdf#page=7|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region32 = {{flag|Saint Kitts dan Nevis}}
| pop32 = 8
| ref32 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.kn/topics/demographic-social-statistics/population/population-by-ethnic-racial-or-national-group-2011/|title=Population by Ethnic, Racial or National Group, 2011|publisher=Department of Statistics, Ministry of Sustainable Development|access-date=29 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611011027/https://www.stats.gov.kn/topics/demographic-social-statistics/population/population-by-ethnic-racial-or-national-group-2011/|archive-date=11 June 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| languages = Berbagai [[Bahasa pribumi di Amerika|bahasa pribumi Amerika]] (yang masih ada ataupun punah)<br>
Bahasa Eropa non-asli:<br>[[Bahasa Spanyol|Spanyol]], [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]], [[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]], [[Bahasa Denmark|Denmark]], [[Bahasa Belanda|Belanda]], dan [[Bahasa Rusia|Rusia]] (dahulu di Alaska)
| religions = Sebagian besar [[Kekristenan]] ([[Gereja Katolik|Katolik]] dan [[Protestanisme|Protestan]])<br>Minoritas: berbagai [[Mitologi kelompok pribumi di Amerika|agama pribumi Amerika]]
| related = [[Métis]], [[Mestizo]], [[Zambo]], dan [[Pardo]]<br>Kerabat jauh dengan [[kelompok pribumi di Siberia]]
}}
}}
'''Kelompok pribumi di Amerika''' adalah beranekaragam kelompok manusia yang berasal dari suatu daerah tertentu, yang menghuni [[Amerika]] pada [[era pra-Kolumbus]], sebelum [[Kolonisasi Amerika oleh Eropa|kedatangan penjajah dari Eropa]] pada abad ke-15, serta kelompok etnik yang terus mengidentifikasi dengan kelompok-kelompok tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indigenous Peoples of North America |url=https://www.gale.com/c/indigenous-peoples-north-america-part-i |access-date=17 December 2023 |website=www.gale.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616005128/https://www.gale.com/c/indigenous-peoples-north-america-part-i |archive-date=16 June 2024}}</ref> Populasi-populasi menunjukkan keanekaragaman yang signifikan; beberapa [[kelompok pribumi]] secara historis adalah [[pemburu-pengumpul]], sedangkan yang lain mempraktikkan agrikultur dan [[aquakultur]]. Berbagai masyarakat pribumi mengembangkan struktor sosial yang kompleks, termasuk arsitektur monumen pra-kontak, kota-kota terorganisir, negara kota, [[chiefdom]], pemerintahan, kerajaan, republik, konfederasi, dan kekaisaran.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Graeber |first1=David |author1-link=David Graeber |last2=Wengrow |first2=David |author2-link=David Wengrow |title=The Dawn of Everything, A New History of Humanity |location=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |date=2001 |pages=346–358}}</ref> Masyarakat-masyarakat ini memiliki beragam tingkat pengetahuan dalam bidang rekayasa, arsitektur, matematika, astronomi, kepenulisan, fisika, pengobatan, agrikultur, irigasi, geologi, pertambangan, metalurgi, skulptur, dan pandai emas.
[[Berkas:Sra. Charo and the Qewar dollmakers.jpg|thumb|Wanita [[suku Quechua|Quechua]] di [[Andahuaylillas]], [[Peru]]]]
[[Berkas:Navajo Cowboy-1.jpg|thumb|right|Seorang pria [[suku Navajo|Navajo]] sedang menunggani kuda di [[lembah Monument]], [[Arizona]], [[Amerika Serikat]]]]
[[Berkas:Qamutik 1 1999-04-01.jpg|thumb|Beberapa [[orang Inuit]] di atas sebuah ''qamutik'' tradisional di [[Tanjung Dorset]], [[Nunavut]], [[Kanada]]]]


