Jari-jari Bumi: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi terkini sejak 16 Desember 2022 14.03

Nilai $1\,R_{\oplus }$	Satuan
6,371×10⁶	meter
6.371	kilometer
0,0000425875	AU
3.959	mil

Dalam astronomi, jari-jari Bumi ( $R_{\oplus }$ ) adalah satuan panjang yang bernilai sama dengan rata-rata jari-jari Bumi, sekitar 6.371 kilometer.

Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]

Merrifield, Michael R. (2010). " $R_{\oplus }$ The Earth's Radius (and exoplanets)". Sixty Symbols. Brady Haran untuk Universitas Nottingham.

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Artikel bertopik astronomi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{|  class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
-{{Infobox unit|name=Earth radius|image=[[Berkas:Sacrobosco-1550-B3r-detail01.jpg|250px]]|caption=Ilustrasi bumi abad ke-13 di ''[[De sphaera mundi]]''.|standard=[[astronomy]], [[geophysics]]|quantity=[[distance]]|symbol='''{{Earth radius}}'''|symbol2=<math>R_E</math>, <math>\mathcal{R}^\mathrm N_\mathrm{eE}</math>|units1=[[Satuan dasar SI]]|inunits1={{val|6.3781|e=6|u=m}}<ref name = "IAU XXIX">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1510.07674|last1=Mamajek|first1=E. E|title=IAU 2015 Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary Properties| last2=Prsa|first2=A|last3=Torres|first3=G|last4=Harmanec|first4=P|last5=Asplund|first5=M|last6=Bennett|first6=P. D|last7=Capitaine|first7=N|last8=Christensen-Dalsgaard|first8=J|last9=Depagne|first9=E|last10=Folkner|first10=W. M|last11=Haberreiter|first11=M|last12=Hekker|first12=S|last13=Hilton|first13=J. L|last14=Kostov|first14=V|last15=Kurtz|first15=D. W|last16=Laskar|first16=J|last17=Mason|first17=B. D|last18=Milone|first18=E. F|last19=Montgomery|first19=M. M|last20=Richards|first20=M. T|last21=Schou|first21=J|last22=Stewart|first22=S. G|class=astro-ph.SR|year=2015|display-authors= 3}}</ref>|units2=[[Sistem metrik]]|inunits2={{val|6357|to|6378|u=km|fmt=commas}}|units3=[[Unit Bahasa Inggris]]|inunits3={{val|3950|to|3963|u=mi|fmt=commas}}}}Dalam [[astronomi]], '''jari-jari Bumi''' (<math>R_\oplus</math>) adalah satuan [[panjang]] yang bernilai sama dengan rata-rata [[jari-jari]] [[Bumi]]. <span data-segmentid="47" class="cx-segment">Nilainya berkisar dari {{Cvt|6378|km|mi}}</span> <span data-segmentid="47" class="cx-segment">di garis [[Khatulistiwa|katulistiwa]] ke {{Cvt|6357|km|mi}} di sebuah [[kutub]].</span> <span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">''Jari'' - ''jari bumi'' adalah [[Jargon|istilah seni]] dalam [[astronomi]] dan [[geofisika]] dan [[Satuan|unit pengukuran]] keduanya. Dilambangkan sebagai <math>R_\oplus</math>dalam [[astronomi]]. Dalam konteks lain, dilambangkan <math>R_E</math> atau terkadang <math>\mathcal{R}^\mathrm N_\mathrm{eE}</math>.<span data-segmentid="58" class="cx-segment">Jari-jari bumi da</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="58" class="cx-segment">p</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="58" class="cx-segment">at didefinisikan dengan cara yang berbeda karena Bumi bukanlah [[Bola (geometri)|bola]] yang sempurna.</span> <span data-segmentid="60" class="cx-segment">Permukaan yang memanjang dengan jari-jari umumnya dipilih pada [[Elipsoid|ellipsoid]] yang mewakili bentuk Bumi.</span> <span data-segmentid="62" class="cx-segment">Seperti h</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="62" class="cx-segment">a</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="62" class="cx-segment">lnya permukaan, titik apa yang akan digunakan untuk pusat Bumi juga merupakan masalah definisi dan oleh karena itu berkontribusi pada beragam cara mendefinisikan jari-jari Bumi.</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="63" class="cx-segment">Ketika hanya satu jari-jari yang dinyatakan, [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional|International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) memilih bahwa itu adalah jari-jari khatulistiwa.