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{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
⚫
| image = Argiope catenulata at Kadavoor.jpg
⚫
| name = Araneidae
⚫
| image =Argiope catenulata at Kadavoor.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Argiope catenulata]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Argiope catenulata]]''
⚫
| diversity = 168 genus, 3.006 spesies
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
⚫
| diversity_ref = <ref name="platnick" />
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
| ordo = [[Laba-laba|Araneae]]
| subordo = [[Araneomorphae]]
| superfamilia = [[Araneoidea]]
| familia = '''Araneidae'''
⚫
| familia_authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1895
| diversity_link = Daftar spesies Araneidae
| diversity_link = Daftar spesies Araneidae
⚫
| taxon = Araneidae
⚫
| diversity_ref =<ref name="platnick" />
⚫
| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1895
⚫
| diversity = 168 genus, 3.006 spesies
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = Sejumlah genus terkenal
| range_map = Distribution.araneidae.1.png
| range_map = Distribution.araneidae.1.png
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = Sejumlah genus terkenal
| subdivision =
<!--{{div col|colwidth=8em}}
*''[[Aculepeira]]''
*''[[Arachnura]]''
*''[[Araneus]]''
*''[[Araniella]]''
*''[[Argiope (genus)|Argiope]]''
*''[[Augusta (spider)|Augusta]]''
*''[[Austracantha]]''
*''[[Bertrana]]''
*''[[Celaenia]]''
*''[[Chorizopes]]''
*''[[Cyclosa]]''
*''[[Cyrtophora]]''
*''[[Eriophora]]''
*''[[Gasteracantha]]''
*''[[Kaira (genus)|Kaira]]''
*''[[Larinioides]]''
*''[[Mangora (spider)|Mangora]]''
*''[[Mastophora]]''
*''[[Melychiopharis]]''
*''[[Micrathena]]''
*''[[Neoscona]]''
*''[[Nuctenea]]''
*''[[Ordgarius]]''
*''[[Perilla teres|Perilla]]''
*''[[Zygiella]]''
{{div col end}}
-->
}}
}}


'''Araneidae''' adalah nama Latin untuk [[famili (biologi)|famili]] [[laba-laba]] pembuat sarang berbentuk roda yang paling sering ditemukan, di taman, ladang maupun hutan. Bentuk sarangnya khas menyerupai lingkaran sehingga takson ini dulunya juga dinamakan '''Orbiculariae'''.
'''Araneidae''' atau '''penganyam bola''' adalah nama Latin untuk [[famili (biologi)|famili]] [[laba-laba]] pembuat sarang berbentuk roda yang paling sering ditemukan, di taman, ladang maupun hutan. Bentuk sarangnya khas menyerupai lingkaran sehingga takson ini dulunya juga dinamakan '''Orbiculariae'''.


