FARC: Perbedaan antara revisi
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(4 revisi perantara oleh 2 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{Infobox War Faction |
{{Infobox War Faction |
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|name = Pasukan Revolusioner Bersenjata Kolombia - Tentara Rakyat |
|name = Pasukan Revolusioner Bersenjata Kolombia - Tentara Rakyat |
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|native_name = {{lang|es|Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo}} |
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|war = Perang sipil Kolombia |
|war = Perang sipil Kolombia |
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|active = 1964-2016 |
|active = 1964-2016 |
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Baris 6: | Baris 7: | ||
* [[Marxisme–Leninisme]] |
* [[Marxisme–Leninisme]] |
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* [[Bolivarianisme]] |
* [[Bolivarianisme]] |
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* [[Sosialisme |
* [[Sosialisme revolusioner]] |
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* [[Nasionalisme |
* [[Nasionalisme sayap kiri]] |
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* [[Teori Foco]] |
* [[Teori Foco]] |
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}} |
}} |
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|position = [[ |
|position = [[Politik kiri jauh|Kiri jauh]] |
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|leaders = {{plainlist| |
|leaders = {{plainlist| |
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* [[Timoleón Jiménez|Timochenko]] |
* [[Timoleón Jiménez|Timochenko]] |
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Baris 31: | Baris 32: | ||
| headquarters = {{plainlist| |
| headquarters = {{plainlist| |
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* Casa Verde (1965–1990) |
* Casa Verde (1965–1990) |
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* [[Los Pozos]]<ref> |
* [[Los Pozos]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://colombiajournal.org/colombia15.htm |title=Interview with FARC Commander Simón Trinidad |access-date=2016-09-19 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111210141/http://colombiajournal.org/colombia15.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> (1990–2001) |
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}} |
}} |
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|area = Terkonsentrasi di bagian Selatan, Barat Daya, Timur Laut, Barat Laut dan Timur |
|area = Terkonsentrasi di bagian Selatan, Barat Daya, Timur Laut, Barat Laut dan Timur [[Kolombia]]. Terdapat operasi di [[Peru]], [[Venezuela]], [[Brazil]],<ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/9791-farc-have-drug-trafficking-networks-in-brazil.html |
|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/9791-farc-have-drug-trafficking-networks-in-brazil.html |
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|title=FARC have 'drug trafficking networks' in Brazil – Colombia news |
|title=FARC have 'drug trafficking networks' in Brazil – Colombia news |
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|publisher=Colombia Reports |
|publisher=Colombia Reports |
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|date=19 May 2010 |
|date=19 May 2010 |
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|accessdate=17 |
|accessdate=17 Oktober 2011 |
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|archive-date=2011-07-08 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708180929/http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/9791-farc-have-drug-trafficking-networks-in-brazil.html |
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|dead-url=yes |
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}}</ref> [[Panama]],<ref>{{cite news |
}}</ref> [[Panama]],<ref>{{cite news |
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|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64P01720100526 |
|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64P01720100526 |
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Baris 44: | Baris 48: | ||
|date=26 May 2010 |
|date=26 May 2010 |
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|agency=Reuters |
|agency=Reuters |
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|access-date=2016-09-19 |
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⚫ | |||
|archive-date=2010-12-30 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230130749/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64P01720100526 |
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|dead-url=no |
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⚫ | |||
|strength = 7,000–10,000 (2013)<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |
|strength = 7,000–10,000 (2013)<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |
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|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-23394408 |
|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-23394408 |
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Baris 51: | Baris 59: | ||
|date=21 July 2013 |
|date=21 July 2013 |
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|publisher=BBC News |
|publisher=BBC News |
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|archive-date=2020-11-12 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112005402/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-23394408 |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref><ref name="economist">{{cite news |
}}</ref><ref name="economist">{{cite news |
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|url=http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21584384-hiccup-serves-confirm-government-and-farc-are-making-progress-edge-and |
|url=http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21584384-hiccup-serves-confirm-government-and-farc-are-making-progress-edge-and |
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Baris 57: | Baris 68: | ||
|accessdate=11 January 2014 |
|accessdate=11 January 2014 |
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|date=31 August 2013 |
|date=31 August 2013 |
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|archive-date=2017-08-31 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221638/https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21584384-hiccup-serves-confirm-government-and-farc-are-making-progress-edge-and |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref><ref name="eluniversal">{{cite web |
}}</ref><ref name="eluniversal">{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.co/opinion/editorial/farc-terrorismo-y-dialogos-5462 |
|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.co/opinion/editorial/farc-terrorismo-y-dialogos-5462 |
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|title=Farc, terrorismo y diálogos – EL UNIVERSAL - Cartagena |
|title=Farc, terrorismo y diálogos – EL UNIVERSAL - Cartagena |
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|accessdate=11 |
|accessdate=11 Januari 2014 |
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|archive-date=2018-11-06 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106214402/http://www.eluniversal.com.co/opinion/editorial/farc-terrorismo-y-dialogos-5462 |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/desmovilizacion-principal-arma-contra-las-guerrillas_13077339-4 |
|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/desmovilizacion-principal-arma-contra-las-guerrillas_13077339-4 |
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|title=Desmovilización, principal arma contra las guerrillas |
|title=Desmovilización, principal arma contra las guerrillas |
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|publisher=eltiempo.com |
|publisher=eltiempo.com |
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|language= |
|language=Spanyol |
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|accessdate=27 September 2013 |
|accessdate=27 September 2013 |
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|archive-date=2013-09-23 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923064310/http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/desmovilizacion-principal-arma-contra-las-guerrillas_13077339-4 |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://colombiareports.co/colombia-army-claims-farc-eln-lost-5-thousand-guerrillas-past-two-years/ |
|url=http://colombiareports.co/colombia-army-claims-farc-eln-lost-5-thousand-guerrillas-past-two-years/ |
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Baris 72: | Baris 92: | ||
|publisher=colombiareports.co |
|publisher=colombiareports.co |
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|accessdate=27 September 2013 |
|accessdate=27 September 2013 |
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|archive-date=2013-10-14 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014183117/http://colombiareports.co/colombia-army-claims-farc-eln-lost-5-thousand-guerrillas-past-two-years/ |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/documents/News/NoticiaGrandeMDN/602f69a4-7f07-3110-6cae-bc48b6e8a47e.xml |
|url=http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/documents/News/NoticiaGrandeMDN/602f69a4-7f07-3110-6cae-bc48b6e8a47e.xml |
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|title=Comandantes de Fuerza presentaron resultados operacionales de los últimos 2 años |
|title=Comandantes de Fuerza presentaron resultados operacionales de los últimos 2 años |
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|publisher=mindefensa.gov.co |
|publisher=mindefensa.gov.co |
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|language= |
|language=Spanyol |
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|accessdate=27 September 2013 |
|accessdate=27 September 2013 |
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|archive-date=2013-10-05 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014307/http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/documents/News/NoticiaGrandeMDN/602f69a4-7f07-3110-6cae-bc48b6e8a47e.xml |
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|dead-url=no |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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|partof = |
|partof = [[Badan Koordinasi Gerilya Simón Bolívar]] |
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| |
|predecessor = |
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|successor = {{plainlist| |
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|next = |
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* [[Pasukan Revolusioner Alternatif Bersama]] |
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⚫ | |||
* [[Pembelot FARC]]}} |
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⚫ | |||
|opponents = {{plainlist| |
|opponents = {{plainlist| |
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* [[Kolombia]] |
* [[Kolombia]] |
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Baris 92: | Baris 120: | ||
|identification_symbol_label=Flag |
|identification_symbol_label=Flag |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Pasukan Revolusioner Kolombia - Tentara Rakyat''' ( |
'''Pasukan Revolusioner Kolombia - Tentara Rakyat''' ({{lang-es|link=no|Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia{{snd}}Ejército del Pueblo}}, '''FARC–EP''' dan '''FARC''') adalah gerakan gerilya<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11400950|title=Profiles: Colombia's armed groups|date=2013-08-29|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2016-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124044749/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11400950|dead-url=no}}</ref> yang merupakan kelanjutan dari konflik bersenjata Kolombia sejak tahun 1964. Konflik ini diketahui sebagai tempat pengaplikasian beberapa taktik militer, ditambah taktik nonkonvensional seperti terorisme.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOU0bvG8ZGwC&pg=PA180&dq=farc+colombia+founded&cd=12&hl=en|title=Inside Colombia: Drugs, Democracy and War|last=Livingstone|first=Grace|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813534435|language=en|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2023-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717005546/https://books.google.com/books?id=cOU0bvG8ZGwC&pg=PA180&dq=farc+colombia+founded&cd=12&hl=en|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Radu 275–287">{{Cite journal|last=Radu|first=Michael|date=2002-01-01|title=Terrorism After the Cold War: Trends and Challenges|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030438702001084|journal=Orbis|volume=46|issue=2|pages=275–287|doi=10.1016/S0030-4387(02)00108-4|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2019-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105185017/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030438702001084|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Radu 275–287"/><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Book sources|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781572309098|journal=Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia|language=en|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2016-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001161539/https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781572309098|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Book sources|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576073377|journal=Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia|language=en|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2022-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514040841/https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576073377|dead-url=no}}</ref> FARC terbentuk pada saat [[Perang Dingin]] dimana paham [[Marxisme–Leninisme|Marxisme-Leninisme]] tumbuh subur dikarenakan mempromosikan agrarisme dan anti imperialisme di dalam manifesto politik. Operasi FARC didanai oleh aktivitas ilegal seperti penculikan, pertambangan ilegal,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-mining-illegal-idUSKBN0NW27220150511|title=Colombia army raids illegal mines funding FARC rebels|date=2015-05-11|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2023-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408153422/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-mining-illegal-idUSKBN0NW27220150511|dead-url=no}}</ref> pungutan liar, dan aktivitas penyalahgunaan narkoba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18396920|title=Gold overtakes drugs as source of Colombia rebel funds|last=McDermott|first=Jeremy|date=2012-06-17|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2022-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213173201/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18396920|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/18013780|title=Guerrilla miners|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218140333/http://www.economist.com/node/18013780|dead-url=no}}</ref> Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa memperkirakan 12% pembunuhan warga selama konflik Kolombia dilakukan oleh gerilyawan FARC, sisanya dilakukan oleh pasukan pemerintah dan paramiliter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/08/colombia-international-criminal-court-scrutinises-paramilitary-crimes/|title=COLOMBIA: International Criminal Court Scrutinises Paramilitary Crimes {{!}} Inter Press Service|website=www.ipsnews.net|access-date=2016-09-19|archive-date=2023-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404231150/http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/08/colombia-international-criminal-court-scrutinises-paramilitary-crimes/|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
Revisi terkini sejak 19 November 2023 03.32
Pasukan Revolusioner Bersenjata Kolombia - Tentara Rakyat | |
---|---|
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo | |
Pemimpin | |
Waktu operasi | 1964-2016 |
Markas | |
Wilayah operasi | Terkonsentrasi di bagian Selatan, Barat Daya, Timur Laut, Barat Laut dan Timur Kolombia. Terdapat operasi di Peru, Venezuela, Brazil,[2] Panama,[3] dan Ecuador. Keberadaan signifikan di negara Amerika Latin seperti Meksiko, Paraguay, Argentina, dan Bolivia. |
Ideologi | |
Posisi politik | Kiri jauh |
Bagian dari | Badan Koordinasi Gerilya Simón Bolívar |
Sekutu | Kuba (s.d. 1991) Uni Soviet (pra 1991) IRA Sementara |
Lawan | |
Flag | |
Pasukan Revolusioner Kolombia - Tentara Rakyat (bahasa Spanyol: Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo, FARC–EP dan FARC) adalah gerakan gerilya[4] yang merupakan kelanjutan dari konflik bersenjata Kolombia sejak tahun 1964. Konflik ini diketahui sebagai tempat pengaplikasian beberapa taktik militer, ditambah taktik nonkonvensional seperti terorisme.[5][6][6][7][8] FARC terbentuk pada saat Perang Dingin dimana paham Marxisme-Leninisme tumbuh subur dikarenakan mempromosikan agrarisme dan anti imperialisme di dalam manifesto politik. Operasi FARC didanai oleh aktivitas ilegal seperti penculikan, pertambangan ilegal,[9] pungutan liar, dan aktivitas penyalahgunaan narkoba.[10][11] Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa memperkirakan 12% pembunuhan warga selama konflik Kolombia dilakukan oleh gerilyawan FARC, sisanya dilakukan oleh pasukan pemerintah dan paramiliter.[12]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Interview with FARC Commander Simón Trinidad". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-11. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ "FARC have 'drug trafficking networks' in Brazil – Colombia news". Colombia Reports. 19 May 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-08. Diakses tanggal 17 Oktober 2011.
- ^ "Panama's Darien teems with FARC drug runners". Reuters. 26 May 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-30. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ "Profiles: Colombia's armed groups". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2013-08-29. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-01-24. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ Livingstone, Grace (2003-01-01). Inside Colombia: Drugs, Democracy and War (dalam bahasa Inggris). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813534435. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-17. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ a b Radu, Michael (2002-01-01). "Terrorism After the Cold War: Trends and Challenges". Orbis. 46 (2): 275–287. doi:10.1016/S0030-4387(02)00108-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-11-05. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ "Book sources". Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-01. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ "Book sources". Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-05-14. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ "Colombia army raids illegal mines funding FARC rebels". Reuters. 2015-05-11. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-08. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ McDermott, Jeremy (2012-06-17). "Gold overtakes drugs as source of Colombia rebel funds". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ "Guerrilla miners". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.
- ^ "COLOMBIA: International Criminal Court Scrutinises Paramilitary Crimes | Inter Press Service". www.ipsnews.net. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-04. Diakses tanggal 2016-09-19.