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Koordinat: 27°35′N 77°42′E / 27.58°N 77.7°E / 27.58; 77.7
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Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
{{Infobox settlement
|native_name = Vrindavan |
| name = Vrindavan
| other_name = Vrindaban, Brindaban
type = city |
| nicknames = Kota Janda
latd = 27.58 | longd = 77.7
| settlement_type = [[Kota]]
|locator_position = right |
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
state_name = Uttar Pradesh
| photo1a = Iskon Temple, Vrindawan.jpg
|district = [[Distrik Mathura|Mathura]]
| photo1b = Madanmohan Mandir Vrindavan.JPG
|leader_title =
| photo2a = Radha Damodar Temple.JPG
|leader_name =
| photo2b = Radhavallabhlalj.jpg
|altitude = 170
| photo3a = Prem Mandir Vrindavan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (2014).jpg
|population_as_of = 2001
| spacing = 2
|population_total = 56618|
| position = center
population_density =
| color_border = white
|area_magnitude= sq. km
| color = black
|area_total =
| size = 266
|area_telephone =
| foot_montage = '''Searah jarum jam dari atas:'''
|postal_code =
Kuil ISKCON, Kuil Radha Madanmohan, Kuil Radha Damodar, Kuil Radha Vallabh, Prem Mandir}}
|vehicle_code_range =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
|sex_ratio =
| pushpin_map_alt =
|unlocode =
| pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di Uttar Pradesh, India
|website =
| pushpin_label_position = right
|footnotes =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.58|N|77.7|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara berdaulat|Negara]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Pembagian administratif India|Negara Bagian]]
| subdivision_type2 = Distrik
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = Mathura
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Perusahaan Kota
| governing_body = Perusahaan Kota Mathura-Vrindavan
| leader_title = [[Walikota]]
| leader_name = Vinod Agarwal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etnownews.com/news/live-mathura-vrindavan-mayor-election-result-2023-counting-news-online-latest-updates-vinod-agarwal-bjp-raja-mohtasim-ahmed-bsp-liveblog-100204223|title=BJP's mayoral candidate from Mathura Vinod Agarwal wins|date=13 May 2023|work=ET Now News|access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref>
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 170
| population_total = 63,005
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Vrindavan wasi
| demographics_type1 = Bahasa
| demographics1_title1 = Resmi
| timezone1 = [[Waktu Standar India|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 281121
| area_code = 0565
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-85
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title3 = Daerah
| demographics1_info3 = Braj Bhasha
}}
}}
'''Vrindavan''' {{IAST3|Vṛndāvana}}), juga dieja '''Vrindaban''' dan '''Brindaban''',<ref name=":0" /> adalah kota bersejarah di distrik Mathura [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Terletak di wilayah [[Braj]] dan memiliki makna keagamaan bagi umat Hindu yang percaya bahwa [[Krishna]], salah satu dewa utama dalam [[Hinduisme]], menghabiskan sebagian besar masa kecilnya di kota ini.<ref name="Hawley">{{cite book |surname=Hawley |given=John Stratton |title=Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century |url=https://archive.org/details/krishnasplaygrou0000hawl |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-19-012398-7 |place=Oxford; New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UP gets first officially designated 'teerth sthals' in Vrindavan and Barsana|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/up-gets-first-officially-designated-teerth-sthals-in-vrindavan-and-barsana/articleshow/61277272.cms|date=27 October 2017|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="route">{{cite web |title=NHAI |url=http://www.nhai.org/NH2_Delhi_Kolkata_main.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204065036/http://www.nhai.org/NH2_Delhi_Kolkata_main.htm |archive-date=4 December 2016 |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Keene|first=Henry George|author-link=Henry George Keene (1826–1915)|title=A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookforvis00keengoog#page/n113/mode/1up|chapter=Bindrabun|date=1899|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co.|pages=98–106}}</ref> Vrindavan memiliki sekitar 5.500 kuil yang didedikasikan untuk pemujaan terhadap Krishna dan permaisuri utamanya, [[Radha]].<ref name="Madan">{{cite book |last=Gopal |first=Madan |url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada |title=India through the ages |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |year=1990 |editor=K.S. Gautam |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/176 176]}}</ref> Ini adalah salah satu tempat paling sakral untuk tradisi [[Waisnawa]].<ref name="Hawley" /><ref name="Madan" />
'''Vrindavan''' ({{lang-hi|वृन्दावन}}) (ejaan lain: '''Vrindaban''', '''Brindavan''', '''Brindavana''', atau '''Brundavan'''), juga dikenal dengan nama '''Vraj''', adalah kota yang terletak di [[distrik Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Dahulu Vrindavan adalah hutan kuno tempat [[Kresna]] menghabiskan masa kecilnya.