</span>  <span data-segmentid="65" class="cx-segment">[[ Persatuan Geodesi dan Geofisika Internasional|Persatuan Geodesi dan Geofisika Internasional]] (IUGG) memberikan tiga jari-</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="65" class="cx-segment">j</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="65" class="cx-segment">ari rata-rata global: rata-rata aritmatika dari jari-jari ellipsoid (R{{Sub|1}}); jari-jari authalic, yang merupakan bola yang memiliki luas permukaan yang sama dengan ellipsoid (R{{Sub|2}}); dan jari-jari</span> <span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="65" class="cx-segment">v</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="65" class="cx-segment">olumetrik, yang merupakan bola yang memiliki volume yang sama dengan ellipsoid (R{{Sub|3}}). <ref name="Moritz">Moritz, H. (1980). [ftp://athena.fsv.cvut.cz/ZFG/grs80-Moritz.pdf ''Geodetic Reference System 1980''], by resolution of the XVII General Assembly of the IUGG in Canberra.</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="67" class="cx-segment">Ketiga jari-jari itu sekitar {{Convert|6.371|km|mil}}.</span>
+! Nilai <math>1\,R_{\oplus}</math>
+! Satuan
+|-
+| 6,371{{e|6}} || [[meter]]
+|-
+| 6.371 || [[kilometer]]
+|-
+| 0,0000425875 || [[Satuan Astronomi|AU]]
+|-
+| 3.959 || [[mil]]
+|}
+Dalam [[astronomi]], '''jari-jari Bumi''' (<math>R_\oplus</math>) adalah satuan [[panjang]] yang bernilai sama dengan rata-rata [[jari-jari]] [[Bumi]], sekitar 6.371 kilometer.
-<span data-segmentid="68" class="cx-segment">Banyak cara lain untuk mendefinisikan radius Bumi telah dijelaskan.</span> <span data-segmentid="69" class="cx-segment">Beberapa muncul di bawah.</span> <span data-segmentid="70" class="cx-segment">Beberapa definisi menghasilkan nilai di luar kisaran antara jari-jari kutub dan jari-jari khatulistiwa karena mere</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="70" class="cx-segment">k</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="70" class="cx-segment">a termasuk topologi lokal atau [[Geoid|geoidal]] atau karena mereka bergantung pada pertimbangan geometris abstrak.</span>
+== Sumber ==
-== <span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">Pengantar ==
+{{cite web|last=Merrifield|first=Michael R.|title=<math>R_\oplus</math> The Earth's Radius (and exoplanets)|url=http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/earthradius.htm|work=Sixty Symbols|publisher=[[Brady Haran]] untuk [[Universitas Nottingham]]|year=2010}}
-[[Berkas:Earth oblateness to scale.svg|jmpl|<span data-segmentid="73" class="cx-segment">Sebuah diagram skala yang [[Kepepatan|oblateness]] dari 2003 [[Badan Sistem Referensi dan Rotasi Bumi Internasional|IERS]] [[ Referensi ellipsoid|referensi ellipsoid]],</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]] <span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="73" class="cx-segment">dengan utara di bagian atas.</span> <span data-segmentid="77" class="cx-segment">Wilayah biru muda adalah lingkaran.</span> <span data-segmentid="78" class="cx-segment">Tepi luar garis biru gelap adalah [[elips]] dengan [[Sumbu semi-mayor|sumbu minor]] yang sama dengan lingkaran dan [[ Eksentrisitas (matematika)|eksentrisitas]] yang sama dengan Bumi.</span> <span data-segmentid="82" class="cx-segment">Garis merah mewakili [[Garis Kármán|garis Karman]] {{Cvt|100|km|mi}}     atas [[permukaan laut]], sedangkan area kuning menunjukkan kisaran [[Apsis|ketinggian]] [[Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional|ISS]] di [[Orbit bumi rendah|orbit Bumi yang rendah]].</span>]]
