Alfabet Kiril awal: Perbedaan antara revisi
k Ärkhézja memindahkan halaman Alfabet Kiril lama ke Alfabet Kiril awal Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
k fix |
||
(6 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{Infobox writing system |
{{Infobox writing system |
||
|name = Alfabet Kiril Awal |
|name = Alfabet Kiril Awal |
||
Baris 15: | Baris 16: | ||
|direction =Varies |
|direction =Varies |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Alfabet Kiril Awal''', juga disebut '''Kiril klasik''' atau '''paleo-Cyrillic''', adalah sistem penulisan yang dikembangkan di [[Kerajaan Bulgaria|Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama]] selama akhir abad ke-9<ref>{{cite book | first=Francis | last=Dvornik |title=The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization | quote = The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs. | year=1956 |place=Boston | publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences |page=179}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt |url-access=registration |quote=Cyrillic preslav. |title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250|series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks|author= Florin Curta|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-81539-0|pages= [https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt/page/221 221]–222}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-H9BTVHKRMC&q=+preslav+eastern&pg=PR3-IA34|chapter= The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire|title=Oxford History of the Christian Church|author= J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth|publisher= Oxford University Press|year= 2010|isbn=978-0-19-161488-0|pages= 100}}</ref> dalam basis [[Alfabet Yunani]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dhm0cGdrTOIC&pg=PA123&dq=cyrillic+alphabet&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G7ezT7mVAsbCswapmKmUBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cyrillic%20alphabet&f=false Mauricio Borrero, "Russia", p. 123]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ANb4P5PXDUUC&pg=PA115&dq=cyrillic+alphabet&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G7ezT7mVAsbCswapmKmUBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cyrillic%20alphabet&f=false World Cultures Through Art Activities, Dindy Robinson, p. 115]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QMPvbU8ccqEC&pg=PA42&dq=cyrillic+script&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BrizT-aFEM3ysgao0fWTBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cyrillic%20script&f=false Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets, George L. Campbell, p. 42]</ref> yang berdasarkan pada [[alfabet Yunani]] untuk orang-orang Slavia yang tinggal di dekat [[Kerajaan Bizantium]] di [[Eropa Tenggara]] dan [[Eropa Tengah|Tengah]]. Itu juga digunakan oleh orang-orang '''Slavia''' di Eropa Tenggara, Tengah dan Timur. |
'''Alfabet Kiril Awal''', juga disebut '''Kiril klasik''' atau '''paleo-Cyrillic''', adalah sistem penulisan yang dikembangkan di [[Kerajaan Bulgaria|Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama]] selama akhir abad ke-9<ref>{{cite book | first=Francis | last=Dvornik |title=The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization | url=https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor | quote = The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs. | year=1956 |place=Boston | publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences |page=[https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor/page/n184 179]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt |url-access=registration |quote=Cyrillic preslav. |title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250|series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks|author= Florin Curta|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-81539-0|pages= [https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt/page/221 221]–222}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-H9BTVHKRMC&q=+preslav+eastern&pg=PR3-IA34|chapter= The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire|title=Oxford History of the Christian Church|author= J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth|publisher= Oxford University Press|year= 2010|isbn=978-0-19-161488-0|pages= 100}}</ref> dalam basis [[Alfabet