Proyek Percobaan Apollo–Soyuz: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| insignia_caption = Logo resmi Apollo–Soyuz yang digunakan masing-masing oleh [[NASA]] dan [[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]] |
| insignia_caption = Logo resmi Apollo–Soyuz yang digunakan masing-masing oleh [[NASA]] dan [[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]] |
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| crew_photo = Portrait of ASTP crews - restoration.jpg |
| crew_photo = Portrait of ASTP crews - restoration.jpg |
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{{Commons category|Apollo-Soyuz Test Project}} |
{{Commons category|Apollo-Soyuz Test Project}} |
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* [http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Soyuz/ASTP/ASTPMission.php ASTP Chronology] |
* [http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Soyuz/ASTP/ASTPMission.php ASTP Chronology] |
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* [http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/astp/astp.html ASTP home page] |
* [http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/astp/astp.html ASTP home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725172011/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/astp/astp.html |date=2009-07-25 }} |
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* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/soyuz.html Apollo–Soyuz] |
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/soyuz.html Apollo–Soyuz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225184511/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/soyuz.html |date=2021-02-25 }} |
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* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4209/toc.htm The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project] – ''the official NASA history of the mission'' |
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4209/toc.htm The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123000956/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4209/toc.htm |date=2011-01-23 }} – ''the official NASA history of the mission'' |
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* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19750067869_1975067869.pdf International rendezvous and docking mission (Apollo–Soyuz/Salyut) 1971 – NASA report (PDF format)] |
* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19750067869_1975067869.pdf International rendezvous and docking mission (Apollo–Soyuz/Salyut) 1971 – NASA report (PDF format)] |
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* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19730025080_1973025080.pdf Apollo/Soyuz test project operational data book. Volume 2: ASTP mass properties data book – NASA report (PDF format)] |
* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19730025080_1973025080.pdf Apollo/Soyuz test project operational data book. Volume 2: ASTP mass properties data book – NASA report (PDF format)] |
Revisi terkini sejak 2 Juli 2023 15.42
Jenis misi | Kooperatif/ilmiah |
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Operator | NASA |
COSPAR ID |
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SATCAT no. |
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Durasi misi |
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Frekuensi orbit |
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Properti wahana | |
Wahana antariksa |
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Massa luncur |
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Awak | |
Awak | |
Awal misi | |
Tanggal luncur |
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Roket peluncur | |
Tempat peluncuran | |
Akhir Misi | |
Tanggal mendarat |
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Tempat pendaratan | |
Parameter orbit | |
Sistem rujukan | Orbit geosentris |
Sistem orbit | Orbit bumi rendah |
Ketinggian perigee | 217 km |
Ketinggian apoogee | 231 km |
Inklinasi | 51.75° |
Periode | 88.91 menit |
Dock | |
Tanggal dock | Pertama: 16:19:09, 17 Juli 1975 (UTC) |
Akhir dock | Terakhir: 15:26:12, 19 Juli 1975 (UTC) |
Durasi dock | 47 jam 7 menit |
Proyek Percobaan Apollo-Soyuz atau Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) (Rusia: Экспериментальный полёт «Союз» - «Аполлон», Eksperimantalniy Polyot Soyuz-Apollon, lit. "Penerbangan Eksperimental Soyuz-Apollo") merupakan misi antariksa internasional pertama, yang dilakukan pada bulan Juli 1975 oleh Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet, sebagai simbol kebijakan détente bahwa dua negara adidaya yang berlomba pada saat itu. Misi ini dianggap sebagai akhir dari perlombaan angkasa, yang dimulai sejak 1957 dengan peluncuran Sputnik 1.[1]
Proyek ini melibatkan penyandaran dari Apollo Command/Service Module dengan Soviet Soyuz 19. Tiga astronaut Amerika Serikat dan dua kosmonaut Uni Soviet melakukan eksperimen ilmiah gabungan dan terpisah. Apollo-Soyuz merupakan penerbangan berawak terakhir Amerika Serikat selama enam tahun, sebelum peluncuran pertama pesawat ulang-alik pada April 1981, dan penerbangan antariksa berawak menggunakan kapsul terakhir Amerika Serikat sebelum Crew Dragon Demo-2 pada 2020.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Samuels, Richard J., ed. (December 21, 2005). Encyclopedia of United States National Security (edisi ke-1st). SAGE Publications. hlm. 669. ISBN 978-0-7619-2927-7.
Most observers felt that the U.S. moon landing ended the space race with a decisive American victory. […] The formal end of the space race occurred with the 1975 joint Apollo–Soyuz mission, in which U.S. and Soviet spacecraft docked, or joined, in orbit while their crews visited one another's craft and performed joint scientific experiments.
- ASTP Chronology
- ASTP home page Diarsipkan 2009-07-25 di Wayback Machine.
- Apollo–Soyuz Diarsipkan 2021-02-25 di Wayback Machine.
- The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Diarsipkan 2011-01-23 di Wayback Machine. – the official NASA history of the mission
- International rendezvous and docking mission (Apollo–Soyuz/Salyut) 1971 – NASA report (PDF format)
- Apollo/Soyuz test project operational data book. Volume 2: ASTP mass properties data book – NASA report (PDF format)
- Apollo–Soyuz test project operation handbook command service docking modules systems operating procedures – NASA flight operations manual (PDF Format)
- NASA History Series Publications (many of which are on-line)
- «Apollo-Soyuz» – tell Soviet scientists, engineers and astronauts – participants of the joint work of American specialists, Politizdat 1976, with a circulation of 100 000 copies.
- Media
- Sebuah klip film of ASTP Highlights dapat diunduh di Internet Archive [more]
- Film pendek The Apollo-Soyuz Mission tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek Apollo Soyuz (1975) tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek MISSION OF APOLLO-SOYUZ (1975) tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek 25 Years of Progress, Episode 9: Transition Years (1983) tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Facts (1975) tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Facts, Part B (1975) tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Facts, Part C (1975) tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek History of Space Travel, Episode 13: The Mission of Apollo-Soyuz tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya]
- Film pendek CMP_249_Our_Laboratories_in_Space_Episode7.wmv tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya] (several types of media formats are available)
- Film pendek https://archive.org/details/Jsc-603Apollo17-OnTheShouldersOfGiants.wmv tersedia untuk diunduh secara gratis di the Internet Archive [selebihnya] (several types of media formats are available)