Kelompok-kelompok pribumi terus menghuni banyak daerah di Amerika, dengan populasi-populasi signifikan di negara [[Kelompok pribumi di Bolivia|Bolivia]], [[Kelompok pribumi di Kanada|Kanada]], [[Kelompok pribumi di Chili|Chili]], [[Kelompok pribumi di Kolombia|Kolombia]], [[Kelompok pribumi di Ekuador|Ekuador]], [[#Guatemala|Guatemala]], [[Kelompok pribumi di Meksiko|Meksiko]], [[Kelompok pribumi di Peru|Peru]], dan [[Pribumi Amerika di Amerika Serikat|Amerika Serikat]]. Terdapat setidaknya seribu [[Bahasa pribumi di Amerika|bahasa pribumi]] yang dituturkan di seluruh Amerika, dengan di A.S. saja terdapat 574 [[Daftar puak yang diakui secara federal di daratan utama Amerika Serikat|puak-puak yang diakui secara federal]]. Beberapa bahasa, antara lain adalah [[Bahasa Quechua|Quechua]], [[Bahasa Arawak|Arawak]], [[Bahasa Aymara|Aymara]], [[Bahasa Guarani|Guaraní]], [[Bahasa Maya|Maya]], dan [[Bahasa Nahuatl|Nahuatl]], memiliki jutaan penutur dan diakui sebagai bahasa resmi oleh pemerintah di Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, dan Greenland. Orang-orang pribumi, baik yang di pedesaan ataupun kawasan urban, seringkali mempertahankan aspek-aspek praktik kebudayaannya, termasuk praktik agama, [[organisasi sosial]], dan [[Ekonomi subsistensi|subsistensi]]. Sepanjang berjalannya waktu, budaya-budaya ini berevolusi, melestarikan tradisi sambil beradaptasi ke kebutuhan modern. Beberapa kelompok pribumi relatif masih terjaga dari [[budaya Barat]], dengan beberapa masih dianggap sebagai [[kelompok terpencil]].<ref name="mann">{{cite book |last=Mann |first=Charles C. |author-link=Charles C. Mann |year=2005 |title=1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-1-4000-4006-3 |oclc=56632601 |title-link=1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus}}</ref>
'''Penduduk asli Benua Amerika''' adalah suku bangsa [[pra-Kolumbia]] di [[benua Amerika]] dan para keturunannya.