Yunani]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dhm0cGdrTOIC&pg=PA123&dq=cyrillic+alphabet&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G7ezT7mVAsbCswapmKmUBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cyrillic%20alphabet&f=false Mauricio Borrero, "Russia", p. 123]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ANb4P5PXDUUC&pg=PA115&dq=cyrillic+alphabet&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G7ezT7mVAsbCswapmKmUBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cyrillic%20alphabet&f=false World Cultures Through Art Activities, Dindy Robinson, p. 115]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QMPvbU8ccqEC&pg=PA42&dq=cyrillic+script&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BrizT-aFEM3ysgao0fWTBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cyrillic%20script&f=false Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets, George L. Campbell, p. 42]</ref> yang berdasarkan pada [[alfabet Yunani]] untuk orang-orang Slavia yang tinggal di dekat [[Kerajaan Bizantium]] di [[Eropa Tenggara]] dan [[Eropa Tengah|Tengah]]. Itu juga digunakan oleh orang-orang '''Slavia''' di Eropa Tenggara, Tengah dan Timur. |
||
Ini dikembangkan di '''Sekolah Sastra Preslav''' di ibu kota '''Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama''' untuk menulis |
Ini dikembangkan di '''Sekolah Sastra Preslav''' di ibu kota '''Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama''' untuk menulis [[Bahasa Slavonik Gerejawi Kuno]]. Aksara Kiril modern masih digunakan terutama untuk beberapa [[bahasa Slavia]] (seperti [[bahasa Bulgaria]], [[bahasa Makedonia]], [[bahasa Serbia]], [[bahasa Rusia]] dan [[bahasa Ukraina]]), dan untuk bahasa-bahasa [[Eropa Timur]] dan [[Asia]] yang telah mengalami banyak pengaruh budaya Rusia. |
||
Di antara beberapa negara yang secara budaya berpengaruh secara tradisional menggunakan aksara Kiril adalah [[Bulgaria]], [[Rusia]], [[Serbia]], dan [[Ukraina]]. |
Di antara beberapa negara yang secara budaya berpengaruh secara tradisional menggunakan aksara Kiril adalah [[Bulgaria]], [[Rusia]], [[Serbia]], dan [[Ukraina]]. |
||
Baris 38: | Baris 39: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[A ( |
| [[A (Kiril|А а]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|азъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|азъ}} |
||
| azŭ |
| azŭ |
||
Baris 51: | Baris 52: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early Cyrillic letter Buky.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early Cyrillic letter Buky.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[B ( |
| [[B (Kiril)|Б б]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|боукꙑ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|боукꙑ}} |
||
| buky |
| buky |
||
Baris 64: | Baris 65: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Ve ( |
| [[Ve (Kiril)|В в]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|вѣдѣ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|вѣдѣ}} |
||
| vědě |
| vědě |
||
Baris 77: | Baris 78: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Ge ( |
| [[Ge (Kiril)|Г г]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|глаголи}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|глаголи}} |
||
| glagoli |
| glagoli |
||
Baris 90: | Baris 91: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[De ( |
| [[De (Kiril)|Д д]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|добро}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|добро}} |
||
| dobro |
| dobro |
||
Baris 103: | Baris 104: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Ye ( |
| [[Ye (Kiril)|Є є]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|єстъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|єстъ}} |
||
| estŭ |
| estŭ |
||
Baris 116: | Baris 117: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Zhe ( |
| [[Zhe (Kiril)|Ж ж]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|живѣтє}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|живѣтє}} |
||
| živěte |
| živěte |
||
Baris 129: | Baris 130: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Dze ( |
| [[Dze (Kiril)|Ѕ ѕ / Ꙃ ꙃ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѕѣло}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѕѣло}} |
||
| dzělo |
| dzělo |
||
Baris 139: | Baris 140: | ||
| [[Stigma]] Ϛ |
| [[Stigma]] Ϛ |
||
| sangat |
| sangat |
||
| Bentuk [[ꙃ]] hanya memiliki nilai fonetis {{IPA|[dz]}}, [[ѕ]] hanya memiliki nilai numeral <ref name=Lunt/> Sejak abad ke-12, [[ѕ]] menggantikan [[ꙃ]].<ref name="Памятники Старославянскаго языка">Памятники Старославянскаго языка / ''Е. Ѳ. Карскій''. |