-<span data-segmentid="88" class="cx-segment">[[Rotasi Bumi|Rotasi bumi]], variasi kerapatan internal, dan [[Kekuatan pasang|gaya pasang surut]] eksternal menyebabkan bentuknya menyimpang secara sistematis dari bola sempurna. <ref group="lower-alpha">For details see [[figure of the Earth]], [[geoid]], and [[Earth tide]].</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="91" class="cx-segment">[[Topografi]] lokal meningkatkan varians, menghasilkan permukaan kompleksitas yang mendalam.</span> <span data-segmentid="93" class="cx-segment">Deskripsi kami tentang permukaan bumi harus lebih sederhana dari kenyataan agar dapat ditelusuri.</span> <span data-segmentid="94" class="cx-segment">Oleh karena itu, kami membuat model untuk memperkirakan karakteristik permukaan Bumi, umumnya mengandalkan model paling sederhana yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan.</span>
+== Lihat pula ==
-<span data-segmentid="95" class="cx-segment">Setiap model yang umum digunakan melibatkan beberapa gagasan tentang [[jari-jari]] geometris.</span> <span data-segmentid="97" class="cx-segment">Sebenarnya, bola adalah satu-satunya benda padat yang memiliki jari-jari, tetapi penggunaan yang lebih luas dari ''jari'' - ''jari'' istilah umum di banyak bidang, termasuk yang berhubungan dengan model Bumi.</span> <span data-segmentid="98" class="cx-segment">Berikut ini adalah sebagian daftar model permukaan bumi, yang disusun dari tepat hingga yang lebih mendekati:</span>
+* [[Satuan astronomi]]
+* [[Massa Bumi]]
-* <span data-segmentid="99" class="cx-segment">Permukaan Bumi yang sebenarnya</span>
-* <span data-segmentid="100" class="cx-segment">[[Geoid]], didefinisikan oleh [[Permukaan laut|permukaan laut rata-rata]] pada setiap titik di permukaan nyata <ref group="lower-alpha">There is no single center to the geoid; it varies according to local [[Geodetic system|geodetic]] conditions.</ref></span>
-* <span data-segmentid="103" class="cx-segment">[[Sferoid|Spheroid]], juga disebut [[elipsoid]] revolusi, [[Datum geodetik|geosentris]] untuk memodelkan seluruh Bumi, atau [[Datum geodetik|geodetik]] untuk pekerjaan regional <ref group="lower-alpha">In a geocentric ellipsoid, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with some computed center of Earth, and best models the earth as a whole. Geodetic ellipsoids are better suited to regional idiosyncrasies of the geoid. A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation.</ref></span>
-* <span data-segmentid="108" class="cx-segment">Sebuah [[Bola (geometri)|bola]]</span>
-<span data-segmentid="110" class="cx-segment">Dalam kasus geoid dan ellipsoid, jarak tetap dari setiap titik pada model ke pusat yang ditentukan disebut ''"jari-jari Bumi"'' atau ''"jari-jari Bumi pada titik itu"''. <ref group="lower-alpha">The value of the radius is completely dependent upon the latitude in the case of an ellipsoid model, and nearly so on the geoid.</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="111" class="cx-segment">Juga umum untuk menyebut radius rata-rata dari model bola sebagai ''"jari-jari bumi".''</span> <span data-segmentid="113" class="cx-segment">Ketika mempertimbangkan permukaan bumi yang sebenarnya, di sisi lain, tidak biasa untuk merujuk pada "jari-jari", karena pada umumnya tidak ada kebutuhan praktis.</span> <span data-segmentid="114" class="cx-segment">Sebaliknya, ketinggian di atas atau di bawah permukaan laut berguna.</span>
-<span data-segmentid="115" class="cx-segment">Terlepas dari modelnya, radius apa pun berada di antara minimum kutub sekitar 6.357 km dan maksimum khatulistiwa sekitar 6.378 km (3.950 hingga 3.963) mil).</span> <span data-segmentid="116" class="cx-segment">Oleh karena itu, Bumi menyimpang dari bola sempurna hanya dengan sepertiga persen, yang mendukung model bola dalam banyak konteks dan membenarkan istilah "jari-jari Bumi".</span> <span data-segmentid="117" class="cx-segment">Sementara nilai-nilai spesifik berbeda, konsep-konsep dalam artikel ini menggeneralisasi ke [[planet]] besar mana pun.</span>
-=== <span data-segmentid="119" class="cx-segment">Fisika deformasi Bumi</span> ===