Amerika juga menampung jutaan individu keturunan campuran pribumi, Eropa, dan kadangkala Afroka atau Asia, secara historis dirujuk sebagai [[Mestizo|mestizo]] di negara-negara berbahasa Spanyol.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marez |first1=Curtis |url=https://keywords.nyupress.org/american-cultural-studies/essay/mestizoa/ |title=Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Third Edition |date=2007 |publisher=[[NYU Press]] |editor1-last=Burgett |editor1-first=Bruce |chapter=Mestizo/a |editor2-last=Hendler |editor2-first=Glenn}}</ref><ref name="Mangan">{{cite journal |last1=Mangan |first1=Jane E. |date=30 June 2014 |title=Mestizos |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199730414/obo-9780199730414-0240.xml |journal=Atlantic History |doi=10.1093/obo/9780199730414-0240}}</ref> Di banyak negara-negara [[Amerika Latin]], orang keturunan sebagian pribumi menjadi mayoritas atau bagian besar dari populasi, terutama di [[Amerika Tengah]], Meksiko, Peru, Bolivia, Ekuador, Kolombia, Venezuela, Chili, dan Paraguay.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lizcano Fernández |first=Francisco |date=2004 |title=Las etnias centroamericanas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX |trans-title=Central American ethnic groups in the second half of the 20th century |url=https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/128/12891701.pdf |journal=Revista Mexicana del Caribe |volume=IX |issue=17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409031234/https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/128/12891701.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2024 |access-date=4 May 2011}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Lizcano Fernández |first=Francisco |date=August 2008 |title=Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI |trans-title=Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century |url=http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1405-14352005000200185&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es |journal=Convergencia |language=es |volume=12 |issue=38 |pages=185–232 |issn=1405-1435}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Oliveira |first1=Thais C. |last2=Secolin |first2=Rodrigo |last3=Lopes-Cendes |first3=Iscia |date=19 January 2023 |title=A review of ancestrality and admixture in Latin America and the caribbean focusing on native American and African descendant populations |journal=[[Frontiers in Genetics]] |language=en |volume=14 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2023.1091269 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=9893294 |pmid=36741309 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Orang mestizo jumlahnya lebih banyak daripada kelompok-kelompok pribumi di sebagian besar negara-negara berbahasa Spanyol, berdasarkan estimasi identifikasi budaya etnik. Namun, karena komunitas-komunitas pribumi di Amerika ditentukan oleh [[identifikasi budaya]] dan [[kekerabatan]] daripada garis keturunan atau [[Ras manusia|ras]], orang mestizo biasanya tidak dihitung ke dalam populasi pribumi kecuali mereka menuturkan sebuah bahasa pribumi atau mengidentifikasi dengan budaya pribumi tertentu.<ref name="Bartolomé 1996:2">Bartolomé (1996:2)</ref> Selain daripada itu, banyak individu yang sepenuhnya keturunan pribumi yang tidak mengikuti tradisi pribumi atau tidak menuturkan sebuah bahasa pribumi telah diklasifikasi atau mengidentifikasi diri sebagai mestizo akibat asimilasi ke dalam [[budaya Hispanik]] yang dominan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, populasi pribumi melalui identifikasi diri di banyak negara mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan semakin maraknya gerakan pribumi yang memperjuangkan [[penentuan nasib sendiri]] dan [[keadilan sosial]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Varieties of Indigeneity in the Americas |url=https://sociology.stanford.edu/sites/sociology/files/tellestorche19_varieties_indigenous_ethnicity_americas.pdf |website=[[Stanford University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701144550/https://sociology.stanford.edu/sites/sociology/files/tellestorche19_varieties_indigenous_ethnicity_americas.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2024}}</ref>
''Indígenas'' atau ''pueblos indígenas'' (artinya "penduduk pribumi") adalah sebuah istilah umum di [[negara-negara pemakai bahasa Spanyol]], dan ''pueblos nativos'' atau ''nativos'' (artinya "penduduk asli" dalam esensi keturunan non-imigran) merupakan sebutan umum di [[Chili]], sementara ''aborigen'' (aborigin) digunakan di [[Argentina]], dan ''pueblos aborígenes'' (penduduk aborigin) adalah kata umum di [[Chili]]. Istilah "Amerindian" (kependekan dari "'orang Indian di Amerika)" digunakan di [[Quebec]], [[Guiana]], dan [[Karibia Persemakmuran|Karibia pemakai bahasa Inggris]].<ref>[http://www.survivalinternational.org/info/terminology "Terminology."] ''Survival International.'' Retrieved 30 March 2012. [http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=aborigen "Aborigen"] ''Diccionario de la Real Academia Española''. Retrieved 8 February 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Tracing Our Amerindian Heritage|url = http://www2.sta.uwi.edu/pelican/exclusives/oex_3.asp|website = www2.sta.uwi.edu|access-date = 2016-02-10|last = Reid|first = Basil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = The Abbreviated History Of Barbados|url = http://www.barbados.org/history1.htm|website = www.barbados.org|access-date = 2016-02-10|first = Barbados.org Travel|last = Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = diGJamaica :: Amerindian Jamaica|url = http://www.digjamaica.com/amerindian_jamaica|website = diGJamaica.com|access-date = 2016-02-10|first = Unique Media Design|last = Limited}}</ref> Penduduk asli umumnya dikenal di [[Kanada]] sebagai [[orang aborigin di Kanada|orang aborigin]], yang tak hanya meluputi [[Bangsa-Bangsa Pertama]] dan [[Inuit]] Arktik, namun juga populasi minoritas ras belasteran Bangsa Pertama-Eropa [[suku Métis (Kanada)|suku Métis]]<ref name=Canada>{{cite web|url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp|title=Terminology|work=Indian and Northern Affairs Canada| accessdate=11 November 2009 |quote= The [[Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982|Canadian Constitution]] recognizes three groups of Aboriginal people&nbsp;— Indians (First Nations), Métis and Inuit. These separate peoples have unique heritages, languages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs}}</ref>


