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|ceiling=
|ceiling=
|altitude=5 m-25 km (16.5-82,000 ft)
|altitude=5 m-25 km (16.5-82,000 ft)
|filling=22 kg[http://ktrv.ru/production/68/649/652/] [[High Explosive|HE]], fragmenting
|filling=22 kg [http://ktrv.ru/production/68/649/652/] [[High Explosive|HE]], fragmenting
|guidance=[[inertial guidance|Inertial]] with [[mid-course update]] and terminal [[active radar homing]]
|guidance=[[inertial guidance|Inertial]] with [[mid-course update]] and terminal [[active radar homing]]
|detonation=[[laser]] proximity fuze
|detonation=[[laser]] proximity fuze
Baris 32: Baris 32:
[[Berkas:Seeker Vympel-R-77-maks2009.jpg|jmpl|]]
[[Berkas:Seeker Vympel-R-77-maks2009.jpg|jmpl|]]


⚫
[[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] '''R-77 (RVV-AE)'''Rusia ([[kode NATO]]: '''AA-12 Adder''') adalah sebuah [[Peluru kendali|rudal]] jarak menengah, [[Peluru kendali udara ke udara|udara-ke-udara]], [[tembak-dan-lupakan]], dan berkendali [[radar aktif]]. [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] R-77 diklaim lebih superior dibanding [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] Amerika.<ref name="FAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm|title=Federation of American Scientists - "AA-12 ADDER R-77"|accessdate=2006-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204170726/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm|archive-date=4 December 2004|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2018b">{{cite journal| author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)| authorlink=International Institute for Strategic Studies| title=The Military Balance 2018| journal=The Military Balance| volume=118| issue=| pages=| publisher=Routledge| date=14 February 2018| language=english| doi= }}</ref><ref name="2018b"/><ref name="2018b"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://warisboring.com/russias-most-feared-air-to-air-missile-is-actually-kind-of-a-dud/|title=Russia’s Most Feared Air-to-Air Missile Is Actually Kind of a Dud|publisher=War is Boring|first=Tom|last=Cooper|access-date=30 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110448/https://warisboring.com/russias-most-feared-air-to-air-missile-is-actually-kind-of-a-dud/|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

⚫
[[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] '''R-77 (RVV-AE)'''Rusia ([[kode NATO]]: '''AA-12 Adder''') adalah sebuah [[Peluru kendali|rudal]] jarak menengah, [[Peluru kendali udara ke udara|udara-ke-udara]], [[tembak-dan-lupakan]], dan berkendali [[radar aktif]]. [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] R-77 diklaim lebih superior dibanding [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] Amerika.<ref name="FAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm|title=Federation of American Scientists - "AA-12 ADDER R-77"|accessdate=2006-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204170726/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm|archive-date=4 December 2004|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2018b">{{cite journal| author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)| authorlink=International Institute for Strategic Studies| title=The Military Balance 2018| journal=The Military Balance| volume=118| issue=| pages=| publisher=Routledge| date=14 February 2018| language=english| doi= }}</ref><ref name="2018b"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://warisboring.com/russias-most-feared-air-to-air-missile-is-actually-kind-of-a-dud/|title=Russia’s Most Feared Air-to-Air Missile Is Actually Kind of a Dud|publisher=War is Boring|first=Tom|last=Cooper|access-date=30 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110448/https://warisboring.com/russias-most-feared-air-to-air-missile-is-actually-kind-of-a-dud/|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2018b"/>


== Pengembangan ==
== Pengembangan ==
Pengembangan [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] R-77 dimulai pada 1982, pertama terbang 1984. [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] ini masuk kedinasan resmi tidak lama setelah itu, tetapi produksi berjalan lambat sampai Vympel diberi tugas ini pada tahun 1993.
Pengembangan [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] R-77 dimulai pada 1982, pertama terbang 1984. [[Peluru kendali|Rudal]] ini masuk kedinasan resmi tidak lama setelah itu, tetapi produksi berjalan lambat sampai Vympel diberi tugas ini pada tahun 1993.