Laba-laba dari keluarga ini mempunyai 8 mata yang serupa, kaki yang berbulu atau berduri, dan tidak mempunyai organ [[:en:stridulation|stridulating]]. Familia Araneidae berciri kosmopolitan, termasuk banyak spesies terkenal yang besar atau berwarna cerah yang sering ditemukan di taman-taman. Jumlah 3.006 [[spesies]] dalam 168 [[genus]] di seluruh dunia membuat Araneidae merupakan familia laba-laba nomor tiga terbesar setelah [[Salticidae]] dan [[Linyphiidae]]).<ref name="platnick">{{cite web|url=http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog/COUNTS.html|title=Currently valid spider genera and species|last=Platnick|first=Norman I.|date=29 December 2010|work=The World Spider Catalog, Version 11.5|publisher=American Museum of Natural History|accessdate=24 May 2011}}</ref> Pembuat sarang ini termasuk lebih dari 10.000 [[spesies]] dan mencakup 25% ragam laba-laba.<ref name="Blackledge_2009">{{cite journal |author=Todd A. Blackledge, Nikolaj Scharff, Jonathan A. Coddington, Tamas Szüts, John W. Wenzel, Cheryl Y. Hayashi & Ingi Agnarsson |year=2009 |title=Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=106 |pages=5229–5234 |pmid=19289848 |pmc=2656561 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0901377106}}</ref>
Laba-laba dari keluarga ini mempunyai 8 mata yang serupa, kaki yang berbulu atau berduri, dan tidak mempunyai organ [[stridulation|stridulating]]. Familia Araneidae berciri kosmopolitan, termasuk banyak spesies terkenal yang besar atau berwarna cerah yang sering ditemukan di taman-taman. Jumlah 3.006 [[spesies]] dalam 168 [[genus]] di seluruh dunia membuat Araneidae merupakan familia laba-laba nomor tiga terbesar setelah [[Salticidae]] dan [[Linyphiidae]]).<ref name="platnick">{{cite web|url=http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog/COUNTS.html|title=Currently valid spider genera and species|last=Platnick|first=Norman I.|date=29 December 2010|work=The World Spider Catalog, Version 11.5|publisher=American Museum of Natural History|accessdate=24 May 2011}}</ref> Pembuat sarang ini termasuk lebih dari 10.000 [[spesies]] dan mencakup 25% ragam laba-laba.<ref name="Blackledge_2009">{{cite journal |author=Todd A. Blackledge, Nikolaj Scharff, Jonathan A. Coddington, Tamas Szüts, John W. Wenzel, Cheryl Y. Hayashi & Ingi Agnarsson |year=2009 |title=Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=106 |pages=5229–5234 |pmid=19289848 |pmc=2656561 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0901377106}}</ref>
<!--
<!--
However, orb-webs are also produced by members of other families. The large golden orb-weavers ([[Nephilidae]]) and the long-jawed orb weavers ([[Tetragnathidae]]) were formerly included in the Araneidae; they are indeed closely related to them, being part of [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] [[Araneoidea]]. Their webs are similar to those of the typical orb-weavers, but tend to be less sophisticated and often have an irregular instead of a neat spiral arrangement of the prey-capturing threads. The cribellate or hackled orb-weavers ([[Uloboridae]]) belong to a distinct superfamily of the [[suborder]] [[Araneomorphae]]; their webs are often very sophisticated, but Uloboridae use neither venom to kill their prey, nor sticky threads in their web, and probably [[evolution|evolved]] the orb structure independently. Uloboridae are [[cribellate]], and their threads can be recognized by the fuzzy and dull appearance, which captures prey by a [[velcro]]-like mechanism.
However, orb-webs are also produced by members of other families. The large golden orb-weavers ([[Nephilidae]]) and the long-jawed orb weavers ([[Tetragnathidae]]) were formerly included in the Araneidae; they are indeed closely related to them, being part of [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] [[Araneoidea]]. Their webs are similar to those of the typical orb-weavers, but tend to be less sophisticated and often have an irregular instead of a neat spiral arrangement of the prey-capturing threads. The cribellate or hackled orb-weavers ([[Uloboridae]]) belong to a distinct superfamily of the [[suborder]] [[Araneomorphae]]; their webs are often very sophisticated, but Uloboridae use neither venom to kill their prey, nor sticky threads in their web, and probably [[evolution|evolved]] the orb structure independently. Uloboridae are [[cribellate]], and their threads can be recognized by the fuzzy and dull appearance, which captures prey by a [[velcro]]-like mechanism.
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==The orb-web==
==The orb-web==
--><!-- (Not identified, of questionable use) [[File:garden_orb_weaver.jpg|thumb|Orb weaver resting in web]]-->
--><!-- (Not identified, of questionable use) [[File:garden_orb_weaver.jpg|thumb|Orb weaver resting in web]]-->
[[Berkas:Argiope sp.jpg|jmpl|''Argiope'' sp. duduk pada [[:en:Web decorations|''stabilimentum'']] di tengah-tengah sarang]]
[[Berkas:Argiope sp.jpg|jmpl|''Argiope'' sp. duduk pada [[Web decorations|''stabilimentum'']] di tengah-tengah sarang]]
[[Berkas:Orb weaver spiderlings.jpg|jmpl|Anak-anak laba-laba di sarang dekat tempat menetas]]
[[Berkas:Orb weaver spiderlings.jpg|jmpl|Anak-anak laba-laba di sarang dekat tempat menetas]]
