Abdul Qadeer Khan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{penjelasan singkat|insinyur nuklir Pakistan (1936–2021)}} |
{{penjelasan singkat|insinyur nuklir Pakistan (1936–2021)}} |
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{{Infobox scientist |
{{Infobox scientist |
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| name |
| name = Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan |
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| honorific_suffix |
| honorific_suffix = {{medium|[[Nishan-i-Haider|NI]] [[Hilal-i-Haider|IU]] [[Fellow of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences|FPAS]]}} |
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| image = Abdul Qadeer Khan.jpg |
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| caption = Khan in 2019 |
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| birth_name = <!-- if different from "name" --> |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|4|1}} |
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| birth_place |
| birth_place = [[Bhopal]], [[Negara Bagian Bhopal]], [[Kemaharajaan Britania|India Britania]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|10|10|1936|4|1|df=y}} |
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| death_place |
| death_place = [[Islamabad]], Pakistan |
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⚫ | | doctoral_advisor = Martin J. Brabers<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200511/aq-khan/2 |title=The Wrath of Khan |work=The Atlantic |date=4 February 2004 |access-date=26 September 2010 |archive-date=2008-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514021521/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200511/aq-khan/2 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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| known_for |
| known_for = [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|Pakistan's nuclear weapons program]], [[gaseous diffusion]], [[martensite]] and [[graphene morphology]] |
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| influences = |
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| awards |
| awards = [[Berkas:Nishan-e-Imtiaz Ribbon.png|27px]] [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|Nishan-i-Imtiaz]] (1996;1999)<br/>[[Berkas:Nishan-e-Imtiaz Ribbon.png|27px]] [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|Hilal-i-Imtiaz]] (1989) |
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| children = 5 |
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| website |
| website = {{URL|http://web.archive.org/web/20190710023836/http://www.draqkhan.com.pk/|draqkhan.com.pk}} |
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| office = [[Kementerian Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (Pakistan)#Penasihat Ilmu Pengetahuan|Penasihat Ilmu Pengetahuan Sekretarian Kepresidenan]] |
| office = [[Kementerian Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (Pakistan)#Penasihat Ilmu Pengetahuan|Penasihat Ilmu Pengetahuan Sekretarian Kepresidenan]] |
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* The spread of Nuclear weapons among nations: Militarization or Development, pp. 417–430. (Ref. Nuclear War Nuclear Proliferation and their consequences "Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium organised by the Group De Bellerive Geneva 27–29 June 1985", Edited by: Sadruddin Aga Khan, Published by Clarendon Press-Oxford 1986). |
* The spread of Nuclear weapons among nations: Militarization or Development, pp. 417–430. (Ref. Nuclear War Nuclear Proliferation and their consequences "Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium organised by the Group De Bellerive Geneva 27–29 June 1985", Edited by: Sadruddin Aga Khan, Published by Clarendon Press-Oxford 1986). |
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* Flow-induced vibrations in [[Gas-filled tube|Gas-tube assembly]] of [[Gas centrifuge|centrifuges]]. ''Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology'', 23(9) (September 1986), pp. 819–827. |
* Flow-induced vibrations in [[Gas-filled tube|Gas-tube assembly]] of [[Gas centrifuge|centrifuges]]. ''Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology'', 23(9) (September 1986), pp. 819–827. |
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*Dimensional [[Anisotropy#Material science and engineering|anisotropy]] in 18% of maraging steel,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Murtaza |first=Ghulam |author2=Zhahour Ahmad |title=Condense Matter Physics |journal=Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics |date=21 November 1998 |volume=7 |series=7 |issue=7 |pages=2/3 |url=http://pps-pak.org/proceedings/Seventh-Proc-1998.pdf |access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref> Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with Anwar-ul-Haq, Mohammad Farooq, S. Qaisar, published at the [[Pakistan Physics Society]] (1998). |
*Dimensional [[Anisotropy#Material science and engineering|anisotropy]] in 18% of maraging steel,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Murtaza |first=Ghulam |author2=Zhahour Ahmad |title=Condense Matter Physics |journal=Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics |date=21 November 1998 |volume=7 |series=7 |issue=7 |pages=2/3 |url=http://pps-pak.org/proceedings/Seventh-Proc-1998.pdf |access-date=16 January 2012 |archive-date=2015-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231215516/http://pps-pak.org/proceedings/Seventh-Proc-1998.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with Anwar-ul-Haq, Mohammad Farooq, S. Qaisar, published at the [[Pakistan Physics Society]] (1998). |