Vrindavan merupakan bagian dari "sirkuit ziarah Krishna" yang sedang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Pariwisata India. Sirkuit ini juga mencakup [[Mathura]], [[Barsana]], [[Gokul]], [[Govardhan]], [[Kurukshetra]], [[Dwaraka (kota)|Dwaraka]] dan [[Puri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Development of Ramayana and Krishna Circuits |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1513307 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=G. |title=Oxford Art Online |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t090249 |chapter=Vrindavan |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=Oxford Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t090249 |isbn=978-1-884446-05-4 }}</ref>
Kota ini terletak sejauh 15&nbsp;km dari [[Mathura]], tempat kelahiran Kresna. Di Vrindavan terdapat ratusan kuil yang dibangun untuk menyembah [[Radha]] dan Kresna.

== Geografi ==
=== Iklim ===
{{Weather box
| location = Mathura (1981–2010, ekstrim 1974–1995)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 29.6
| Feb record high C = 34.1
| Mar record high C = 40.1
| Apr record high C = 45.1
| May record high C = 47.1
| Jun record high C = 47.6
| Jul record high C = 44.6
| Aug record high C = 42.7
| Sep record high C = 40.6
| Oct record high C = 42.1
| Nov record high C = 35.1
| Dec record high C = 30.1
| year record high C = 47.6
| Jan high C = 21.3
| Feb high C = 24.4
| Mar high C = 30.4
| Apr high C = 36.6
| May high C = 41.2
| Jun high C = 41.2
| Jul high C = 36.1
| Aug high C = 34.6
| Sep high C = 34.2
| Oct high C = 33.3
| Nov high C = 29.1
| Dec high C = 23.3
| year high C = 32.1
| Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb low C = 8.3
| Mar low C = 13.2
| Apr low C = 17.9
| May low C = 23.9
| Jun low C = 25.9
| Jul low C = 25.5
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 23.5
| Oct low C = 18.3
| Nov low C = 11.6
| Dec low C = 7.7
| year low C = 17.3
| Jan record low C = 1.0
| Feb record low C = 0.5
| Mar record low C = 5.0
| Apr record low C = 7.0
| May record low C = 8.5
| Jun record low C = 17.0
| Jul record low C = 11.5
| Aug record low C = 17.5
| Sep record low C = 17.6
| Oct record low C = 11.5
| Nov record low C = 4.0
| Dec record low C = 2.0
| year record low C = 0.5
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 10.4
| Feb rain mm = 13.6
| Mar rain mm = 6.8
| Apr rain mm = 10.1
| May rain mm = 17.8
| Jun rain mm = 35.5
| Jul rain mm = 164.7
| Aug rain mm = 205.2
| Sep rain mm = 105.0
| Oct rain mm = 18.0
| Nov rain mm = 3.9
| Dec rain mm = 9.0
| year rain mm = 600.1
| Jan rain days = 0.9
| Feb rain days = 1.3
| Mar rain days = 1.0
| Apr rain days = 0.9
| May rain days = 1.5
| Jun rain days = 3.0
| Jul rain days = 9.0
| Aug rain days = 9.1
| Sep rain days = 4.9
| Oct rain days = 0.9
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 1.1
| year rain days = 33.9
| time day = 17:30 [[Waktu Standar India|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 65
| Feb humidity = 59
| Mar humidity = 53
| Apr humidity = 48
| May humidity = 39
| Jun humidity = 43
| Jul humidity = 67
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 71
| Oct humidity = 63
| Nov humidity = 56
| Dec humidity = 60
| year humidity = 58
| source 1 = [[Departemen Meteorologi India]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Mathura Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 481–482
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M220
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref>
}}