== Catatan ==
==Referensi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


== Sumber ==
==Pranala luar==
{{Commons and category|Native Americans|Indigenous peoples of the Americas}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Gaskins | first1 = S. | year = 1999 | title = Children's daily lives in a Mayan village: A case study of culturally constructed roles and activities | url = | journal = Children's engagement in the world: Sociocultural perspectives | volume = | issue = | pages = 25–61 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Nimmo | first1 = J. | year = 2008 | title = Young children's access to real life: An examination of the growing boundaries between children in child care and adults in the community | url = | journal = Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood | volume = 9 | issue = 1| pages = 3–13 | doi=10.2304/ciec.2008.9.1.3}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Morelli | first1 = G. | last2 = Rogoff | first2 = B. | last3 = Angelillo | first3 = C. | year = 2003 | title = Cultural variation in young children's access to work or involvement in specialised child-focused activities | url = | journal = International Journal of Behavioral Development | volume = 27 | issue = 3| pages = 264–274 | doi=10.1080/01650250244000335}}
* Woodhead, M. (1998). Children's perspectives on their working lives: A participatory study in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, the Philippines, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Rogoff | first1 = B. | last2 = Morelli | first2 = G. A. | last3 = Chavajay | first3 = P. | year = 2010 | title = Children's Integration in Communities and Segregation From People of Differing Ages | url = | journal = Perspectives on Psychological Science | volume = 5 | issue = 4| pages = 431–440 | doi=10.1177/1745691610375558}}
* Gaskins, S. (2006). 13 The Cultural Organization of Yucatec Mayan Children's Social Interactions. Peer relationships in cultural context, 283.

=== Buku ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = König | first1 = Eva | title =Indianer 1858-1928, Photographische Reisen von Alaska bis Feuerland| year = 2002 | publisher = Edition Braus| location = Museum für Volkerkunde Hamburg | isbn = 3-89904-021-X}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Cappel | first1 = Constance | title =The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: The History of a Native American People| year = 2007 | publisher = Edwin Mellen Press | location = Lewiston, N.Y. | isbn = 978-0-7734-5220-6 |oclc=175217515}}
* {{Cite book | last=Cappel | first=Constance,(editor) | title=Odawa Language and Legends: Andrew J. Blackbird and Raymond Kiogima | publisher=Xlibris| year= 2006 | isbn=1-59926-920-1}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Churchill | first1 = Ward | author1-link = Ward Churchill | title = A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/?id=QXRyTRavzK4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+Little+Matter+of+Genocide:+Holocaust+and+Denial+in+the+Americas,+1492+to+the+Present#v=onepage&q=| year = 1997 | publisher = City Lights Books | location = San Francisco | isbn = 978-0-87286-323-1 |oclc=35029491}}
* {{Cite book |last1= Dean|first1= Bartholomew|chapter=State Power and Indigenous Peoples in Peruvian Amazonia: A Lost Decade, 1990–2000|editor1-first= David|editor1-last= Maybury-Lewis|editor1-link=David Maybury-Lewis | title = The Politics of Ethnicity: Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States|series=David Rockefeller Center series on Latin American studies, [[Harvard University]]|volume= 9| year = 2002 | publisher = Harvard University/David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies | location = Cambridge, Mass. | isbn = 0-674-00964-9 |oclc=427474742| pages = 199–238}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Dean | first1 = Bartholomew | last2 = Levi | first2 = Jerome M. | title = At the Risk of Being Heard: Identity, Indigenous Rights, and Postcolonial States |url=https://books.google.com/?id=ESutGButMOAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=At+the+Risk+of+Being+Heard:+Identity,+Indigenous+Rights,+and+Postcolonial+States#v=onepage&q=| year = 2003 | publisher = [[University of Michigan Press]] | location = Ann Arbor | isbn = 978-0-472-09736-4 | oclc =50841012}}
* {{cite journal |last=Dean |first=Bartholomew |date=January 2006 |title=Salt of the Mountain: Campa Asháninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle (review)|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the_americas/v062/62.3dean.html |journal=The Americas |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=464–466 |issn=0003-1615 |doi=10.1353/tam.2006.0013}}
* {{cite journal |last=Kane |first=Katie |year=1999 |title=Nits Make Lice: Drogheda, Sand Creek, and the Poetics of Colonial Extermination |journal=Cultural Critique |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=81–103 |issn=0882-4371 |doi=10.2307/1354592 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |jstor=1354592}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Krech | first1 = Shepard III| title =The Ecological Indian: Myth and History| year = 1999 | publisher= [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = New York|url=https://books.google.com/?id=on7tKuPdlaMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Ecological+Indian:+Myth+and+History#v=onepage&q= | isbn = 978-0-393-04755-4 | oclc =318358852}}
* {{Cite book | last1 = Varese | first1 = Stefano | last2 = Ribeiro | first2 = Darcy | author2-link = Darcy Ribeiro | title =Salt of the Mountain: Campa Ashaninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle| year = 2004 |origyear= 2002| publisher = University of Oklahoma Press | location = Norman |others= trans. Susan Giersbach Rascón|url=https://books.google.com/?id=NCXw6o3YaMkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Salt+of+the+Mountain:+Campa+Ashaninka+History+and+Resistance+in+the+Peruvian+Jungle#v=onepage&q=| isbn = 0-8061-3512-3 |oclc=76909908}}
{{Refend}}