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* [[Thermodynamics]] of [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|Non-equilibrium phases]] in [[Electron beam welding|Electron-beam]] rapid [[Freezing|solidification]],<ref name="Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiners in Physics">{{cite web |title=Frontiers in Physics |url=http://pps-pak.org/proceedings/Second-Proc-1988.pdf |work=13 December 1988 |publisher=Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiners in Physics |access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref> Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with A. Tauqeer, Fakhar Hashmi, publisher [[Pakistan Physics Society]] (1988). |
* [[Thermodynamics]] of [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|Non-equilibrium phases]] in [[Electron beam welding|Electron-beam]] rapid [[Freezing|solidification]],<ref name="Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiners in Physics">{{cite web |title=Frontiers in Physics |url=http://pps-pak.org/proceedings/Second-Proc-1988.pdf |work=13 December 1988 |publisher=Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiners in Physics |access-date=16 January 2012 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523000441/http://pps-pak.org/proceedings/Second-Proc-1988.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with A. Tauqeer, Fakhar Hashmi, publisher [[Pakistan Physics Society]] (1988). |
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=== Buku === |
=== Buku === |
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*{{Cite book |last=Kan |first=Shirley A. |contribution=§''A.Q. Khan's nuclear network'' |pages=5–6 |title=China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy issues |location=Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service (CRS) |year=2009 |isbn=<!--Congressional Research Service (CRS)--> }} |
*{{Cite book |last=Kan |first=Shirley A. |contribution=§''A.Q. Khan's nuclear network'' |pages=5–6 |title=China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy issues |location=Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service (CRS) |year=2009 |isbn=<!--Congressional Research Service (CRS)--> }} |
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*{{Cite book |last=(BIIP) |first=[[Bureau of International Information Programs]] |contribution=§''A.Q. Khan and the nuclear market'' |editor-last=Cooney|editor-first=Thomas E.|editor2-last=Denny |editor2-first=David Anthony |pages=1–40 [30–33] |title=E=mc²: Today's Nuclear Equation |location=Washington, DC: United States |year=2005 |isbn=<!--United States Department of State--> |publisher=Judith S. Seagal }} |
*{{Cite book |last=(BIIP) |first=[[Bureau of International Information Programs]] |contribution=§''A.Q. Khan and the nuclear market'' |editor-last=Cooney|editor-first=Thomas E.|editor2-last=Denny |editor2-first=David Anthony |pages=1–40 [30–33] |title=E=mc²: Today's Nuclear Equation |location=Washington, DC: United States |year=2005 |isbn=<!--United States Department of State--> |publisher=Judith S. Seagal }} |
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*{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=Jeremy |title=Physicists on Wall Street and other essays on science and society |date=2008 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-0387765068 }} |
*{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=Jeremy |title=Physicists on Wall Street and other essays on science and society |url=https://archive.org/details/physicistsonwall0000bern |date=2008 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-0387765068 }} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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*[http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Khan,+Abdul+Qadeer Annotated bibliography for A.Q. Khan] |
*[http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Khan,+Abdul+Qadeer Annotated bibliography for A.Q. Khan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714213711/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FKhan%2C+Abdul+Qadeer |date=2007-07-14 }} |
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*[http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Pakistan/AQKhan.html The Physics war of Munir Khan and A.Q. Khan] |
*[http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Pakistan/AQKhan.html The Physics war of Munir Khan and A.Q. Khan] |
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*{{cite news |title=The Wrath of Khan |date=November 2005 |publisher=The Atlantic Monthly |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200511/aq-khan}} |
*{{cite news |title=The Wrath of Khan |date=November 2005 |publisher=The Atlantic Monthly |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200511/aq-khan}} |
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*[https://fas.org/nuke/guide/pakistan/facility/kahuta.htm "Kahuta Research Laboratories"], [[Federation of American Scientists]]. |
*[https://fas.org/nuke/guide/pakistan/facility/kahuta.htm "Kahuta Research Laboratories"], [[Federation of American Scientists]]. |
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*{{cite news |title=Unraveling the A. Q. Khan and Future Proliferation Networks |date=Spring 2005 |publisher=The Washington Quarterly |url=http://www.twq.com/05spring/index.cfm?id=147}} |
*{{cite news |title=Unraveling the A. Q. Khan and Future Proliferation Networks |date=Spring 2005 |publisher=The Washington Quarterly |url=http://www.twq.com/05spring/index.cfm?id=147 |access-date=2021-10-12 |archive-date=2005-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407114729/http://www.twq.com/05spring/index.cfm?id=147 |dead-url=yes }} |
