Penyinaran surya: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 6 Mei 2023 22.02

Ukuran penyinaran surya tahunan (integral dari penyinaran surya sepanjang setahun) di puncak atmosfer Bumi dan permukaan planet

Penyinaran surya adalah kekuatan per unit area yang diraih dari Matahari dalam bentuk radiasi elektromagnetik pada rangkaian panjang gelombang dari instrumen yang terukur. Penyinaran surya yang terintegrasi sepanjang waktu disebut iradiasi surya, insolasi atau eksposur surya. Namun, insolasi sering kali dipakai secara bergantian dengan iradiansi dalam praktiknya.

Referensi

Referensi umum

Willson, Richard C.; H.S. Hudson (1991). "The Sun's luminosity over a complete solar cycle". Nature. 351 (6321): 42–4. Bibcode:1991Natur.351...42W. doi:10.1038/351042a0.
"The Sun and Climate". U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 0095-00. Diakses tanggal 2005-02-21.
Foukal, Peter; et al. (1977). "The effects of sunspots and faculae on the solar constant". Astrophysical Journal. 215: 952. Bibcode:1977ApJ...215..952F. doi:10.1086/155431.
Stetson, H.T. (1937). Sunspots and Their Effects. New York: McGraw Hill.
Yaskell, Steven Haywood (31 December 2012). Grand Phases On The Sun: The case for a mechanism responsible for extended solar minima and maxima. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4669-6300-9.

Pranala luar

Recent Total Solar Irradiance data Diarsipkan 2013-07-06 di Wayback Machine. updated every Monday
San Francisco Solar Map
European Commission- Interactive Maps Diarsipkan 2018-09-20 di Wayback Machine.
Yesterday‘s Australian Solar Radiation Map
Net surface solar radiation Diarsipkan 2016-03-03 di Wayback Machine.
Solar Radiation using Google Maps
SMARTS, software to compute solar insolation of each date/location of earth [1]
NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Diarsipkan 2017-02-07 di Wayback Machine.
insol: R package for insolation on complex terrain
Online insolation calculator

@@ Baris 13: / Baris 13: @@
 == Pranala luar ==
-* [http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/data/tsi_data.htm Recent Total Solar Irradiance data] updated every Monday
+* [http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/data/tsi_data.htm Recent Total Solar Irradiance data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706054409/http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/data/tsi_data.htm |date=2013-07-06 }} updated every Monday
 * [http://www.sfog.us/solar/sfsolar.htm San Francisco Solar Map]
-* [http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php European Commission- Interactive Maps]
+* [http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php European Commission- Interactive Maps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920172142/http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/apps4/pvest.php |date=2018-09-20 }}
 * [http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/awap/solar/index.jsp Yesterday‘s Australian Solar Radiation Map]
-* [http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter05/chapter05_06.htm Net surface solar radiation]
+* [http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter05/chapter05_06.htm Net surface solar radiation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234841/http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter05/chapter05_06.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}
 * [http://www.energymatters.com.au/climate-data/ Solar Radiation using Google Maps]
 * SMARTS, software to compute solar insolation of each date/location of earth [http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/smarts/]
-* [https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse/grid.cgi?email=skip@larc.nasa.gov NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy]
+* [https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse/grid.cgi?email=skip@larc.nasa.gov NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113711/https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse/grid.cgi?email=skip@larc.nasa.gov |date=2017-02-07 }}
 * [https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/insol/index.html insol: R package for insolation on complex terrain]
 * [http://www.meteoexploration.com/products/SolarCalculator.html Online insolation calculator]