== Bacaan tambahan ==
* Hamilton, Charles (ed) (1950). ''Cry of the Thunderbird; the American Indian's own story''. New York: Macmillan Company

== Pranala luar ==
{{commons+cat|Native Americans|Indigenous peoples of the Americas}}
{{NIE Poster|Indians, American|American Indians}}
{{NIE Poster|Indians, American|American Indians}}
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/stoneage/ Para Pengelana Zaman Batu Amerika], dari ''[[Nova (seri televisi Amerika Serikat)|Nova]]'' oleh [[PBS]]
* [http://ncidc.org/california-information-native-americans "Information About California Tribes"] Northern California Indian Development Council
* [http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/archeo/hnpc/npint00e.shtml Sejarah Kelompok Pribumi Kanada] dari [[Canadian Museum of Civilization]]
* [http://cogweb.ucla.edu/Chumash/EntryDate.html The Peopling of the American Continents], ''Early California History''
* [http://pib.socioambiental.org/en Indigenous Peoples in Brazil. Instituto Socioambiental (ISA)]
* [http://pib.socioambiental.org/en Kelompok Pribumi di Brasil] dari Instituto Socioambiental (ISA)
* [http://www.nmai.si.edu/ Situs web resmi] [[National Museum of the American Indian]], bagian dari [[Smithsonian Institution]]
* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/stoneage/megafauna.html America's Stone Age explorers], ''[[PBS]] [[Nova (TV series)|Nova]]''
* {{cite EB1911 |last=Chamberlain |first=Alexander Francis |author-link=Alexander Francis Chamberlain |wstitle=Indians, North American |short=x}}
* [http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/archeo/hnpc/npint00e.shtml A history of Native people of Canada - The Canadian Museum of Civilization]''
* [http://native-land.net Native Land] An interactive website mapping First Nations territories, languages, and treaties in North America.
* {{Cite EB1911 |last=Chamberlain |first=Alexander Francis |authorlink=Alexander Francis Chamberlain |wstitle=Indians, North American |short=x}}
* [http://www.espejodelperu.com.pe/Poblacion-del-Peru/Composicion-etnica-del-Peru.htm Composición Étnica del Perú]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Kategori:Kelompok etnis di Amerika]]
[[Category:Kelompok pribumi di Amerika| ]]
[[Category:Sistem kasta Amerika Latin]]
[[Category:Orang kulit berwarna]]
[[Category:Kelompok etnik menurut daerah]]

