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[[Berkas:Darius I the Great's inscription.jpg|jmpl|267px|Referensi epigraf paling awal yang membuktikan kata "Arya" muncul pada [[prasasti Behistun]] abad ke-6 SM.<ref>''cf.'' {{Cite book|last=Gershevitch|first=Ilya|chapter=Old Iranian Literature|title=Handbuch der Orientalistik, Literatur I|year=1968|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|pages=1–31}}, p. 2.</ref>]] |
[[Berkas:Darius I the Great's inscription.jpg|jmpl|267px|Referensi epigraf paling awal yang membuktikan kata "Arya" muncul pada [[prasasti Behistun]] abad ke-6 SM.<ref>''cf.'' {{Cite book|last=Gershevitch|first=Ilya|chapter=Old Iranian Literature|title=Handbuch der Orientalistik, Literatur I|year=1968|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|pages=1–31}}, p. 2.</ref>]] |
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'''Ras Arya''' adalah [[Ras (klasifikasi manusia)|kelompok ras]] yang muncul pada periode akhir abad ke- |
'''Ras Arya''' adalah [[Ras (klasifikasi manusia)|kelompok ras]] yang muncul pada periode akhir abad ke-19 dan pertengahan abad ke-20 untuk menggolongkan orang-orang keturunan [[Indo-Eropa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/devdutt-pattanaik-leveraging-the-aryans/17076154|title=Devdutt Pattanaik: Leveraging the Aryans}}</ref> |
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Konsep ini berasal dari anggapan bahwa [[Proto-Indo-Eropa|penutur asli bahasa Indo-Eropa]] dan keturunannya sampai saat ini merupakan ras atau subras yang berbeda dari [[ras Kaukasia]].<ref>Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief ''Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of "Aryan" in English--Page 66</ref> |
Konsep ini berasal dari anggapan bahwa [[Proto-Indo-Eropa|penutur asli bahasa Indo-Eropa]] dan keturunannya sampai saat ini merupakan suatu ras atau subras yang berbeda dari [[ras Kaukasia]].<ref>Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief ''Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of "Aryan" in English--Page 66</ref> |
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== Etimologi == |
== Etimologi == |
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{{Main|Arya}} |
{{Main|Arya}} |
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Istilah ''Arya'' umumnya digunakan untuk menjelaskan akar [[bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran]] ''*arya'' yang merupakan etnonim yang diadopsi oleh bangsa [[Indo-Iran]] untuk menggambarkan bangsa Arya. Kata serumpun dalam [[bahasa Sanskerta]] adalah ''[[ārya]]'' ([[Devanāgarī]]: [[आर्य]]), yang awalnya merupakan penunjukan diri etnis, dalam bahasa Sanskerta Klasik berarti "mulia, terhormat, bangsawan".<ref>[[Monier-Williams]] (1899).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (2008 revision)|publisher=UNIVERSITÄT ZU KÖLN |url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/|accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> Kata serumpun dalam [[bahasa Persia |
Istilah ''Arya'' umumnya digunakan untuk menjelaskan akar [[bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran]] ''*arya'' yang merupakan etnonim yang diadopsi oleh bangsa [[Indo-Iran]] untuk menggambarkan bangsa Arya. Kata serumpun dalam [[bahasa Sanskerta]] adalah ''[[ārya]]'' ([[Devanāgarī]]: [[आर्य]]), yang awalnya merupakan penunjukan diri etnis, dalam bahasa Sanskerta Klasik berarti "mulia, terhormat, bangsawan".<ref>[[Monier-Williams]] (1899).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (2008 revision)|publisher=UNIVERSITÄT ZU KÖLN |url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/|accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> Kata serumpun dalam [[bahasa Persia Kuno]] adalah ''ariya-'' ([[aksara paku Persia Kuno]]: 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹), bermakna nenek moyang dari nama modern [[Iran]] dan [[etnonim]] untuk [[bangsa Iran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arya-an-ethnic-epithet |title=Arya |last=Bailey |first=H.W. |website=Encyclopædia Iranica |access-date=April 21, 2018}}</ref> |
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Dalam ''World Atlas'' karya [[Rand McNally]] edisi 1944, ras Arya digambarkan sebagai salah satu dari sepuluh kelompok ras besar umat manusia.<ref>[[Rand McNally]] (1944) "Races of Mankind" (map)''Rand McNally's World Atlas International Edition'' Chicago: Rand McNally. pp.278–79 – In the explanatory section below the map, the Aryan race (the word "Aryan" being defined in the description below the map as a synonym for "Indo-Europeans") is described as being one of the ten major racial groupings of mankind. Each of the ten racial groupings is depicted in a different [[color]] on the map and the estimated populations in 1944 of the larger racial groups except the Dravidians are given (the Dravidian population in 1944 would have been about 70,000,000). The other nine groups are depicted as being the [[Semitic people|Semitic race]] (the Aryans (850,000,000) and the Semites (70,000,000) are described as being the two main branches of the [[Caucasian race]]), the [[Dravidian race]], the [[Mongoloid race|Mongolian race]] (700,000,000), the [[Malayan race]] (Correct population given on page 413 – 64,000,000 including besides the populations of the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and Madagascar also half of the Malay States, Micronesia, and Polynesia), the [[Indigenous people of the Americas|American Indian race]] (10,000,000), the [[Black people|Negro race]] (140,000,000), the [[Australoid race|Native Australians]], the [[Australoid race|Papuans]], and the [[Capoid race|Hottentots and Bushmen]].</ref> Penulis fiksi ilmiah [[Poul Anderson]], seorang tokoh [[libertarianisme]] anti-rasis berdarah [[Skandinavia]], dalam banyak karyanya secara konsisten menggunakan istilah ''Arya'' sebagai sinonim untuk "Indo-Eropa".<ref>See, for example, the Poul Anderson short stories in the 1964 collection ''[[Time and Stars]]'' and the ''Polesotechnic League'' stories featuring [[Nicholas van Rijn]]</ref> |