-<span data-segmentid="120" class="cx-segment">Rotasi sebuah planet menyebabkannya mendekati ''[[Sferoid|ellipsoid]] / spheroid [[Sferoid|oblate]]'' dengan tonjolan di [[khatulistiwa]] dan merata di [[Kutub Selatan|Kutub]] [[Kutub Utara|Utara]] dan [[Kutub Selatan|Selatan]], sehingga ''jari'' ''{{Mvar|a}}'' ''jari khatulistiwa'' ''{{Mvar|a}}'' lebih besar dari ''jari-jari kutub'' ''{{Mvar|b}}'' kira-kira ''{{Mvar|aq}}''.</span> <span data-segmentid="125" class="cx-segment">''Konstanta kelonggaran'' ''{{Mvar|q}}'' diberikan oleh</span>
-:<math>q=\frac{a^3 \omega^2}{GM}\,,</math>
-[[Berkas:Lowresgeoidheight.jpg|jmpl|343x343px]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">di mana ''{{Mvar|ω}}'' adalah [[ Frekuensi sudut|frekuensi sudut]], ''{{Mvar|G}}'' adalah [[Tetapan gravitasi|konstanta gravitasi]], dan ''{{Mvar|M}}'' adalah massa planet. {{Refn|This follows from the [[International Astronomical Union]] [[2006 definition of planet|definition]] rule (2): a planet assumes a shape due to [[hydrostatic equilibrium]] where [[gravity]] and [[centrifugal force]]s are nearly balanced.<ref>[http://www.iau2006.org/mirror/www.iau.org/iau0603/index.html IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107022302/http://www.iau2006.org/mirror/www.iau.org/iau0603/index.html |date=2006-11-07 }}</ref>}} Untuk Bumi {{Math|{{sfrac|1|''q''}} ≈ 289}} yang dekat dengan kebalikan diukur [[Kepepatan|perataan]] {{Math|{{sfrac|1|''f''}} ≈ 298.257}} Selain itu, tonjolan di ekuator menunjukkan varias
 [[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">i
 [[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]
- <span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">yang lambat. Tonjolan telah menurun, tetapi sejak tahun 1998 tonjolan itu meningkat, mungkin karena redistribusi massa laut melalui arus. <ref>[http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20020801gravityfield.html Satellites Reveal A Mystery Of Large Change In Earth's Gravity Field] , Aug. 1, 2002, [[Pusat Penerbangan Luar Angkasa Goddard|Goddard Space Flight Center]]. {{Webarchive}}</ref>
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">Variasi dalam [[Massa jenis|kepadatan]] dan ketebalan [[ Kerak (geologi)|kerak]] menye
-[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">b
-[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">abkan gravitasi bervariasi di permukaan dan dalam waktu, sehingga permukaan laut rata-rata berbeda dari ellipsoid. Perbedaan ini adalah ''ketinggian [[geoid]]'', posi
-[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">t
-[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">if di atas atau di luar ellipsoid, negatif di bawah atau di dalam. Variasi ketinggian geoid adalah di bawah {{Convert|110|m|ft|abbr=on}} di Bumi. Ketinggian geoid dapat berubah secara tiba-tiba karena gempa bumi (seper
-[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">t
-[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">i gempa [[Gempa bumi dan tsunami Samudra Hindia 2004|Sumatra-Andaman]] ) atau pe
-[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">n
-[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]
-<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">gurangan massa es (seperti [[Greenland]]). <ref>[http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=18567 NASA's Grace Finds Greenland Melting Faster, 'Sees' Sumatra Quake], December 20, 2005, [[Goddard Space Flight Center]].</ref>
-<span data-segmentid="142" class="cx-segment">Tidak semua deformasi berasal dari Bumi.</span> <span data-segmentid="143" class="cx-segment">Gravitasi Bulan dan Matahari menyebabkan permukaan bumi pada titik tertentu bergelombang oleh persepuluh met</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="143" class="cx-segment">e</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="143" class="cx-segment">r dalam kurun waktu hampir 12 jam (lihat [[ Pasang bumi|gelombang bumi]]).</span> <span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]
-=== <span data-segmentid="145" class="cx-segment">Radius dan kondisi setempat</span> ===