[[Berkas:Kh-29T RVV-AE.jpg|jmpl|nir|RVV-AE (kanan)]]


== Varian ==
== Varian ==
Baris 65: Baris 62:
** {{flagicon image|Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]<ref name="2018b"/>
** {{flagicon image|Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]<ref name="2018b"/>
** {{flagicon image|Naval Ensign of China.svg}} [[People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force]]<ref name="2018b"/>
** {{flagicon image|Naval Ensign of China.svg}} [[People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force]]<ref name="2018b"/>
* {{IND}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MKI dan MiG-29UPG <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx |title=R-77|website=www.deagel.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406084044/http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx |archivedate=6 April 2013}} </ref> menerima 500 peluru pada 2014-15, memesan 400 lagi pada 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0620/104552948/detail.shtml |title=ВВС Индии подписали контракт на закупку в России свыше 700 авиационных управляемых ракет |trans-title=Indian air force signs contract for purchase of over 700 aircraft guided missiles in Russia|language=Ru|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/90192/india-signs-usd700-million-deal-with-russia-for-1-000-additional-air-to-air-missiles |title=India signs USD700 million deal with Russia for 1,000 additional air-to-air missiles|first1=Rahul|last1=Bedi|first2=Dmitry|last2=Fediushko|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>
* {{IND}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MKI dan MiG-29UPG <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx |title=R-77|website=www.deagel.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406084044/http://www.deagel.com/Air-to-Air-Missiles/R-77_a001032001.aspx |archivedate=6 April 2013}}</ref> menerima 500 peluru pada 2014-15, memesan 400 lagi pada 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0620/104552948/detail.shtml |title=ВВС Индии подписали контракт на закупку в России свыше 700 авиационных управляемых ракет |trans-title=Indian air force signs contract for purchase of over 700 aircraft guided missiles in Russia|language=Ru|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/90192/india-signs-usd700-million-deal-with-russia-for-1-000-additional-air-to-air-missiles |title=India signs USD700 million deal with Russia for 1,000 additional air-to-air missiles|first1=Rahul|last1=Bedi|first2=Dmitry|last2=Fediushko|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Fin Flash of India.svg}} [[Indian Naval Air Arm]]<ref name="2018b"/>
** {{flagicon image|Fin Flash of India.svg}} [[Indian Naval Air Arm]]<ref name="2018b"/>
* {{INA}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MK2 dan Su-27SKM <ref>2011 Annual Report of Tactical Missile Corporation, {{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821071032/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |archivedate=2012-08-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jakartagreater.com/sukhoi-tni-au-dan-rudal-r-77/|title=Sukhoi TNI AU dan Rudal R-77|work=JakartaGreater|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112123425/http://jakartagreater.com/sukhoi-tni-au-dan-rudal-r-77/|archive-date=12 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{INA}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MK2 dan Su-27SKM <ref>2011 Annual Report of Tactical Missile Corporation, {{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821071032/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |archivedate=2012-08-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jakartagreater.com/sukhoi-tni-au-dan-rudal-r-77/|title=Sukhoi TNI AU dan Rudal R-77|work=JakartaGreater|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112123425/http://jakartagreater.com/sukhoi-tni-au-dan-rudal-r-77/|archive-date=12 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Baris 79: Baris 76:
* {{VIE}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MK2V <ref>{{cite web|url=http://baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201301/Thu-tuong-kiem-tra-ten-lua-cho-Su-30MK2-2214697/|title=Thủ tướng kiểm tra tên lửa cho Su-30MK2|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073512/http://baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201301/Thu-tuong-kiem-tra-ten-lua-cho-Su-30MK2-2214697/|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{VIE}} – untuk pesawat Su-30MK2V <ref>{{cite web|url=http://baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201301/Thu-tuong-kiem-tra-ten-lua-cho-Su-30MK2-2214697/|title=Thủ tướng kiểm tra tên lửa cho Su-30MK2|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073512/http://baodatviet.vn/hinh-anh/201301/Thu-tuong-kiem-tra-ten-lua-cho-Su-30MK2-2214697/|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{YEM}} – 100 peluru sikirim pada 2005 untuk pesawat MiG-29SMT<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/103/103479_Trade-Register-2003-2007.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424080703/https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/103/103479_Trade-Register-2003-2007.doc|url-status=live|archive-date=24 April 2016|title=SIPRI Trade Register|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref>
* {{YEM}} – 100 peluru sikirim pada 2005 untuk pesawat MiG-29SMT<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/103/103479_Trade-Register-2003-2007.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424080703/https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/103/103479_Trade-Register-2003-2007.doc|url-status=live|archive-date=24 April 2016|title=SIPRI Trade Register|accessdate=23 December 2014}}</ref>