Dalam ''World Atlas'' karya [[Rand McNally]] edisi 1944, ras Arya digambarkan sebagai salah satu dari sepuluh kelompok ras besar umat manusia.<ref>[[Rand McNally]] (1944) "Races of Mankind" (map)''Rand McNally's World Atlas International Edition'' Chicago: Rand McNally. pp.278–79 – In the explanatory section below the map, the Aryan race (the word "Aryan" being defined in the description below the map as a synonym for "Indo-Europeans") is described as being one of the ten major racial groupings of mankind. Each of the ten racial groupings is depicted in a different [[color]] on the map and the estimated populations in 1944 of the larger racial groups except the Dravidians are given (the Dravidian population in 1944 would have been about 70,000,000). The other nine groups are depicted as being the [[Semitic people|Semitic race]] (the Aryans (850,000,000) and the Semites (70,000,000) are described as being the two main branches of the [[Caucasian race]]), the [[Dravidian race]], the [[Mongoloid race|Mongolian race]] (700,000,000), the [[Malayan race]] (Correct population given on page 413 – 64,000,000 including besides the populations of the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and Madagascar also half of the Malay States, Micronesia, and Polynesia), the [[Indigenous people of the Americas|American Indian race]] (10,000,000), the [[Black people|Negro race]] (140,000,000), the [[Australoid race|Native Australians]], the [[Australoid race|Papuans]], and the [[Capoid race|Hottentots and Bushmen]].</ref> Penulis fiksi ilmiah [[Poul Anderson]], seorang tokoh [[libertarianisme]] anti-rasis berdarah [[Skandinavia]], dalam banyak karyanya secara konsisten menggunakan istilah ''Arya'' sebagai sinonim untuk "Indo-Eropa".<ref>See, for example, the Poul Anderson short stories in the 1964 collection ''[[Time and Stars]]'' and the ''Polesotechnic League'' stories featuring [[Nicholas van Rijn]]</ref> |
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'''Bibliografi''' |
'''Bibliografi''' |
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* {{cite book | last = Longerich | first = Peter | title = Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-19-280436-5 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | ref = harv}} |
* {{cite book | last = Longerich | first = Peter | title = Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews | url = https://archive.org/details/holocaustnaziper0000long | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-19-280436-5 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | ref = harv}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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| last = Yenne | first = Bill | year = 2010 | title = Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS | publisher = Zenith | location = Minneapolis | isbn = 978-0-7603-3778-3 | ref = harv }} |
| last = Yenne | first = Bill | year = 2010 | title = Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersmasterofd0000yenn | publisher = Zenith | location = Minneapolis | isbn = 978-0-7603-3778-3 | ref = harv }} |
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'''Bacaan lanjutan''' |
'''Bacaan lanjutan''' |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/TheAryanRace.html The Aryan race] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707090923/http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/TheAryanRace.html |date=2010-07-07 }} |
* [http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/TheAryanRace.html The Aryan race] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707090923/http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/TheAryanRace.html |date=2010-07-07 }} |
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* [http://www.bookrags.com/Indo-European_languages Indo-European Languages] |
* [http://www.bookrags.com/Indo-European_languages Indo-European Languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808132723/http://www.bookrags.com/Indo-European_languages |date=2010-08-08 }} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071213185740/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/aryan.htm Aryan by Kim Pearson] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071213185740/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/aryan.htm Aryan by Kim Pearson] |
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* [http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/february/IranianBranch.html Iranian Branch of the Indo-European Family] |