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{wikitravel}}
* {{wikivoyage|Vrindavan}}
* [http://www.vrindavandham.com Vrindavandham.com : Connect with the spirit of Braj]
* [http://www.vrindavandham.com Vrindavandham.com: Connect with the spirit of Braj]
* [http://www.vrindavan-dham.com Sri Vrindavan-dham]
* [http://www.vrindavan-dham.com Sri Vrindavan-dham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212104816/http://www.vrindavan-dham.com/ |date=2019-12-12 }}
* [http://www.fflvrindavan.org Food for Life Vrindavan]
* [http://www.fflvrindavan.org Food for Life Vrindavan]
* [http://www.fov.org.uk/ Friends of Vrindavan]
* [http://www.fov.org.uk/ Friends of Vrindavan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116001713/http://www.fov.org.uk/ |date=2011-01-16 }}
* [http://mathuravrindavan.com/ Mathura & Vrindavan]
* [http://mathuravrindavan.com/ Mathura & Vrindavan]
* [http://www.radhavallabh.com/vrindavan.html Guide tour to Vrindavan and its allied temples]
* [http://www.radhavallabh.com/vrindavan.html Guide tour to Vrindavan and its allied temples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429221853/http://www.radhavallabh.com/vrindavan.html |date=2008-04-29 }}
* [http://www.shaktipeethas.org/vrindavan-map-t91.html Vrindavan map] Also shows parikrama marg
* [http://www.shaktipeethas.org/vrindavan-map-t91.html Vrindavan map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304130356/http://www.shaktipeethas.org/vrindavan-map-t91.html |date=2010-03-04 }} Also shows parikrama marg

{{negara-geo-stub|India}}


[[Kategori:Kresna]]
[[Kategori:Kresna]]
Baris 43: Baris 208:
[[Kategori:Kota India Kuno]]
[[Kategori:Kota India Kuno]]



[[bpy:বৃন্দাবন]]
{{negara-geo-stub|India}}
[[de:Vrindavan]]
[[en:Vrindavan]]
[[es:Vrindavan]]
[[fi:Vrindavan]]
[[fr:Vrindavan]]
[[gu:વૃંદાવન]]
[[hi:वृन्दावन]]
[[it:Vrindavan]]
[[kn:ವೃಂದಾವನ]]
[[ko:브린다반]]
[[mg:Vrindavan]]
[[ml:വൃന്ദാവനം]]
[[mr:वृंदावन]]
[[ms:Vrindavan]]
[[ne:वृन्दावन]]
[[new:वृन्दावन]]
[[or:ବୃନ୍ଦାବନ]]
[[pl:Vrindavan]]
[[pt:Vrindavan]]
[[ru:Вриндавана]]
[[ta:பிருந்தாவனம்]]
[[te:వ్రిందావన్]]
[[uk:Вріндаван]]
[[vi:Vrindavan]]
[[zh:沃林达文]]

Revisi terkini sejak 18 September 2024 02.25

Vrindavan
Vrindaban, Brindaban
Kota
Searah jarum jam dari atas: Kuil ISKCON, Kuil Radha Madanmohan, Kuil Radha Damodar, Kuil Radha Vallabh, Prem Mandir
Julukan: 
Kota Janda
Vrindavan di Uttar Pradesh
Vrindavan
Vrindavan
Lokasi di Uttar Pradesh, India
Vrindavan di India
Vrindavan
Vrindavan
Vrindavan (India)
Koordinat: 27°35′N 77°42′E / 27.58°N 77.7°E / 27.58; 77.7
Negara India
Negara BagianUttar Pradesh
DistrikMathura
Pemerintahan
 • JenisPerusahaan Kota
 • BadanPerusahaan Kota Mathura-Vrindavan
 • WalikotaVinod Agarwal[1] (BJP)
Ketinggian
170 m (560 ft)
Populasi
 (2011)[2]
 • Total63.005
DemonimVrindavan wasi
Bahasa
 • ResmiHindi
 • DaerahBraj Bhasha
Zona waktuUTC+05:30 (IST)
PIN
281121
Kode area telepon0565
Pelat kendaraanUP-85