Revisi terkini sejak 31 Agustus 2024 18.57

Kelompok pribumi di Amerika
Persebaran kelompok pribumi di Amerika saat ini
Jumlah populasi
Kira-kira 62 juta
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
 Meksiko11,8 - 23,2 juta[1][2]
 Amerika Serikat3,7 - 9,6 juta[3]
 Guatemala6,4 juta[4]
 Peru5,9 juta[5]
 Bolivia4,1 juta[6]
 Chili2,1 juta[7]
 Kolombia1,9 juta[8]
 Kanada1,8 juta[9]
 Brasil1,7 juta[10]
 Argentina1,3 juta[11]
 Ekuador1,3 juta[12]
 Venezuela724.592[13]
 Panama698.114[14]
 Honduras601.019[15]
 Nikaragua443.847[16]
 Paraguay140.039[17]
 Kosta Rika104.143[18]
 Guyana78.492[19]
 Uruguay76.452[20]
 Greenland50.189[21]
 Belize36.507[22]
 Suriname20.344[23]
 Puerto Riko19.839[24]
Guyana Prancis~19.000[25]
 El Salvador13.310[26]
 Saint Vincent dan Grenadines3.280[27]
 Dominika2.576[28]
 Trinidad dan Tobago1.394[29]
 Saint Lucia951[30]
 Antigua dan Barbuda327[31]
 Grenada162[32]
 Saint Kitts dan Nevis8[33]
Bahasa
Berbagai bahasa pribumi Amerika (yang masih ada ataupun punah)
Bahasa Eropa non-asli:
Spanyol, Inggris, Portugis, Prancis, Denmark, Belanda, dan Rusia (dahulu di Alaska)
Agama
Sebagian besar Kekristenan (Katolik dan Protestan)
Minoritas: berbagai agama pribumi Amerika
Kelompok etnik terkait
Métis, Mestizo, Zambo, dan Pardo
Kerabat jauh dengan kelompok pribumi di Siberia

Kelompok pribumi di Amerika adalah beranekaragam kelompok manusia yang berasal dari suatu daerah tertentu, yang menghuni Amerika pada era pra-Kolumbus, sebelum kedatangan penjajah dari Eropa pada abad ke-15, serta kelompok etnik yang terus mengidentifikasi dengan kelompok-kelompok tersebut.[34] Populasi-populasi menunjukkan keanekaragaman yang signifikan; beberapa kelompok pribumi secara historis adalah pemburu-pengumpul, sedangkan yang lain mempraktikkan agrikultur dan aquakultur. Berbagai masyarakat pribumi mengembangkan struktor sosial yang kompleks, termasuk arsitektur monumen pra-kontak, kota-kota terorganisir, negara kota, chiefdom, pemerintahan, kerajaan, republik, konfederasi, dan kekaisaran.[35] Masyarakat-masyarakat ini memiliki beragam tingkat pengetahuan dalam bidang rekayasa, arsitektur, matematika, astronomi, kepenulisan, fisika, pengobatan, agrikultur, irigasi, geologi, pertambangan, metalurgi, skulptur, dan pandai emas.

Kelompok-kelompok pribumi terus menghuni banyak daerah di Amerika, dengan populasi-populasi signifikan di negara Bolivia, Kanada, Chili, Kolombia, Ekuador, Guatemala, Meksiko, Peru, dan Amerika Serikat. Terdapat setidaknya seribu bahasa pribumi yang dituturkan di seluruh Amerika, dengan di A.S. saja terdapat 574 puak-puak yang diakui secara federal. Beberapa bahasa, antara lain adalah Quechua, Arawak, Aymara, Guaraní, Maya, dan Nahuatl, memiliki jutaan penutur dan diakui sebagai bahasa resmi oleh pemerintah di Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, dan Greenland. Orang-orang pribumi, baik yang di pedesaan ataupun kawasan urban, seringkali mempertahankan aspek-aspek praktik kebudayaannya, termasuk praktik agama, organisasi sosial, dan subsistensi. Sepanjang berjalannya waktu, budaya-budaya ini berevolusi, melestarikan tradisi sambil beradaptasi ke kebutuhan modern. Beberapa kelompok pribumi relatif masih terjaga dari budaya Barat, dengan beberapa masih dianggap sebagai kelompok terpencil.[36]

Amerika juga menampung jutaan individu keturunan campuran pribumi, Eropa, dan kadangkala Afroka atau Asia, secara historis dirujuk sebagai mestizo di negara-negara berbahasa Spanyol.[37][38] Di banyak negara-negara Amerika Latin, orang keturunan sebagian pribumi menjadi mayoritas atau bagian besar dari populasi, terutama di Amerika Tengah, Meksiko, Peru, Bolivia, Ekuador, Kolombia, Venezuela, Chili, dan Paraguay.[39][40][41] Orang mestizo jumlahnya lebih banyak daripada kelompok-kelompok pribumi di sebagian besar negara-negara berbahasa Spanyol, berdasarkan estimasi identifikasi budaya etnik. Namun, karena komunitas-komunitas pribumi di Amerika ditentukan oleh identifikasi budaya dan kekerabatan daripada garis keturunan atau ras, orang mestizo biasanya tidak dihitung ke dalam populasi pribumi kecuali mereka menuturkan sebuah bahasa pribumi atau mengidentifikasi dengan budaya pribumi tertentu.[42] Selain daripada itu, banyak individu yang sepenuhnya keturunan pribumi yang tidak mengikuti tradisi pribumi atau tidak menuturkan sebuah bahasa pribumi telah diklasifikasi atau mengidentifikasi diri sebagai mestizo akibat asimilasi ke dalam budaya Hispanik yang dominan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, populasi pribumi melalui identifikasi diri di banyak negara mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan semakin maraknya gerakan pribumi yang memperjuangkan penentuan nasib sendiri dan keadilan sosial.[43]