[[Berkas:Eriophora sp 2.jpg|jmpl|Close-up [[cephalothorax]] pada ''[[Eriophora]]'' sp. (kemungkinan ''[[Eriophora heroine|E. heroine]]'' atau ''[[Eriophora pustuosa|E. pustuosa]]'']]
[[Berkas:Eriophora sp 2.jpg|jmpl|Close-up [[cephalothorax]] pada ''[[Eriophora]]'' sp. (kemungkinan ''[[Eriophora heroine|E. heroine]]'' atau ''[[Eriophora pustuosa|E. pustuosa]]'']]
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The two families, Deinopoidea and Araneoidea, have similar behavioral sequences and spinning apparatuses to produce architecturally similar webs. The Araneidae weave true viscid silk with an aqueous glue property, and the Deinopoidea use dry fibrils and sticky silk.<ref name="Garb"/><ref>{{cite book |author=William A. Shear |year=1986 |chapter=The evolution of web-building behavior in spiders: a third generation of hypotheses |pages=364–400 |editor=William A. Shear |title=Spiders: webs, behavior, and evolution |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |location=Stanford, California |isbn=978-0-8047-1203-3 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rc6Vz-cWickC&pg=PA364}}</ref> The Deinopoidea (including the Uloboridae), have a [[cribellum]] – a flat, complex spinning plate from which the cribellate silk is released. They also have a [[calamistrum]] – an apparatus of bristles used to comb the cribellate silk from the cribellum. The Araneoidea, or the "ecribellate" spiders, do not have these two structures. The two families of orb-weaving spiders are morphologically very distinct, yet there is much similarity between their web form and web construction behavior. The cribellates retained the ancestral character, yet the cribellum was lost in the escribellates. The lack of a functional cribellum in araneoids is most likely [[synapomorphic]]. If the orb-weaver spiders are a [[monophyletic group]], the fact that only some species in the group lost a feature adds to the controversy. The cribellates are split off as a separate taxon that retained the primitive feature, which makes the lineage [[paraphyletic]] and not synonymous with any real evolutionary lineage. The morphological and behavioral evidence surrounding orb webs led to the disagreement over a single origin or a dual origin.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan A. Coddington |year=1986 |chapter=The monophyletic origin of the orb web |pages=319–363 |editor=William A. Shear |title=Spiders: webs, behavior, and evolution |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |location=Stanford, California |isbn=978-0-8047-1203-3 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rc6Vz-cWickC&pg=PA319}}</ref> However, molecular analysis provides more support for a [[monophyletic]] origin.<ref name="Blackledge_2009"/><ref name="Garb"/><ref name="Penney"/>
The two families, Deinopoidea and Araneoidea, have similar behavioral sequences and spinning apparatuses to produce architecturally similar webs. The Araneidae weave true viscid silk with an aqueous glue property, and the Deinopoidea use dry fibrils and sticky silk.<ref name="Garb"/><ref>{{cite book |author=William A. Shear |year=1986 |chapter=The evolution of web-building behavior in spiders: a third generation of hypotheses |pages=364–400 |editor=William A. Shear |title=Spiders: webs, behavior, and evolution |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |location=Stanford, California |isbn=978-0-8047-1203-3 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rc6Vz-cWickC&pg=PA364}}</ref> The Deinopoidea (including the Uloboridae), have a [[cribellum]] – a flat, complex spinning plate from which the cribellate silk is released. They also have a [[calamistrum]] – an apparatus of bristles used to comb the cribellate silk from the cribellum. The Araneoidea, or the "ecribellate" spiders, do not have these two structures. The two families of orb-weaving spiders are morphologically very distinct, yet there is much similarity between their web form and web construction behavior. The cribellates retained the ancestral character, yet the cribellum was lost in the escribellates. The lack of a functional cribellum in araneoids is most likely [[synapomorphic]]. If the orb-weaver spiders are a [[monophyletic group]], the fact that only some species in the group lost a feature adds to the controversy. The cribellates are split off as a separate taxon that retained the primitive feature, which makes the lineage [[paraphyletic]] and not synonymous with any real evolutionary lineage. The morphological and behavioral evidence surrounding orb webs led to the disagreement over a single origin or a dual origin.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan A. Coddington |year=1986 |chapter=The monophyletic origin of the orb web |pages=319–363 |editor=William A. Shear |title=Spiders: webs, behavior, and evolution |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |location=Stanford, California |isbn=978-0-8047-1203-3 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rc6Vz-cWickC&pg=PA319}}</ref> However, molecular analysis provides more support for a [[monophyletic]] origin.<ref name="Blackledge_2009"/><ref name="Garb"/><ref name="Penney"/>
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== Sistematika ==
== Sistematika ==
{{main|Daftar spesies Araneidae}}
{{main|Daftar spesies Araneidae}}
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* [[Argiope]]
* [[Argiope]]

