Konflik Karen: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konflik Karen
	Bagian dari Konflik internal di Myanmar
Tanggal	1949–sekarang
Lokasi	Negara Bagian Kayin, Myanmar (Burma)
Hasil	Gencatan senjata pada tahun 2012
Pihak terlibat
Myanmar Tatmadaw; Sebelumnya: Uni Burma (1948–1962) ; Junta militer (1962–2011) ;	Uni Nasional Karen Pasukan Pembebasan Nasional Karen; DKBA-5
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Thein Sein; (Presiden Myanmar); Min Aung Hlaing; (panglima tertinggi); Wai Lwin; (Menteri Pertahanan) Mantan komandan: Sao Shwe Thaik (1948–1952) ; U Nu (1948–1962) ; Ba U (1952–1957) ; Win Maung (1957–1962) ; Ne Win (1962–1981) ; San Yu (1981–1988) ; Saw Maung (1988–1992) ; Than Shwe (1992–2011) ;	Saw Mutu Say Poe (sejak tahun 2008); Saw Tamlabaw (2000–2008); Bo Mya (1976–2000); Saw Ba U Gyi (1949–1950); Bo Nat Khann Mway
Kekuatan
30.000 43.000 (1951)	6.000-7.000 4.000+ (1951); 1.500
Korban
Tidak diketahui	Tidak diketahui
	Lebih dari 200.000 warga menjadi pengungsi internal

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Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 18 Januari 2022 22.11

Konflik Karen adalah konflik bersenjata yang meletus di Myanmar (Burma) dan dikenal sebagai 'perang saudara terpanjang di dunia'.^[4] Gerakan nasionalis Karen telah berupaya untuk memperoleh otonomi atau kemerdekaan dari Myanmar^[5] semenjak tahun 1949. Konflik ini berlangsung antara Uni Nasional Karen (bahasa Burma: ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး) dengan angkatan bersenjatanya Pasukan Pembebasan Nasional Karen melawan Tatmadaw Myanmar.

Akibat konflik ini, ratusan ribu orang Karen menjadi pengungsi internal, dan banyak pula orang Karen yang melarikan diri ke Thailand.^[6]

Catatan kaki

^ ^a ^b Richard, hlm. 88
^ Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf
^ Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5
^ Callahan M.P., Making Enemies. War and Statebuilding in Burma. Cornell University Press (Ithaca/London, 2013)
^ South, A., "Burma’s Longest war. Anatomy of the Karen conflict." Transnational Institute and Burma Center Netherlands: Amsterdam, 2011, hlm. 6
^ South, Burma’s Longest war. p. 10 and Shirley L. Worland, "Displaced and misplaced or just displaced: Christian Displaced Karen Identity after Sixty Years of War in Burma" PhD. Philosophy at The University of Queensland, March 2010, hlm. 23

Bacaan lanjut

Charney, Michael W., A History of Modern Burma. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Falla, J., True Love and Bartholomew: Rebels on the Burmese Border. Cambridge University Press: New York, 1991.
Fredholm, M., Burma: Ethnicity and Insurgency. Praeger: Westport,1993.
Holliday, I., Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political reform in Myanmar. Columbia University Press: New York, 2011.
Hlaing, Kyaw Yin, Prisms on the Golden Pagoda. Perspectives on national reconciliation in Myanmar. National University of Singapore Press: Singapore, 2014.
Keyes, Charles F. (ed), Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Thai Frontier with Burma. Institute for the Study of Human Issues: Philadelphia, 1979.
Keyes, Charles F., The Golden Peninsula: Culture and Adaptation in Mainland Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu, 1995.

Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[R88-1] Richard, hlm. 88

[burmalibrary1-2] Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf

[3] Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5

[4] Callahan M.P., Making Enemies. War and Statebuilding in Burma. Cornell University Press (Ithaca/London, 2013)

[5] South, A., "Burma’s Longest war. Anatomy of the Karen conflict." Transnational Institute and Burma Center Netherlands: Amsterdam, 2011, hlm. 6

[6] South, Burma’s Longest war. p. 10 and Shirley L. Worland, "Displaced and misplaced or just displaced: Christian Displaced Karen Identity after Sixty Years of War in Burma" PhD. Philosophy at The University of Queensland, March 2010, hlm. 23

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@@ Baris 9: / Baris 9: @@
 |combatant1=
 {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Myanmar]]
-* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Tatmadaw]]{{hr}}'''Bekas:'''{{br}}{{flag|Burma|1948}} (1948-1974){{hr}}{{flag|Burma|1974}} (1974-2010)
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Tatmadaw]]
+{{Collapsible list
+| title = {{small|'''Sebelumnya:'''}}
+| {{flagdeco|Myanmar|1948}} [[Uni Burma]] (1948–1962)
+| {{flagdeco|Myanmar|1974}} [[Junta militer]] (1962–2011)
+}}
 |combatant2=
 {{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Uni Nasional Karen]]
 * {{flagicon image|Karen National Liberation Army flag.svg}} [[Pasukan Pembebasan Nasional Karen]]
-{{flagicon image|Flag of DKBA-5.png}} [[Democratic Karen Benevolent Army|DKBA-5]]
+{{flagicon image|DKBA-5 Buddhist Flag Variant.svg}} [[Democratic Karen Benevolent Army|DKBA-5]]
 |commander1= {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Thein Sein]]<br><small>([[Presiden Myanmar]])</small>'''<br>
 {{flagicon|Myanmar}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Min Aung Hlaing]]<br><small>(panglima tertinggi)</small>'''<br>
-{{flagicon|Myanmar}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Wai Lwin]]<br><small>([[Kementerian Pertahanan (Myanmar)|Menteri Pertahanan]])</small>'''{{hr}}
+{{flagicon|Myanmar}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Wai Lwin]]<br><small>([[Kementerian Pertahanan (Myanmar)|Menteri Pertahanan]])</small>'''
 {{Collapsible list
-|title = <small>'''Mantan komandan:''' ''(1949-1974)''</small>
+|title = <small>'''Mantan komandan:'''</small>
 |{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg}} [[Sao Shwe Thaik]] (1948–1952)
 |{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg}} [[U Nu]] (1948–1962)
 |{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg}} [[Ba U]] (1952–1957)
-|{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg}} [[Win Maung]] (1957–1962){{hr}} ''(1974-2010)''{{br}}
+|{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg}} [[Win Maung]] (1957–1962)
 |{{flagicon image|Flag of Myanmar (1974-2010).svg}} [[Ne Win]] (1962–1981)
 |{{flagicon image|Flag of Myanmar (1974-2010).svg}} [[San Yu]] (1981–1988)
@@ Baris 32: / Baris 37: @@
 {{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Bo Mya]] (1976–2000)<br>
 {{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Saw Ba U Gyi]] (1949–1950)<br>
-{{flagicon image|Flag of DKBA-5.png}} [[Bo Nat Khann Mway]]
+{{flagicon image|DKBA-5 Buddhist Flag Variant.svg}} [[Bo Nat Khann Mway]]
 |strength1= {{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} 30.000
 ----
-{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg}} 43.000 (1951){{hr}}{{Flagicon|Burma|1974}} 50.300 (1980)<ref name=R88>Richard, hlm. 88</ref>
+{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg}} 43.000 (1951)<ref name=R88>Richard, hlm. 88</ref>
 |strength2= {{flagicon image|Karen National Liberation Army flag.svg}} 6.000-7.000<ref name="burmalibrary1">Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf</ref>
 * 4.000+ (1951)<ref name=R88 />
-{{flagicon image|Flag of DKBA-5.png}} 1.500<ref>[http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/stakeholders-overview/159-dkba-5 Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5]</ref>
+{{flagicon image|DKBA-5 Buddhist Flag Variant.svg}} 1.500<ref>[http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/stakeholders-overview/159-dkba-5 Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5]</ref>
 |casualties1= Tidak diketahui
 |casualties2= Tidak diketahui
@@ Baris 65: / Baris 70: @@
 [[Kategori:Politik Myanmar]]
 [[Kategori:Konflik internal di Myanmar]]
-[[Kategori:Perang melibatkan Myanmar]]
+[[Kategori:Perang yang melibatkan Myanmar]]