Referensi

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  1. ^ "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020: Presentación de resultados" [Population and Housing Census 2020: Presentation of results] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. hlm. 49. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 24 January 2022. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2022. Note: Indigenous population was identified as the total population in households where the head of the household, his or her spouse or any of their ascendants claimed to speak an Indigenous language. 
  2. ^ "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020: Resultados complementarios" [2020 Population and Housing Census: Supplementary results] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. hlm. 27. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 January 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2022.  It was estimated that 19.41% of population aged 3 years and older considered themselves to be Indigenous.
  3. ^ "2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". United States Census Bureau.  The American Indian and Alaska Native population of one race was 3.7 million and the two or more races population 5.9 million (excluding Puerto Rico).
  4. ^ "Principales Resultados del Censo 2018" [Main Results of the 2018 Census] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. hlm. 10. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 29 April 2021. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2021.  Sum of people who identify as Maya (6,207,503) and Xinka (264,167).
  5. ^ "Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico" [Peru: Sociodemographic Profile] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. hlm. 214. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 11 February 2020. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2021.  Sum of population aged 12 years and older who identify as Quechua (5,176,809), Aimara (548,292), Native or Indigenous from the Amazon (79,266), Ashaninka (55,489), Part of another Indigenous or originary peoples (49,838), Awajun (37,690) and Shipibo Konibo (25,222).
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  14. ^ "Población indígena en la República, por sexo, según provincia, comarca indígena, grupo indígena al que pertenece y grupos de edad: Censo 2023" [Indigenous population in the Republic, by sex, by province, indigenous region, indigenous group to which it belongs and age groups: 2023 Census] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 June 2024. Diakses tanggal 14 June 2024. 
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  18. ^ "Población indígena por pertenencia a un pueblo indígena, según provincia y sexo" [Indigenous population by belonging to an indigenous people, according to province and sex]. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (XLS) tanggal 17 August 2021. Diakses tanggal 2 May 2021. 
  19. ^ "Final 2012 Census Compendium 2" (PDF). Bureau of Statistics. hlm. 5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 5 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 2 May 2021. 
  20. ^ "Población por sexo y principal ascendencia étnico racial, según departamento" [Population by sex and main ethnic-racial ancestry, according to department] (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (XLS) tanggal 19 January 2022. Diakses tanggal 2 May 2021. 
  21. ^ "Greenland in Figures 2020" (PDF). Statistics Greenland. hlm. 37. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 3 May 2021. Diakses tanggal 3 May 2021.  Corresponding to "Born in Greenland".
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  30. ^ "2010 Housing and Population Census". The Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 March 2023. Diakses tanggal 2023-10-12.  To generate the report follow Population and Housing > Basic Characteristics > Person Variables, select Ethnic group and execute.
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  40. ^ Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (August 2008). "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" [Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century]. Convergencia (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 12 (38): 185–232. ISSN 1405-1435. 
  41. ^ De Oliveira, Thais C.; Secolin, Rodrigo; Lopes-Cendes, Iscia (19 January 2023). "A review of ancestrality and admixture in Latin America and the caribbean focusing on native American and African descendant populations". Frontiers in Genetics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 14. doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1091269 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. ISSN 1664-8021. PMC 9893294 alt=Dapat diakses gratis Periksa nilai |pmc= (bantuan). PMID 36741309 Periksa nilai |pmid= (bantuan). 
  42. ^ Bartolomé (1996:2)
  43. ^ "Varieties of Indigeneity in the Americas" (PDF). Stanford University. 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 1 July 2024. 

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