* [[Argiopinae]]
* [[Argiopinae]]

* [[Cyrtarachninae]] <small>Simon</small>
* [[Cyrtarachninae]] <small>Simon</small>
:* [[Cyrtarachnini]] <small>Simon</small>
:* [[Cyrtarachnini]] <small>Simon</small>
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* [[Cyrtophorinae]]
* [[Cyrtophorinae]]

* [[Gasteracanthinae]]
* [[Gasteracanthinae]]
:* [[Caerostrini]]
:* [[Caerostrini]]
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* [[Micratheninae]]
* [[Micratheninae]]

* ''[[incertae sedis]]''
* ''[[incertae sedis]]''
:* ''[[Artonis]]'' <small>Simon, 1895</small>
:* ''[[Artonis]]'' <small>Simon, 1895</small>
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{{Araneae}}
{{Araneae}}
<!-- Familia -->
<!-- Familia -->
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5883}}
{{taxonbar}}


[[Kategori:Araneidae| ]]
[[Kategori:Araneidae| ]]

Revisi terkini sejak 30 Oktober 2024 15.11

Araneidae
Argiope catenulata
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Domain: Eukaryota
Kerajaan: Animalia
Filum: Arthropoda
Subfilum: Chelicerata
Kelas: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Superfamili: Araneoidea
Famili: Araneidae
Simon, 1895
Diversitas[1]
168 genus, 3.006 spesies

Araneidae atau penganyam bola adalah nama Latin untuk famili laba-laba pembuat sarang berbentuk roda yang paling sering ditemukan, di taman, ladang maupun hutan. Bentuk sarangnya khas menyerupai lingkaran sehingga takson ini dulunya juga dinamakan Orbiculariae.

Laba-laba dari keluarga ini mempunyai 8 mata yang serupa, kaki yang berbulu atau berduri, dan tidak mempunyai organ stridulating. Familia Araneidae berciri kosmopolitan, termasuk banyak spesies terkenal yang besar atau berwarna cerah yang sering ditemukan di taman-taman. Jumlah 3.006 spesies dalam 168 genus di seluruh dunia membuat Araneidae merupakan familia laba-laba nomor tiga terbesar setelah Salticidae dan Linyphiidae).[1] Pembuat sarang ini termasuk lebih dari 10.000 spesies dan mencakup 25% ragam laba-laba.[2]

Argiope sp. duduk pada stabilimentum di tengah-tengah sarang
Anak-anak laba-laba di sarang dekat tempat menetas
Close-up cephalothorax pada Eriophora sp. (kemungkinan E. heroine atau E. pustuosa

Sistematika

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Artikel utama: Daftar spesies Araneidae

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Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ a b Platnick, Norman I. (29 December 2010). "Currently valid spider genera and species". The World Spider Catalog, Version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History. Diakses tanggal 24 May 2011. 
  2. ^ Todd A. Blackledge, Nikolaj Scharff, Jonathan A. Coddington, Tamas Szüts, John W. Wenzel, Cheryl Y. Hayashi & Ingi Agnarsson (2009). "Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106: 5229–5234. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901377106. PMC 2656561 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 19289848. 

Pustaka tambahan

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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Araneidae.
Wikispecies mempunyai informasi mengenai Araneidae.
  • The Life of the Spider by John Crompton. Mentor, 1950.
  • "The Orb-Weaving Spiders of Canada and Alaska. Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae. Insects and Arachnids of Canada Series, Part 23." By C. D. Dondale, J. H. Redner, P. Paquin, and H. W. Levi. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 2003. ISBN 978-0-660-18898-0
  • How to Know the Spiders by B. J. Kaston. Dubuque, 1953.
  • Spiders by Barbara York Main. Sidney, 1976.
  • Biology of Spiders, by Rainer F. Foelix, second edition, 1996
  • Levi, H. W. (1993): The new orb-weaver genus Lewisepeira (Araneae: Araneidae). Psyche 100: 127–136. PDF Diarsipkan 2006-09-28 di Wayback Machine.
  • Platnick, Norman I. (2010): The world spider catalog: Araneidae, version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History.

Pranala luar

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