| Bentuk [[ꙃ]] hanya memiliki nilai fonetis {{IPA|[dz]}}, [[ѕ]] hanya memiliki nilai numeral <ref name=Lunt/> Sejak abad ke-12, [[ѕ]] menggantikan [[ꙃ]].<ref name="Памятники Старославянскаго языка">Памятники Старославянскаго языка / ''Е. Ѳ. Карскій''. — СПб. : Типографія Императорской Академіи наукъ, 1904. — Т. I, с. 14. — [http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003721357#?page=20 Репринт]</ref><ref>http://www.ruslang.ru/doc/lingistoch/1964/02-simonov.pdf</ref> In many manuscripts [[з]] is used instead, suggesting [[lenition]] had taken place.<ref name=Lunt/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg|60px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg|60px]] |
||
Baris 155: | Baris 156: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[I ( |
| [[I (Kiril)|И и]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ижє}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ижє}} |
||
| iže |
| iže |
||
Baris 168: | Baris 169: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Yi ( |
| [[Yi (Kiril)|Ї ї]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|и}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|и}} |
||
| i |
| i |
||
Baris 191: | Baris 192: | ||
| Glagol ''djerv'' {{Script|Glag|Ⰼ}}? |
| Glagol ''djerv'' {{Script|Glag|Ⰼ}}? |
||
| |
| |
||
| Digunakan di bahasa [[Bahasa Serbo-Kroasia|Serbo Kroasia Bosnia]] awal, atau sebagai transliterasi {{Script|Glag|Ⰼ}} di teks modern dari |
| Digunakan di bahasa [[Bahasa Serbo-Kroasia|Serbo Kroasia Bosnia]] awal, atau sebagai transliterasi {{Script|Glag|Ⰼ}} di teks modern dari Kiril Gereja Awal. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Ka ( |
| [[Ka (Kiril)|К к]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|како}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|како}} |
||
| kako |
| kako |
||
Baris 207: | Baris 208: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[El ( |
| [[El (Kiril)|Л л]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|людиѥ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|людиѥ}} |
||
| ljudije |
| ljudije |
||
Baris 233: | Baris 234: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[En ( |
| [[En (Kiril)|Н н]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|нашь}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|нашь}} |
||
| našĭ |
| našĭ |
||
Baris 246: | Baris 247: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[O ( |
| [[O (Kiril)|О о]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|онъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|онъ}} |
||
| onŭ |
| onŭ |
||
Baris 259: | Baris 260: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[P ( |
| [[P (Kiril)|П п]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|покои}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|покои}} |
||
| pokoi |
| pokoi |
||
Baris 272: | Baris 273: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[R ( |
| [[R (Kiril)|Р р]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|рьци}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|рьци}} |
||
| rĭci |
| rĭci |
||
Baris 298: | Baris 299: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Te ( |
| [[Te (Kiril)|Т т]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|тврьдо}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|тврьдо}} |
||
| tvrĭdo |
| tvrĭdo |
||
Baris 311: | Baris 312: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg|60px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg|60px]] |
||
| [[Uk ( |
| [[Uk (Kiril)|Оу оу / Ꙋ ꙋ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|оукъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|оукъ}} |
||
| ukŭ |
| ukŭ |
||
Baris 337: | Baris 338: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Kha ( |
| [[Kha (Kiril)|Х х]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|хѣръ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|хѣръ}} |
||
| xěrŭ |
| xěrŭ |
||
Baris 350: | Baris 351: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Omega ( |
| [[Omega (Kiril)|Ѡ ѡ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|отъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|отъ}} |
||
| otŭ |
| otŭ |
||
Baris 363: | Baris 364: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg|60px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg|60px]] |
||
| [[Tse ( |
| [[Tse (Kiril)|Ц ц]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ци}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ци}} |