* [http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/february/IranianBranch.html Iranian Branch of the Indo-European Family] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aryan Race}} |
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[[Kategori:Kategori antropologi |
[[Kategori:Kategori antropologi manusia]] |
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[[Kategori:Kajian Indo-Eropa]] |
[[Kategori:Kajian Indo-Eropa]] |
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[[Kategori:Propaganda Nazi]] |
[[Kategori:Propaganda Nazi]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 9 Oktober 2024 14.04
Ras Arya adalah kelompok ras yang muncul pada periode akhir abad ke-19 dan pertengahan abad ke-20 untuk menggolongkan orang-orang keturunan Indo-Eropa.[2]
Konsep ini berasal dari anggapan bahwa penutur asli bahasa Indo-Eropa dan keturunannya sampai saat ini merupakan suatu ras atau subras yang berbeda dari ras Kaukasia.[3]
Etimologi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Istilah Arya umumnya digunakan untuk menjelaskan akar bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran *arya yang merupakan etnonim yang diadopsi oleh bangsa Indo-Iran untuk menggambarkan bangsa Arya. Kata serumpun dalam bahasa Sanskerta adalah ārya (Devanāgarī: आर्य), yang awalnya merupakan penunjukan diri etnis, dalam bahasa Sanskerta Klasik berarti "mulia, terhormat, bangsawan".[4][5] Kata serumpun dalam bahasa Persia Kuno adalah ariya- (aksara paku Persia Kuno: 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹), bermakna nenek moyang dari nama modern Iran dan etnonim untuk bangsa Iran.[6]
Dalam World Atlas karya Rand McNally edisi 1944, ras Arya digambarkan sebagai salah satu dari sepuluh kelompok ras besar umat manusia.[7] Penulis fiksi ilmiah Poul Anderson, seorang tokoh libertarianisme anti-rasis berdarah Skandinavia, dalam banyak karyanya secara konsisten menggunakan istilah Arya sebagai sinonim untuk "Indo-Eropa".[8]
Ideologi Nazisme didasarkan pada konsep ras Arya kuno sebagai ras unggul, memegang posisi tertinggi dalam hierarki rasial dan menganggap bangsa Jerman adalah golongan ras Arya yang paling murni secara rasial.[9] Konsep Nazi mengenai ras Arya muncul dari para pendukung supremasi ras sesuai dengan yang dijelaskan oleh pakar teori rasial seperti Arthur de Gobineau dan Houston Stewart Chamberlain.[10]
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan
- ^ cf. Gershevitch, Ilya (1968). "Old Iranian Literature". Handbuch der Orientalistik, Literatur I. Leiden: Brill. hlm. 1–31., p. 2.
- ^ "Devdutt Pattanaik: Leveraging the Aryans".
- ^ Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of "Aryan" in English--Page 66
- ^ Monier-Williams (1899).
- ^ "Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (2008 revision)". UNIVERSITÄT ZU KÖLN. Diakses tanggal July 25, 2010.
- ^ Bailey, H.W. "Arya". Encyclopædia Iranica. Diakses tanggal April 21, 2018.
- ^ Rand McNally (1944) "Races of Mankind" (map)Rand McNally's World Atlas International Edition Chicago: Rand McNally. pp.278–79 – In the explanatory section below the map, the Aryan race (the word "Aryan" being defined in the description below the map as a synonym for "Indo-Europeans") is described as being one of the ten major racial groupings of mankind. Each of the ten racial groupings is depicted in a different color on the map and the estimated populations in 1944 of the larger racial groups except the Dravidians are given (the Dravidian population in 1944 would have been about 70,000,000). The other nine groups are depicted as being the Semitic race (the Aryans (850,000,000) and the Semites (70,000,000) are described as being the two main branches of the Caucasian race), the Dravidian race, the Mongolian race (700,000,000), the Malayan race (Correct population given on page 413 – 64,000,000 including besides the populations of the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and Madagascar also half of the Malay States, Micronesia, and Polynesia), the American Indian race (10,000,000), the Negro race (140,000,000), the Native Australians, the Papuans, and the Hottentots and Bushmen.
- ^ See, for example, the Poul Anderson short stories in the 1964 collection Time and Stars and the Polesotechnic League stories featuring Nicholas van Rijn
- ^ Longerich 2010, hlm. 30.
- ^ Yenne 2010, hlm. 21–22.
Bibliografi
- Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5.
- Yenne, Bill (2010). Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS. Minneapolis: Zenith. ISBN 978-0-7603-3778-3.
Bacaan lanjutan
- The Arctic Home in the Vedas by Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Arvidsson, Stefan. Aryan Idols. The Indo-European Mythology as Science and Ideology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2006 ISBN 0-226-02860-7
- Poliakov, Leon. The Aryan Myth: A History of Racist and Nationalistic Ideas In Europe New York: Barnes & Noble Books. 1996 ISBN 0-7607-0034-6
- Spiro, Jonathan P. (2009). Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant. University of Vermont Press. ISBN 978-1-58465-715-6. Ringkasan (29 September 2010).
- Widney, Joseph P Race Life of the Aryan Peoples New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 1907 In Two Volumes: Volume One--The Old World Volume Two--The New World ISBN B000859S6O: