Serangan Meuse-Argonne: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| result = Kemenangan Sekutu |
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| combatant1 = {{flag|Amerika Serikat|1912}}<br>{{flagcountry|Republik Prancis Ketiga}}<br> [[Berkas: Flag of the Siamese Expeditionary Force in World War I (Obverse).svg|22px]] [[Siam]]<ref name=Yas>{{cite web|url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1981/JSS_070_0n_Hart_MilitaryParticipationOfSiamInWW1.pdf#page=3|title=A Note on the Military Participation of Siam in the First World War|work=[[Journal of the Siam Society]]|first=Keith|last=Hart|date=1982|accessdate=19 July 2015|page=135}}</ref> |
| combatant1 = {{flag|Amerika Serikat|1912}}<br>{{flagcountry|Republik Prancis Ketiga}}<br> [[Berkas: Flag of the Siamese Expeditionary Force in World War I (Obverse).svg|22px]] [[Siam]]<ref name=Yas>{{cite web|url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1981/JSS_070_0n_Hart_MilitaryParticipationOfSiamInWW1.pdf#page=3|title=A Note on the Military Participation of Siam in the First World War|work=[[Journal of the Siam Society]]|first=Keith|last=Hart|date=1982|accessdate=19 July 2015|page=135}}</ref> |
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| combatant2 = {{flag|Kekaisaran Jerman}}<br>{{flagcountry|Austria- |
| combatant2 = {{flag|Kekaisaran Jerman}}<br>{{flagcountry|Austria-Hungaria}} |
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| commander1 = {{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[John J. Pershing]]<br>{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Hunter Liggett]]<br>{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Robert Lee Bullard]]<br> {{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Gouraud (French Army officer)|Henri Gouraud]]<br>{{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Mathias Berthelot|Henri Berthelot]] <br> [[Berkas: Flag of the Siamese Expeditionary Force in World War I (Obverse).svg|22px]] {{Interlanguage link multi|Phraya Bhijai Janriddhi|th|3=พระยาเทพหัสดิน (ผาด เทพหัสดิน ณ อยุธยา)|lt=Phraya Bhijai Janriddhi|vertical-align=sup}}<ref name=Yas/> |
| commander1 = {{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[John J. Pershing]]<br>{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Hunter Liggett]]<br>{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Robert Lee Bullard]]<br> {{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Gouraud (French Army officer)|Henri Gouraud]]<br>{{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Mathias Berthelot|Henri Berthelot]] <br> [[Berkas: Flag of the Siamese Expeditionary Force in World War I (Obverse).svg|22px]] {{Interlanguage link multi|Phraya Bhijai Janriddhi|th|3=พระยาเทพหัสดิน (ผาด เทพหัสดิน ณ อยุธยา)|lt=Phraya Bhijai Janriddhi|vertical-align=sup}}<ref name=Yas/> |
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| commander2 = {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Max von Gallwitz]]<br> {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Georg von der Marwitz]] |
| commander2 = {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Max von Gallwitz]]<br> {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Georg von der Marwitz]] |
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| strength2 = 450.000 personil |
| strength2 = 450.000 personil |
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| casualties1 = '''Jumlah:''' 192.000<ref name="historyofwar.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_meuse_argonne.html |title=Meuse River-Argonne Forest Offensive, 26 September-11 November 1918 |publisher=Historyofwar.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-26}}</ref> <br/><br/>{{flagicon|USA|1912}}: 122.063<br>26.277 tewas<br>95.786 terluka<br>{{flagicon|France}}: 70.000<br> [[Berkas: Flag of the Siamese Expeditionary Force in World War I (Obverse).svg|22px]]: 19 tewas<ref name=Yas/> |
| casualties1 = '''Jumlah:''' 192.000<ref name="historyofwar.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_meuse_argonne.html |title=Meuse River-Argonne Forest Offensive, 26 September-11 November 1918 |publisher=Historyofwar.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-26}}</ref> <br/><br/>{{flagicon|USA|1912}}: 122.063<br>26.277 tewas<br>95.786 terluka<br>{{flagicon|France}}: 70.000<br> [[Berkas: Flag of the Siamese Expeditionary Force in World War I (Obverse).svg|22px]]: 19 tewas<ref name=Yas/> |
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| casualties2 = '''Jumlah:''' Sekitar 126.000<ref>"Collier's New Encyclopedia: A Loose-leaf and Self-revising Reference Work". 1922. Page 209.</ref><br> 28.000 tewas< |
| casualties2 = '''Jumlah:''' Sekitar 126.000<ref>"Collier's New Encyclopedia: A Loose-leaf and Self-revising Reference Work". 1922. Page 209.</ref><br> 28.000 tewas<br>26.000 ditawan Amerika<br>30.000 ditawan Prancis<br/> 874 artileri direbut<ref>Gary Mead: Doughboys</ref> |
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'''Serangan Meuse-Argonne''', juga dikenal dengan nama '''Serangan Maas-Argonne''' dan '''Pertempuran Hutan Argonne''', adalah salah satu serangan besar terakhir pada masa [[Perang Dunia |
'''Serangan Meuse-Argonne''', juga dikenal dengan nama '''Serangan Maas-Argonne''' dan '''Pertempuran Hutan Argonne''', adalah salah satu serangan besar terakhir pada masa [[Perang Dunia I]] yang terjadi di seluruh [[Front Barat (Perang Dunia I)|Front Barat]]. Pertempuran ini berlangsung dari tanggal 26 September 1918 hingga disepakatinya [[gencatan senjata 11 November 1918]]. Pertempuran yang berlangsung selama 47 hari ini merupakan serangan terbesar dalam [[sejarah militer Amerika Serikat]] dan melibatkan 1,2 juta tentara [[Amerika Serikat]]. Serangan ini merupakan bagian dari [[Serangan Seratus Hari]] yang berhasil mengakhiri perang. Pertempuran ini merenggut 28.000 nyawa tentara [[Jerman]] dan 26.277 pasukan Amerika, sehingga menjadi operasi terbesar dan paling berdarah untuk pasukan Ekspedisi Amerika selama Perang Dunia I, serta salah satu pertempuran paling mematikan dalam sejarah Amerika. Korban jiwa di pihak Amerika diperparah oleh kurang berpengalamannya pasukan dan taktik yang digunakan pada tahap awal operasi. |
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== Catatan kaki == |
== Catatan kaki == |
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== Bacaan lanjut == |
== Bacaan lanjut == |
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{{Refbegin}} |
{{Refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite book| last= Baker |first= Horace L. |title= Argonne Days in World War I | location = Columbia |publisher= University of Missouri Press |year=2007 |isbn= 0-82626-575-8 |oclc=614477736 }} |
* {{Cite book| last= Baker |first= Horace L. |title= Argonne Days in World War I | url= https://archive.org/details/argonnedaysinwor00bake | location = Columbia |publisher= University of Missouri Press |year=2007 |isbn= 0-82626-575-8 |oclc=614477736 }} |
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* {{Cite book| last = Braim |first=Paul |title= The Test of Battle: the American Expeditionary Forces in the Meuse-Argonne Campaign |
* {{Cite book| last = Braim |first=Paul |title= The Test of Battle: the American Expeditionary Forces in the Meuse-Argonne Campaign |
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| location = Newark |publisher= University of Delaware Press |year=1987 |isbn= 0-87413-301-7 |oclc=14240589 }} |
| url = https://archive.org/details/testofbattleamer0000brai | location = Newark |publisher= University of Delaware Press |year=1987 |isbn= 0-87413-301-7 |oclc=14240589 }} |
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* {{Cite book | last = Clodfelter |first= Michael |title= The Lost Battalion and the Meuse-Argonne, 1918: America's Deadliest Battle |
* {{Cite book | last = Clodfelter |first= Michael |title= The Lost Battalion and the Meuse-Argonne, 1918: America's Deadliest Battle |
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| location = Jefferson, N.C. |publisher= McFarland|year=2007 | isbn=0786426799 |oclc=71812758}} |
| location = Jefferson, N.C. |publisher= McFarland|year=2007 | isbn=0786426799 |oclc=71812758}} |
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* {{Cite book| last= Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title= America's Deadliest Battle: The Meuse Argonne, 1918 |location=Lawrence |publisher=University press of Kansas |year=2007 | isbn= 0-70061-499-0 |oclc=71275542}} |
* {{Cite book| last= Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title= America's Deadliest Battle: The Meuse Argonne, 1918 | url= https://archive.org/details/americasdeadlies0000ferr |location=Lawrence |publisher=University press of Kansas |year=2007 | isbn= 0-70061-499-0 |oclc=71275542}} |
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* {{Cite book| last= Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title= Collapse at Meuse-Argonne: the Failure of the Missouri-Kansas Division |location= Columbia |
* {{Cite book| last= Ferrell |first=Robert H. |title= Collapse at Meuse-Argonne: the Failure of the Missouri-Kansas Division | url= https://archive.org/details/collapseatmeusea00ferr |location= Columbia |
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|publisher= University of Missouri Press |year= 2004|isbn= 0-82621-532-7 |oclc=54500285}} |
|publisher= University of Missouri Press |year= 2004|isbn= 0-82621-532-7 |oclc=54500285}} |
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* {{Cite book| last= Lengel |first=Edward G. |title= To Conquer Hell |location=New York|publisher=Henry Holt|year=2008| isbn= 0-8050-7931-9}} |
* {{Cite book| last= Lengel |first=Edward G. |title= To Conquer Hell | url= https://archive.org/details/toconquerhellmeu0000leng |location=New York|publisher=Henry Holt|year=2008| isbn= 0-8050-7931-9}} |
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* Lengel, Edward G., ed. ''A Companion to the Meuse-Argonne Campaign'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014). xii, 537 pp. |
* Lengel, Edward G., ed. ''A Companion to the Meuse-Argonne Campaign'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014). xii, 537 pp. |
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* {{Cite book| last= Palmer |first=Fredrick |title=Our Greatest Battle: The Meuse Argonne| location = New York |publisher=Dodd, Meade |year=1919}} |
* {{Cite book| last= Palmer |first=Fredrick |title=Our Greatest Battle: The Meuse Argonne| url= https://archive.org/details/ourgreatestbattl00palm | location = New York |publisher=Dodd, Meade |year=1919}} |
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* {{Cite book| last1=Wright| first1=William M.| editor1-last=Ferrell| editor1-first=Robert H.| title=Meuse-Argonne Diary: A Division Commander in World War I| date=2004| publisher=University of Missouri Press| location=Columbia, Missouri| ISBN= 978-0826215277| OCLC=70757341}} |
* {{Cite book| last1=Wright| first1=William M.| editor1-last=Ferrell| editor1-first=Robert H.| title=Meuse-Argonne Diary: A Division Commander in World War I| url=https://archive.org/details/meuseargonnediar00wrig_0| date=2004| publisher=University of Missouri Press| location=Columbia, Missouri| ISBN= 978-0826215277| OCLC=70757341}} |
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* Yockelson, Mitchell. Forty-Seven Days: How Pershing's Warriors Came of Age to Defeat at the German Army in World War I (New York: NAL, Caliber, 2016) {{ISBN|978-0-451-46695-2}} |
* Yockelson, Mitchell. Forty-Seven Days: How Pershing's Warriors Came of Age to Defeat at the German Army in World War I (New York: NAL, Caliber, 2016) {{ISBN|978-0-451-46695-2}} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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[[Kategori:Konflik tahun 1918]] |
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1918]] |
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[[Kategori:Prancis dalam tahun 1918]] |
[[Kategori:Prancis dalam tahun 1918]] |
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[[Kategori:Perang Dunia I]] |
[[Kategori:Perang Dunia I]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 12 Desember 2023 09.48
Serangan Meuse-Argonne | |||||||
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Bagian dari Front Barat Perang Dunia I | |||||||
Peta wilayah Meuse-Argonne pada tahun 1918. | |||||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||||
Amerika Serikat Prancis Siam[1] |
Kekaisaran Jerman Austria-Hungaria | ||||||
Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||
John J. Pershing Hunter Liggett Robert Lee Bullard Henri Gouraud Henri Berthelot Phraya Bhijai Janriddhi [th][1] |
Max von Gallwitz Georg von der Marwitz | ||||||
Pasukan | |||||||
Angkatan Darat Keempat Angkatan Darat Kelima Pasukan Ekspedisi Siam [1] | Angkatan Darat Kelima | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
Pasukan Ekspedisi Amerika: 1.200.000 personil[2] 380 tank 840 pesawat 2.780 artileri Pasukan ekspedisi Siam: 850 personil[1] | 450.000 personil | ||||||
Korban | |||||||
Jumlah: 192.000[3] : 122.063 26.277 tewas 95.786 terluka : 70.000 : 19 tewas[1] |
Jumlah: Sekitar 126.000[4] 28.000 tewas 26.000 ditawan Amerika 30.000 ditawan Prancis 874 artileri direbut[5] |
Serangan Meuse-Argonne, juga dikenal dengan nama Serangan Maas-Argonne dan Pertempuran Hutan Argonne, adalah salah satu serangan besar terakhir pada masa Perang Dunia I yang terjadi di seluruh Front Barat. Pertempuran ini berlangsung dari tanggal 26 September 1918 hingga disepakatinya gencatan senjata 11 November 1918. Pertempuran yang berlangsung selama 47 hari ini merupakan serangan terbesar dalam sejarah militer Amerika Serikat dan melibatkan 1,2 juta tentara Amerika Serikat. Serangan ini merupakan bagian dari Serangan Seratus Hari yang berhasil mengakhiri perang. Pertempuran ini merenggut 28.000 nyawa tentara Jerman dan 26.277 pasukan Amerika, sehingga menjadi operasi terbesar dan paling berdarah untuk pasukan Ekspedisi Amerika selama Perang Dunia I, serta salah satu pertempuran paling mematikan dalam sejarah Amerika. Korban jiwa di pihak Amerika diperparah oleh kurang berpengalamannya pasukan dan taktik yang digunakan pada tahap awal operasi.
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d e Hart, Keith (1982). "A Note on the Military Participation of Siam in the First World War" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. hlm. 135. Diakses tanggal 19 July 2015.
- ^ Ferrell, Robert H. 2012. America's Deadliest Battle: Meuse-Argonne, 1918. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
- ^ "Meuse River-Argonne Forest Offensive, 26 September-11 November 1918". Historyofwar.org. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-26.
- ^ "Collier's New Encyclopedia: A Loose-leaf and Self-revising Reference Work". 1922. Page 209.
- ^ Gary Mead: Doughboys
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Baker, Horace L. (2007). Argonne Days in World War I. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-82626-575-8. OCLC 614477736.
- Braim, Paul (1987). The Test of Battle: the American Expeditionary Forces in the Meuse-Argonne Campaign. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-301-7. OCLC 14240589.
- Clodfelter, Michael (2007). The Lost Battalion and the Meuse-Argonne, 1918: America's Deadliest Battle. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0786426799. OCLC 71812758.
- Ferrell, Robert H. (2007). America's Deadliest Battle: The Meuse Argonne, 1918. Lawrence: University press of Kansas. ISBN 0-70061-499-0. OCLC 71275542.
- Ferrell, Robert H. (2004). Collapse at Meuse-Argonne: the Failure of the Missouri-Kansas Division. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-82621-532-7. OCLC 54500285.
- Lengel, Edward G. (2008). To Conquer Hell. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 0-8050-7931-9.
- Lengel, Edward G., ed. A Companion to the Meuse-Argonne Campaign (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014). xii, 537 pp.
- Palmer, Fredrick (1919). Our Greatest Battle: The Meuse Argonne. New York: Dodd, Meade.
- Wright, William M. (2004). Ferrell, Robert H., ed. Meuse-Argonne Diary: A Division Commander in World War I. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0826215277. OCLC 70757341.
- Yockelson, Mitchell. Forty-Seven Days: How Pershing's Warriors Came of Age to Defeat at the German Army in World War I (New York: NAL, Caliber, 2016) ISBN 978-0-451-46695-2