Vrindavan IAST: Vṛndāvana), juga dieja Vrindaban dan Brindaban,[3] adalah kota bersejarah di distrik Mathura Uttar Pradesh, India. Terletak di wilayah Braj dan memiliki makna keagamaan bagi umat Hindu yang percaya bahwa Krishna, salah satu dewa utama dalam Hinduisme, menghabiskan sebagian besar masa kecilnya di kota ini.[4][5][6][7] Vrindavan memiliki sekitar 5.500 kuil yang didedikasikan untuk pemujaan terhadap Krishna dan permaisuri utamanya, Radha.[8] Ini adalah salah satu tempat paling sakral untuk tradisi Waisnawa.[4][8]

Vrindavan merupakan bagian dari "sirkuit ziarah Krishna" yang sedang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Pariwisata India. Sirkuit ini juga mencakup Mathura, Barsana, Gokul, Govardhan, Kurukshetra, Dwaraka dan Puri.[9][10]

Geografi

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Iklim

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Data iklim Mathura (1981–2010, ekstrim 1974–1995)
Bulan Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Agt Sep Okt Nov Des Tahun
Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) 29.6
(85.3) 		34.1
(93.4) 		40.1
(104.2) 		45.1
(113.2) 		47.1
(116.8) 		47.6
(117.7) 		44.6
(112.3) 		42.7
(108.9) 		40.6
(105.1) 		42.1
(107.8) 		35.1
(95.2) 		30.1
(86.2) 		47.6
(117.7)
Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) 21.3
(70.3) 		24.4
(75.9) 		30.4
(86.7) 		36.6
(97.9) 		41.2
(106.2) 		41.2
(106.2) 		36.1
(97) 		34.6
(94.3) 		34.2
(93.6) 		33.3
(91.9) 		29.1
(84.4) 		23.3
(73.9) 		32.1
(89.8)
Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5) 		8.3
(46.9) 		13.2
(55.8) 		17.9
(64.2) 		23.9
(75) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.0
(77) 		23.5
(74.3) 		18.3
(64.9) 		11.6
(52.9) 		7.7
(45.9) 		17.3
(63.1)
Rekor terendah °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		0.5
(32.9) 		5.0
(41) 		7.0
(44.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		17.0
(62.6) 		11.5
(52.7) 		17.5
(63.5) 		17.6
(63.7) 		11.5
(52.7) 		4.0
(39.2) 		2.0
(35.6) 		0.5
(32.9)
Curah hujan mm (inci) 10.4
(0.409) 		13.6
(0.535) 		6.8
(0.268) 		10.1
(0.398) 		17.8
(0.701) 		35.5
(1.398) 		164.7
(6.484) 		205.2
(8.079) 		105.0
(4.134) 		18.0
(0.709) 		3.9
(0.154) 		9.0
(0.354) 		600.1
(23.626)
Rata-rata hari hujan 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.5 3.0 9.0 9.1 4.9 0.9 0.3 1.1 33.9
% kelembapan 65 59 53 48 39 43 67 72 71 63 56 60 58
Sumber: Departemen Meteorologi India[11][12]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ "BJP's mayoral candidate from Mathura Vinod Agarwal wins". ET Now News. 13 May 2023. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2023. 
  2. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Census2011Gov
  3. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama :0
  4. ^ a b Hawley, John Stratton (2020). Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-012398-7. 
  5. ^ "UP gets first officially designated 'teerth sthals' in Vrindavan and Barsana". Times of India. 27 October 2017. 
  6. ^ "NHAI". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2018. 
  7. ^ Keene, Henry George (1899). "Bindrabun". A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood. Thacker, Spink & Co. hlm. 98–106. 
  8. ^ a b Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. hlm. 176. 
  9. ^ "Development of Ramayana and Krishna Circuits". pib.gov.in. Diakses tanggal 15 August 2022. 
  10. ^ Bhattacharya, G. (2003). "Vrindavan". Oxford Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t090249. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. 
  11. ^ "Station: Mathura Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. hlm. 481–482. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 5 February 2020. Diakses tanggal 22 September 2020. 
  12. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. hlm. M220. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 5 February 2020. Diakses tanggal 22 September 2020. 

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Vrindavan.
Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata Vrindavan.


Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat India ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Vrindavan&oldid=26311767"