||
| ci |
| ci |
||
Baris 376: | Baris 377: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg|60px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg|60px]] |
||
| [[Che ( |
| [[Che (Kiril)|Ч ч]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|чрьвь}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|чрьвь}} |
||
| črĭvĭ |
| črĭvĭ |
||
Baris 386: | Baris 387: | ||
| Glagol ''cherv'' Ⱍ |
| Glagol ''cherv'' Ⱍ |
||
| cacing |
| cacing |
||
| Huruf ini menggantikan [[Koppa ( |
| Huruf ini menggantikan [[Koppa (Kiril)|koppa]].<ref name=Lunt/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Sha ( |
| [[Sha (Kiril)|Ш ш]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ша}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ша}} |
||
| ša |
| ša |
||
Baris 402: | Baris 403: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early Cyrillic letter Shta.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early Cyrillic letter Shta.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Shca ( |
| [[Shca (Kiril)|Щ щ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ща}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ща}} |
||
| šta |
| šta |
||
Baris 428: | Baris 429: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Yery ( |
| [[Yery (Kiril|Ꙑ ꙑ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѥрꙑ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѥрꙑ}} |
||
| jery |
| jery |
||
Baris 493: | Baris 494: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Ju (Kiril)|Ю ю]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ю}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ю}} |
||
| ju |
| ju |
||
Baris 503: | Baris 504: | ||
| ligatur І-ОУ, penurunan У |
| ligatur І-ОУ, penurunan У |
||
| |
| |
||
| Sebelumnya tidak ada suara io dalam huruf |
| Sebelumnya tidak ada suara io dalam huruf Kiril |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Yus |
| [[Yus|Ѫ ѫ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѫсъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѫсъ}} |
||
| ǫsŭ |
| ǫsŭ |
||
Baris 519: | Baris 520: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Yus|Ѭ ѭ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѭсъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѭсъ}} |
||
| jǫsŭ |
| jǫsŭ |
||
Baris 532: | Baris 533: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Yus |
| [[Yus|Ѧ ѧ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѧсъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѧсъ}} |
||
| ęsŭ |
| ęsŭ |
||
Baris 545: | Baris 546: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Yus|Ѩ ѩ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѩсъ}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѩсъ}} |
||
| jęsŭ |
| jęsŭ |
||
Baris 571: | Baris 572: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Psi ( |
| [[Psi (Kiril)|Ѱ ѱ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѱи}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|ѱи}} |
||
| psi |
| psi |
||
Baris 609: | Baris 610: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg|40px]] |
| style="background: white;" | [[File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg|40px]] |
||
| [[Koppa ( |
| [[Koppa (Kiril)|Ҁ ҁ]] |
||
| {{Script|Cyrs|копа}} |
| {{Script|Cyrs|копа}} |
||
| kopa |
| kopa |
||
Baris 619: | Baris 620: | ||
| [[Koppa]] Ϙ |
| [[Koppa]] Ϙ |
||
| |
| |
||
| Huruf ini tak memiliki suara, hanya melambangkan nomor 1300 yang kemudian digantikan oleh [[Che ( |
| Huruf ini tak memiliki suara, hanya melambangkan nomor 1300 yang kemudian digantikan oleh [[Che (Kiril)]] atau črĭvĭ.<ref name=Lunt/> |
||
|} |
|} |
Revisi terkini sejak 12 Juni 2023 03.50
Alfabet Kiril Awal | |
---|---|
Jenis aksara | |
Bahasa | Slavia Gereja lama, Slavia Gereja, wujud lama dari banyak Bahasa Slavia |
Periode | sekitar tahun 893 di Bulgaria[1] |
Arah penulisan | Varies |
Aksara terkait | |
Silsilah | |
Aksara kerabat | Alfabet Latin Alfabet Koptik Alfabet Armenia |
ISO 15924 | |
ISO 15924 | Cyrs, 221 , Sirilik (Gereja Slavonik Kuno) |
Pengkodean Unicode | |
| |
Alfabet Kiril Awal, juga disebut Kiril klasik atau paleo-Cyrillic, adalah sistem penulisan yang dikembangkan di Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama selama akhir abad ke-9[3][4][5] dalam basis Alfabet Yunani[6][7][8] yang berdasarkan pada alfabet Yunani untuk orang-orang Slavia yang tinggal di dekat Kerajaan Bizantium di Eropa Tenggara dan Tengah. Itu juga digunakan oleh orang-orang Slavia di Eropa Tenggara, Tengah dan Timur.