==Lihat pula==
* [[Peluru kendali]]
* [[Peluru kendali udara ke udara]]
* [[Pemandu inframerah]]
* [[Imaging inframerah]] (IIR)
* [[Seeker head peluru kendali]]
* [[Tembak-dan-lupakan]]
* [[Radar homing aktif]]
* [[Radar homing semi-aktif]]
* [[Lock-on after launch]]
* [[Sistem Navigasi Inersia]]
* [[Aktuator]]
* [[Sirip]]
* [[Sirip grid]]
* [[Control Actuator Systems (CAS)]]
* [[Mesin roket]]
* [[Roket propelan padat]]
* [[Bahan pendorong]]
* [[STANAG]]
* [[Fase penerbangan peluru kendali balistik]]
* [[Pemandu laser]]
* [[Panduan terminal]]
* [[Impuls spesifik]]
* [[Gaya dorong]]
* [[Hulu ledak]]
* [[Murang proksimitas]]
* [[Fragmentasi (persenjataan)]]
* [[Bom]]
* [[Bahan peledak]]
* [[Radar airborne]]
* [[Radar Intersepsi airborne]]
* [[Radar pengendali tembakan]]
* [[Sistem pengendali tembakan]]
* [[Radar pengendali taktis]]
* [[Airborne Computer System]]
* [[AN/AYK-14]]
* [[Penangkal elektronik|Electronic countermeasure (ECM)]]
* [[Flare]]
* [[Chaff]]
* [[Tautan data]]
* [[Tautan data taktis]]


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
Baris 86: Baris 125:


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm Federation of American Scientists page]
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm Federation of American Scientists page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828093048/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/aa-12.htm |date=2016-08-28 }}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/aa-12-specs.htm GlobalSecurity.org page]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/aa-12-specs.htm GlobalSecurity.org page]
* [http://www.saunalahti.fi/~fta/ruaf-ap5.htm DATA CONCERNING RUSSIAN AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026084149/http://www.saunalahti.fi/~fta/ruaf-ap5.htm |date=2007-10-26 }}
* [http://www.saunalahti.fi/~fta/ruaf-ap5.htm DATA CONCERNING RUSSIAN AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026084149/http://www.saunalahti.fi/~fta/ruaf-ap5.htm |date=2007-10-26 }}
* http://www.avia.ru
* http://www.avia.ru
* http://www.sukhoi.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917004056/https://www.sukhoi.org/ |date=2020-09-17 }}
* http://www.sukhoi.org


{{clr}}
{{clr}}
{{jenis rudal}}
{{jenis rudal}}

{{teknologi-stub}}
{{militer-stub}}
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[[Kategori:Peluru kendali udara ke udara]]
[[Kategori:Peluru kendali udara ke udara]]
[[Kategori:Peluru kendali Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Peluru kendali Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Fire and forget]]
[[Kategori:Tembak-dan-lupakan]]

Revisi terkini sejak 21 Juli 2024 18.57

R-77/RVV-AE
(NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder)

R-77/RVV-AE
(NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder)
Jenis Medium-Range Active-Radar Homing Air-to-Air Missile
Negara asal Rusia
Sejarah pemakaian
Masa penggunaan 1994 (R-77)
Sejarah produksi
Produsen Vympel
Spesifikasi
Berat 175 kg (R-77), 226 kg (R-77M1)
Panjang 3.6 m (R-77)
Diameter 200 mm
Hulu ledak 22 kg [1] HE, fragmenting
Mekanisme
ledakan 		laser proximity fuze
Jenis Mesin Solid fuel rocket motor (R-77), air-breathing ramjet (R-77M1)
Rentang sayap 350 mm
Daya jelajah R-77: 90 km (55.92MI)
R-77M1: 175 km (108.7MI)
Ketinggian terbang 5 m-25 km (16.5-82,000 ft)
Kecepatan Mach 4.5 (R-77)
Sistem
pemandu 		Inertial with mid-course update and terminal active radar homing
Alat
peluncur 		Mikoyan MiG-21-93/Lance/Bison, Mikoyan MiG-29, Mikoyan MiG-31, Mikoyan MiG-35, Sukhoi Su-27SM, Sukhoi Su-30, Sukhoi Su-34, Sukhoi Su-35, Sukhoi Su-37, Sukhoi Su-47, Yakovlev Yak-141
Future Platforms:
HAL Tejas, Sukhoi PAK FA

Rudal R-77 (RVV-AE)Rusia (kode NATO: AA-12 Adder) adalah sebuah rudal jarak menengah, udara-ke-udara, tembak-dan-lupakan, dan berkendali radar aktif. Rudal R-77 diklaim lebih superior dibanding AIM-120 AMRAAM Amerika.[1][2][2][2][3]

Pengembangan

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Pengembangan Rudal R-77 dimulai pada 1982, pertama terbang 1984. Rudal ini masuk kedinasan resmi tidak lama setelah itu, tetapi produksi berjalan lambat sampai Vympel diberi tugas ini pada tahun 1993.