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*{{cite news |title=Tracking the technology |work=Nuclear Engineering International |url=http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=76&storyCode=2024442 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041227180006/http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=76&storyCode=2024442 |archive-date=27 December 2004}} |
*{{cite news |title=Tracking the technology |work=Nuclear Engineering International |url=http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=76&storyCode=2024442 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041227180006/http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=76&storyCode=2024442 |archive-date=27 December 2004}} |
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* {{Official|http://web.archive.org/web/20190710023836/http://www.draqkhan.com.pk/}} |
* {{Official|http://web.archive.org/web/20190710023836/http://www.draqkhan.com.pk/}} |
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* [https://www.paspk.org/fellow-profile/?fellowID=59 Abdul Quadeer Khan] at the [[Pakistan Academy of Sciences]] |
* [https://www.paspk.org/fellow-profile/?fellowID=59 Abdul Quadeer Khan] at the [[Pakistan Academy of Sciences]] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020628001132/http://ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof85.htm Prof. Abdul Qadeer Khan] at the [[Islamic World Academy of Sciences|Islamic Academy of Sciences]] |
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* [http://upstart.bizjournals.com/news-markets/international-news/portfolio/2007/11/19/Abdul-Qadeer-Khan-Profile.html Why He Went Nuclear] by Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins |
* [http://upstart.bizjournals.com/news-markets/international-news/portfolio/2007/11/19/Abdul-Qadeer-Khan-Profile.html Why He Went Nuclear] by Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins |
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Revisi terkini sejak 28 Juli 2024 11.23
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Templat:Medium | |
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Lahir | Bhopal, Negara Bagian Bhopal, India Britania | 1 April 1936
Meninggal | 10 Oktober 2021 Islamabad, Pakistan | (umur 85)
Kebangsaan | Pakistani |
Pendidikan | msc |
Almamater | University of Karachi Delft University of Technology Catholic University of Louvain D. J. Sindh Government Science College[1] |
Dikenal atas | Pakistan's nuclear weapons program, gaseous diffusion, martensite and graphene morphology |
Anak | 5 |
Penghargaan | Nishan-i-Imtiaz (1996;1999) Hilal-i-Imtiaz (1989) |
Karier ilmiah | |
Bidang | Metallurgical Engineering |
Institusi | Khan Research Laboratories GIK Institute of Technology Hamdard University Urenco Group |
Disertasi | The effect of morphology on the strength of copper-based martensites (1974) |
Pembimbing doktoral | Martin J. Brabers[2] |
Penasihat Ilmu Pengetahuan Sekretarian Kepresidenan | |
Masa jabatan 1 Januari 2001 – 31 Januari 2004 | |
Presiden | Pervez Musharraf |
Informasi pribadi | |
Partai politik | Tehreek-e-Tahaffuz-e-Pakistan (2012-2013) |
Situs web | draqkhan.com.pk |
Abdul Qadeer Khan, NI, HI, FPAS (/ˈɑːbdəl ˈkɑːdɪər ˈkɑːn/ ⓘ; bahasa Urdu: عبد القدیر خان; 1 April 1936 – 10 Oktober 2021)[4]), dikenal lewat singkatannya A. Q. Khan, adalah fisikawan nuklir dan insinyur metalurgi Pakistan yang dikenal sebagai bapak program senjata atom Pakistan.
Kehidupan masa kecil dan pendidikan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Abdul Qadeer Khan lahir pada 1 April 1936 di Bhopal, sebuah kota yang dulunya terletak di Negara Bagian Bhopal, India Britania, dan sekarang ibu kota Madhya Pradesh. Keluarganya sendiri beretnis Pashtun.[1][5] Ayahnya, Abdul Ghafoor, ialah sebagai guru sekolah yang pernah bekerja di Kementerian Pendidikan, dan ibunya, Zulekha, adalah seorang ibu rumah tangga dengan pola pikir yang sangat religius.[6] Kakak kandungnya bersama anggota keluarga lainnya berpindah ke Pakistan semasa pemisahan India pada tahun 1947.[7]
Peninggalan
[sunting | sunting sumber]
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Penerbitan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Penelitian dan paten
[sunting | sunting sumber]Fisika nuklir dan material
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Dilation investigation of metallic phase transformation in 18% Ni maraging steels, Proceedings of the International Conf. on Martensitic Transformations (1986), The Japan Institute of Metals, pp. 560–565.
- The spread of Nuclear weapons among nations: Militarization or Development, pp. 417–430. (Ref. Nuclear War Nuclear Proliferation and their consequences "Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium organised by the Group De Bellerive Geneva 27–29 June 1985", Edited by: Sadruddin Aga Khan, Published by Clarendon Press-Oxford 1986).
- Flow-induced vibrations in Gas-tube assembly of centrifuges. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 23(9) (September 1986), pp. 819–827.
- Dimensional anisotropy in 18% of maraging steel,[10] Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with Anwar-ul-Haq, Mohammad Farooq, S. Qaisar, published at the Pakistan Physics Society (1998).
- Thermodynamics of Non-equilibrium phases in Electron-beam rapid solidification,[11] Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics, written with A. Tauqeer, Fakhar Hashmi, publisher Pakistan Physics Society (1988).