Ini dikembangkan di Sekolah Sastra Preslav di ibu kota Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama untuk menulis Bahasa Slavonik Gerejawi Kuno. Aksara Kiril modern masih digunakan terutama untuk beberapa bahasa Slavia (seperti bahasa Bulgaria, bahasa Makedonia, bahasa Serbia, bahasa Rusia dan bahasa Ukraina), dan untuk bahasa-bahasa Eropa Timur dan Asia yang telah mengalami banyak pengaruh budaya Rusia.
Di antara beberapa negara yang secara budaya berpengaruh secara tradisional menggunakan aksara Kiril adalah Bulgaria, Rusia, Serbia, dan Ukraina.
Alfabet
[sunting | sunting sumber]Gambar | Unicode | Nama (Alfabet Kiril) |
Nama (transliterasi) |
Nama (IPA) |
transliterasi sistem internasional[9][10] | Translit. ALA-LC[11] | IPA | Numeral | Asal | Arti dari nama | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
А а | азъ | azŭ | [azŭ] | a | a | [a] | 1 | Alfa A | I | ||
Б б | боукꙑ | buky | [bukɯ] | b | b | [b] | beta dalam bentuk Thera | huruf | |||
В в | вѣдѣ | vědě | [vædæ] | v | v | [v] | 2 | Beta B | tahu | ||
Г г | глаголи | glagoli | [ɡlaɡoli] | g | g | [ɡ][9] | 3 | Gamma Γ | bicara | Saat ditandai dengan patalisasi, huruf ini menjadi [ɟ].[9] | |
Д д | добро | dobro | [dobro] | d | d | [d] | 4 | Delta Δ | Bagus | ||
Є є | єстъ | estŭ | [jɛstŭ] | e | e | [ɛ] | 5 | Epsilon Ε | adalah | Diucapkan sebagai [jɛ].[9] | |
Ж ж | живѣтє | živěte | [ʒivætɛ] | ž | zh | [ʒ] | Huruf Glagol zhivete Ⰶ | hidup | |||
Ѕ ѕ / Ꙃ ꙃ | ѕѣло | dzělo | [dzælo] | dz/ʒ | ż | [dz] | 6 | Stigma Ϛ | sangat | Bentuk ꙃ hanya memiliki nilai fonetis [dz], ѕ hanya memiliki nilai numeral [9] Sejak abad ke-12, ѕ menggantikan ꙃ.[12][13] In many manuscripts з is used instead, suggesting lenition had taken place.[9] | |
З з / Ꙁ ꙁ | зємл҄ꙗ | zemlja | [zɛmʎa] | z | z | [z] | 7 | Zeta ζ | Bumi | ||
И и | ижє | iže | [jiʒɛ] | i | и=i, й=ĭ | [i] | 8 | Eta Η | yang bagaimana | Dilafalkan sebagai [ji] atau [jĭ] saat tidak dibubuhi dengan konsonan dan ‹i› ("Dan"); dalam ortografi [ji] dan [jĭ] tidak dibedakan. | |
Ї ї | и | i | [i] | i | ī | [i] | 10 | Iota Ι | dan | Dilafalkan sebagai [ji] atau [jĭ] saat tidak dibubuhi dengan konsonan dan ‹i› ("Dan"); dalam ortografi [ji] dan [jĭ] tidak dibedakan. | |
Ꙉ ꙉ | ꙉерв | djerv | [dʑɛrv], [tɕɛrv] | ǵ | ǵ | [dʑ], [tɕ] | Glagol djerv Templat:Script/Glagolitic? | Digunakan di bahasa Serbo Kroasia Bosnia awal, atau sebagai transliterasi Templat:Script/Glagolitic di teks modern dari Kiril Gereja Awal. | |||
К к | како | kako | [kako] | k | k | [k] | 20 | Kappa Κ | Sebagai | Saat ditandai dengan patalisasi, huruf ini diucapkan sebagai [c].[9] | |