-<span data-segmentid="148" class="cx-segment">Mengingat pengaruh lokal dan sementara pada ketinggian permukaan, ni</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="148" class="cx-segment">l</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="148" class="cx-segment">ai-nilai yang ditentukan di bawah ini didasarkan pada model "tujuan umum", disempurnakan sed</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="148" class="cx-segment">u</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="148" class="cx-segment">nia mungkin secara global dalam {{Convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} dari ketinggian ellipsoid referensi, dan dalam jarak {{Convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} dari per</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="148" class="cx-segment">m</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="148" class="cx-segment">ukaan laut rata-rata (mengabaikan ketinggian geoid).</span>
-<span data-segmentid="149" class="cx-segment">Selain itu, jari-jari dapat diperkirakan dari kelengkungan Bumi pada suatu titik.</span> <span data-segmentid="150" class="cx-segment">Seperti [[torus]], kelengkungan pada suatu titik akan menjadi yang terbesar (paling ketat) dalam satu arah (utara-selatan di Bumi) dan terkecil (paling</span> <span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="150" class="cx-segment">d</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="150" class="cx-segment">atar) tegak lurus (timur-barat).</span> <span data-segmentid="152" class="cx-segment">[[ Radius kelengkungan (aplikasi)|Jari]] - [[ Radius kelengkungan (aplikasi)|jari kelengkungan]] yang sesuai tergantung pada lokasi dan arah pengukuran dari titik itu.</span> <span data-segmentid="154" class="cx-segment">Konsekuensinya adalah bahwa jarak ke [[Cakrawala|cakrawala sejati]] di khatul</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Astronomi bintang]]<span data-segmentid="154" class="cx-segment">i</span><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment"><span data-segmentid="50" class="cx-segment">[[Kategori:Satuan panjang]]<span data-segmentid="154" class="cx-segment">stiwa sedikit lebih pendek di arah utara / selatan daripada di arah timur-barat.</span>
-<span data-segmentid="156" class="cx-segment">Singkatnya, variasi lokal di medan mencegah penetapan radius "tepat" tunggal.</span> <span data-segmentid="157" class="cx-segment">Seseorang hanya dapat mengadopsi model ideal.</span> <span data-segmentid="158" class="cx-segment">Sejak perkiraan oleh [[Eratosthenes]], banyak model telah dibuat.</span> <span data-segmentid="160" class="cx-segment">Secara historis, model ini didasarkan pada topografi regional, memberikan [[ Figur Bumi|ellipsoid referensi]] terbaik untuk daerah yang disurvei.</span> <span data-segmentid="162" class="cx-segment">Karena penginderaan jarak jauh satelit dan khususnya [[Sistem Pemosisi Global|Global Positioning System]] menjadi penting, model global yang sebenarnya dikembangkan yang, meskipun tidak seakurat untuk pekerjaan regional, paling mendekati Bumi secara keseluruhan.</span>
-== <span data-segmentid="164" class="cx-segment">Jari-jari tetap</span> ==
-<span data-segmentid="165" class="cx-segment">Jari-jari berikut ini diperbaiki dan tidak termasuk ketergantungan lokasi variabel.</span> <span data-segmentid="166" class="cx-segment">Mereka berasal dari ellipsoid standar [[Sistem Geodesi Dunia|Sistem Geodetik Dunia]] 1984 ( [[Sistem Geodesi Dunia|WGS-84]] ). <ref name="tr8350_2">{{Cite web}}</ref></span>
-<span data-segmentid="169" class="cx-segment">Nilai untuk jari-jari khatulistiwa didefinisikan terdekat ke 0,1 m dalam WGS-84.</span> <span data-segmentid="170" class="cx-segment">Nilai untuk jari-jari kutub di bagian ini telah dibulatkan ke 0,1 terdekat &nbsp; m, yang diharapkan memadai untuk sebagian besar kegunaan.</span> <span data-segmentid="171" class="cx-segment">Lihat ellipsoid WGS-84 jika diperlukan nilai yang lebih tepat untuk radius polar.</span>
-<br />
+{{Astronomi-stub}}
-== Referensi ==
-{{Reflist}}