Buku
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1972). Advances in Physical Metallurgy (dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, and Belanda). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Press.
- Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1983). Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics (dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, and Belanda). Islamabad, Pakistan: The Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.
- Khan, Abdul Qadeer; Hussain, Syed Shabbir; Kamran, Mujahid (1997). Dr. A.Q. Khan on science and education. Islamabad, Pakistan: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 978-969-35-0821-5.
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories
- Konservatisme di Pakistan
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kutipan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c "Overview of Dr.Abdul Qadeer Khan's Life on his 83rd Birth Anniversary". ARY News. 1 April 2019. Diakses tanggal 19 September 2021.
- ^ "The Wrath of Khan". The Atlantic. 4 February 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-05-14. Diakses tanggal 26 September 2010.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaPakistan
- ^ Abdul Qadeer Khan di Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ "Tribute to Dr A Q Khan". Pakistan Observer (newpaper). 2 April 2021. Diakses tanggal 19 September 2021.
- ^ "Chronology: A.Q. Khan". The New York Times. 16 April 2006.
- ^ "Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan". storyofpakistan.com. Islamabad: Story of Pakistan Press Foundation. 17 October 2013. hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaPakistan Academy of Sciences
- ^ Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1998). "Islamic Academy of Sciences Fellowship members". Islamic Academy of Sciences. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 January 2002.
- ^ Murtaza, Ghulam; Zhahour Ahmad (21 November 1998). "Condense Matter Physics" (PDF). Seven National Symposium on Frontiers in Physics. 7. 7 (7): 2/3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-12-31. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2012.
- ^ "Frontiers in Physics" (PDF). 13 December 1988. Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on Frontiners in Physics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-05-23. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2012.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Burr, William. "The 'Labors of Atlas, Sisyphus, or Hercules'? US Gas-Centrifuge Policy and Diplomacy, 1954–60." The International History Review 37.3 (2015): 431–457.
- Khan, Abdul Qadeer (2010). "§Sehar Honay Tak: Dr. A.Q. Khan gave us the sense of security, Javed Hashmi.". Dalam Khan, Abdul Qadeer. Sehar Honay Tak. Islamabad, Pakistan: Ali Masud books publication. hlm. 1–158.
- Upadhyaya, Gopal S. (2011). "§Dr. A.Q. Khan of Pakistan". Men of Metals and Materials: My Memoires. Bloomington, Indiana, United States: iUniverse.com. hlm. 138–140.
- Rahman, Shahid (1998). "§Dr. A. Q. Khan: Nothing Succeed like Success". Dalam Rahman, Shahid. Long Road to Chagai. Islamabad, Pakistan: Printwise publication. hlm. 49–60. ISBN 969-8500-00-6.
- Fitzpatrick, Mark (2007). "§Dr. A. Q. Khan and the rise and fall of proliferation network". Nuclear black markets. London, United Kingdom: International Institute for Strategic Studies. ISBN 978-0-86079-201-7.
- Kan, Shirley A. (2009). "§A.Q. Khan's nuclear network". China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service (CRS). hlm. 5–6.
- (BIIP), Bureau of International Information Programs (2005). "§A.Q. Khan and the nuclear market". Dalam Cooney, Thomas E.; Denny, David Anthony. E=mc²: Today's Nuclear Equation. Washington, DC: United States: Judith S. Seagal. hlm. 1–40 [30–33].
- Bernstein, Jeremy (2008). Physicists on Wall Street and other essays on science and society. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0387765068.
Anekdot
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Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Situs web resmi
- Abdul Quadeer Khan at the Pakistan Academy of Sciences
- Prof. Abdul Qadeer Khan at the Islamic Academy of Sciences
- Why He Went Nuclear by Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins
Ditulis oleh Abdul Qadeer Khan
- Heart disease Random thoughts 11 June 2012
- More on thalassemia 4 June 2012
- Memorable Karachi 28 May 2012
- Great expectations 14 May 2012
- Mass graves 30 April 2012
- I saved my country 1 November 2012
Buku daring
- Scott-Clark, Adrian Levy & Catherine (2007). Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the secret trade in nuclear weapons (edisi ke-1st). New York: Walker & Co. ISBN 978-0-8027-1554-8.
- Upadhyaya, Gopal S. (1 May 2011). "Dr. A.Q. Khan of Pakistan". Men of metals and materials: my memoirs. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. hlm. 138. ISBN 978-1-4620-1840-6.
Jabatan pemerintahan | ||
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Didahului oleh: Ishfaq Ahmad |
Science Advisor to the Presidential Secretariat 1 January 2001 – 31 January 2004 |
Diteruskan oleh: Atta ur Rahman |