Л л | людиѥ | ljudije | [ʎudijɛ] | l | l | [l], terkadang [ʎ][9] | 30 | Lambda Λ | Orang | Saat ditandai dengan patalisasi, atau dengan patalisas vokal (ю, ѭ, atau ꙗ, dan terkadang ѣ), Huruf ini dilafalkan sebagai [ʎ].[9] | |
М м | мꙑслитє | myslite | [mɯslitɛ] | m | m | [m] | 40 | Mu Μ | Berpikir | ||
Н н | нашь | našĭ | [naʃĭ] | n | n | [n]; sometimes [ɲ][9] | 50 | Nu Ν | Milik kita | Saat ditandai dengan patalisasi, atau dengan patalisas vokal (ю, ѭ, atau ꙗ, dan terkadang ѣ), Huruf ini dilafalkan sebagai [ɲ].[9] | |
О о | онъ | onŭ | [onŭ] | o | o | [o] | 70 | Omicron Ο | dia (laki-laki) | ||
П п | покои | pokoi | [pokojĭ] | p | p | [p] | 80 | pi Π | tenang | ||
Р р | рьци | rĭci | [rĭtsi] | r | r | [r], tekadang [rʲ][9] | 100 | Rho Ρ | mengatakan | Saat ditandai dengan patalisasi, atau dengan patalisas vokal (ю, ѭ, atau ꙗ, dan terkadang ѣ), Huruf ini dilafalkan sebagai [rʲ]. | |
С с | слово | slovo | [slovo] | s | s | [s] | 200 | Sigma Ϲ | pembicaraan | ||
Т т | тврьдо | tvrĭdo | [tvrĭdo] | t | t | [t] | 300 | Tau Τ | yakin | ||
Оу оу / Ꙋ ꙋ | оукъ | ukŭ | [ukŭ] | u | оу=u, ꙋ=ū | [u] | 400 | omicron-upsilon ΟΥ / Ꙋ | Belajar | memiliki kedekatan hubungan digraf dengan izhitsa: Оѵ оѵ. | |
Ф ф | фрьтъ | frĭtŭ | [frrĭtŭ] | f | f | [f], Mungkin Juga [p][9] | 500 | Fi Φ | Huruf ini tidak diperlukan dalam bahasa Slavia.[9] | ||
Х х | хѣръ | xěrŭ | [xærŭ] | ch/x | kh | [x] | 600 | chi Χ | Saat ditandai dengan patalisasi, huruf iniini diucapkan sebagai [ç].[9] | ||
Ѡ ѡ | отъ | otŭ | [otŭ] | o/v | ѡ=ō, ѿ=ō͡t | [o] | 800 | omega ω | Dari | Huruf iniini jarang digunakan, biasanya digunakan sebagai dekoratif huruf Kapital.[9] | |
Ц ц | ци | ci | [tsi] | c | t͡s | [ts] | 900 | Glagol tsi Ⱌ | |||
Ч ч | чрьвь | črĭvĭ | [tʃrĭvĭ] | č | ch | [tʃ] | 90 | Glagol cherv Ⱍ | cacing | Huruf ini menggantikan koppa.[9] | |
Ш ш | ша | ša | [ʃa] | š | sh | [ʃ] | Glagol sha Ⱎ | ||||
Щ щ | ща | šta | [ʃta] | št | sht | [ʃt] | Glagol shta Ⱋ | ||||
Ъ ъ | ѥръ | jerŭ | [jɛrŭ] | ъ/ŭ | ″, dibelakang kata | [ŭ] atau [ʊ][9] | Glagolitic yer Ⱏ[1] | setelah č, š, ž, c, dz, št, dan žd, huruf ini digunakan secara identik sebagai ь.[9] | |||
Ꙑ ꙑ | ѥрꙑ | jery | [jɛrɯ] | y | ы=ȳ, ꙑ=y, | [ɯ] atau [ɯji] atau [ɯjĭ][9] | ligatur Ъ + І. | Ꙑ lebih sering dijumpai | |||
Ь ь | ѥрь | jerĭ | [jɛrĭ] | ь/ĭ | ′ | [ĭ] atau [ɪ][9] | Glagol yerj Ⱐ[1] | ||||
Ѣ ѣ | ѣть | ětĭ | [jætĭ] | ě | ě | [æ][9] | Glagol yat Ⱑ[1] | ||||
Ꙗ ꙗ | ꙗ | ja | [ja] | ja | i͡a | [ja] | І-А ligature | This letter was probably not present in the original Cyrillic alphabet.[1] | |||
Ѥ ѥ | ѥ | je | [jɛ] | je | i͡e | [jɛ] | ligatur І-Є | huruf ini kemungkinan tidak terdapat didi aksara kiril | |||