Varian

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R-77 variants:
R-77 (RVV-AE),
R-77PD (RVV-PD),
RVV-ZRK,
K-77M (izdeliye 180),
K-77ME (izdeliyе 180-BD)
  • R-77 (izdeliye 170) – model standart
  • RVV-AE (izdeliye 190) – Model export dari R-77[4]
  • R-77P / RVV-PE – Model pasive homing [5]
  • R-77T / RVV-TE – model infra merah homing [6]
  • R-77-1 (izdeliye 170-1) – Varian buatan Russan-built dengan ujung streamline, seeker head radar aktif 9B-1248 (Izdeliye-50-1), dan sirip baru
  • RVV-SD – Model ekspor R-77-1[7]
  • R-77-SRK – Varian rudal Ship-to-air
  • R-77-ZRK / RVV-AE-ZRK – Varian RVV-ZRK Surface-to-air
  • R-77-PD / RVV-AE-PD – Model ramjet
  • R-77-PD ZRK / RVV-AE-ZRK – Varian RVV-(PD-)ZRK Surface-to-air
  • K-77M (izdeliye 180) – Versi dalam pengembangan untuk Sukhoi Su-57 dengan seeker AESA,[2] sirip konvensional, dan dua pulse motor
  • K-77ME (izdeliye 180-BD) – Model ramjet dari K-77M[8]

Operator

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Map with R-77 operators in blue

Operator saat ini

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Lihat pula

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Referensi

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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Vympel R-77.
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Vympel R-77.
  1. ^ "Federation of American Scientists - "AA-12 ADDER R-77"". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 December 2004. Diakses tanggal 2006-08-19. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (14 February 2018). "The Military Balance 2018". The Military Balance (dalam bahasa english). Routledge. 118. 
  3. ^ Cooper, Tom. "Russia's Most Feared Air-to-Air Missile Is Actually Kind of a Dud". War is Boring. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 August 2018. Diakses tanggal 30 August 2018. 
  4. ^ "RVV-AE". Rosoboronexport. 
  5. ^ "R-77P". www.deagel.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 April 2014. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2014. 
  6. ^ "R-77T". www.deagel.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 April 2014. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2014. 
  7. ^ "RVV-SD". Rosoboronexport. 
  8. ^ "T-50 completes early flight and bench tests". Aviation International News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 31 July 2014. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2014. 
  9. ^ "R-77". www.deagel.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 1 January 2014. 
  10. ^ "Egyptian Armed Forces". defence.pk. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 May 2018. Diakses tanggal 17 November 2017. 
  11. ^ "R-77". www.deagel.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 April 2013. 
  12. ^ "ВВС Индии подписали контракт на закупку в России свыше 700 авиационных управляемых ракет" [Indian air force signs contract for purchase of over 700 aircraft guided missiles in Russia] (dalam bahasa Rusia). 
  13. ^ Bedi, Rahul; Fediushko, Dmitry (31 July 2019). "India signs USD700 million deal with Russia for 1,000 additional air-to-air missiles". 
  14. ^ 2011 Annual Report of Tactical Missile Corporation, "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-21. Diakses tanggal 2013-07-31. 
  15. ^ "Sukhoi TNI AU dan Rudal R-77". JakartaGreater. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2014. 
  16. ^ "Russia Signs $35-Mln Missile Contract with Malaysia". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 2012-10-28. 
  17. ^ "Gobierno eliminaría misiles rusos R-77". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 2014-05-18. 
  18. ^ http://tangosix.rs/2016/23/12/vucic-za-mig-ove-uzimamo-82-rakete/[pranala nonaktif permanen]
  19. ^ "Russia Sells Advanced MiG-29 Fulcrums To Sudan And Yemen". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2014. 
  20. ^ "Russia helps keep Syria's MiG-29s flying". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 June 2014. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2014. 
  21. ^ "Thủ tướng kiểm tra tên lửa cho Su-30MK2". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2014. 
  22. ^ "SIPRI Trade Register". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 April 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2014. 

Pranala luar

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