Ю ю | ю | ju | [ju] | ju | i͡u | [ju] | ligatur І-ОУ, penurunan У | Sebelumnya tidak ada suara io dalam huruf Kiril | |||
Ѫ ѫ | ѫсъ | ǫsŭ | [ɔ̃sŭ] | ǫ | ǫ | [ɔ̃] | Glagol ons Ⱘ | disebut юсъ большой (yus besar) di bahasa Rusia. | |||
Ѭ ѭ | ѭсъ | jǫsŭ | [jɔ̃sŭ] | jǫ | i͡ǫ | [jɔ̃] | І-Ѫ | Setelah č, š, ž, c, dz, št dan žd, huruf ini diucapkan [ɔ̃], tanpa iotasi. | |||
Ѧ ѧ | ѧсъ | ęsŭ | [jɛ̃sŭ] | ę | ę | [ɛ̃] | 900 | Glagol ens Ⱔ | Diucapkan sebagai [jɛ̃] saat tidak dibubuhi konsonan.[9] | ||
Ѩ ѩ | ѩсъ | jęsŭ | [jɛ̃sŭ] | ję | i͡ę | [jɛ̃] | ligatur І-Ѧ | ||||
Ѯ ѯ | ѯи | ksi | [ksi] | ks | k͡s | [ks] | 60 | Xi Ξ | Kedua huruf ini tidak diperlukan untuk bahasa Slavia tetapi digunakan untuk menuliskan bahasa Yunani dan sebagai angka. | ||
Ѱ ѱ | ѱи | psi | [psi] | ps | p͡s | [ps] | 700 | psi Ψ | |||
Ѳ ѳ | фита | fita | [fita] | t/f/th | ḟ | [t], atau mungkindengan [θ] | 9 | Theta Θ | Huruf ini tidak diperlukan dalam bahasa Slavia, hanya sebagai transkripsi bahasa Yunani ddan sistem nomor | ||
Ѵ ѵ | ижица | ižica | [jiʒitsa] | i,ü | ѷ=ẏ, ѵ=v̇ | [i], [y], [v] | 400 | upsilon Υ | kecil | ||
Ҁ ҁ | копа | kopa | [kopa] | q | tak punya suara | 90 | Koppa Ϙ | Huruf ini tak memiliki suara, hanya melambangkan nomor 1300 yang kemudian digantikan oleh Che (Kiril) atau črĭvĭ.[9] |
- ^ a b c d e Auty, R. Handbook of Old Church Slavonic, Part II: Texts and Glossary. 1977.
- ^ Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.
- ^ Dvornik, Francis (1956). The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. hlm. 179.
The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.
- ^ Florin Curta (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 221–222. ISBN 978-0-521-81539-0.
Cyrillic preslav.
- ^ J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010). "The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire". Oxford History of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. hlm. 100. ISBN 978-0-19-161488-0.
- ^ Mauricio Borrero, "Russia", p. 123
- ^ World Cultures Through Art Activities, Dindy Robinson, p. 115
- ^ Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets, George L. Campbell, p. 42
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaLunt
- ^ Matthews, W. K. (1952). "The Latinisation of Cyrillic Characters". The Slavonic and East European Review. 30 (75): 531–548. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4204350.
- ^ "Church Slavic (ALA-LC Romanization Tables)" (PDF). The Library of Congress. 2011. Diakses tanggal 2020-11-18.
- ^ Памятники Старославянскаго языка / Е. Ѳ. Карскій. — СПб. : Типографія Императорской Академіи наукъ, 1904. — Т. I, с. 14. — Репринт
- ^ http://www.ruslang.ru/doc/lingistoch/1964/02-simonov.pdf