Begotten: Perbedaan antara revisi

Begotten
Begotten
	VHS (1995)
Sutradara	E. Elias Merhige
Produser	E. Elias Merhige
Ditulis oleh	E. Elias Merhige
Pemeran	Brian Salzburg; Donna Dempsey; Stephen Charles Barry;
Penata musik	Evan Albam
Sinematografer	E. Elias Merhige
Penyunting	Noëlle Penraat
Perusahaan; produksi	Theatreofmaterial; William Markle Associates (Sound)
Distributor	World Artists Home Video (all media)
Tanggal rilis	24 Oktober 1989 (Montreal World Film Festival); ; ; ; ;
Durasi	72 menit
Negara	Amerika Serikat
Bahasa	Antarjudul Inggris
Anggaran	$33,000 (perkiraan)

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Sebaris

Revisi terkini sejak 14 Maret 2023 13.21

Begotten adalah sebuah film horor eksperimental Amerika tahun 1989 yang ditulis, diproduksi, diedit, dan disutradarai oleh Edmund Elias Merhige. Film ini dibintangi oleh Brian Salsburg, Donna Dempsy, Stephen Charles Barry, dan anggota perusahaan teater Theatreofmaterial milik Merhige. Film ini tidak berisi dialog dan menggunakan gaya yang mirip dengan film bisu awal. Plot misterius dalam film ini diambil dari unsur-unsur berbagai mitos penciptaan. Film dimulai dengan adegan bunuh diri sosok Tuhan yang melahirkan Ibu Pertiwi dan Putra Bumi, kemudian memulai perjalanan kematian dan kelahiran kembali melalui lanskap tandus. Menurut sejarawan seni Scott MacDonald, kualitas alegoris film dan ambiguitas yang disengaja telah mengundang banyak interpretasi tentang film ini.

Begotten pertama kali disusun sebagai karya teater eksperimental dengan tarian dan iringan musik langsung, tetapi Merhige beralih ke film setelah memutuskan bahwa visinya akan terlalu mahal untuk dicapai sebagai produksi untuk penonton langsung. Antonin Artaud dan filsuf Friedrich Nietzsche adalah pengaruh besar pada Begotten, karena Merhige percaya bahwa ide dan teori mereka belum dieksplorasi sepenuhnya dalam film. Gaya visual film ini terinspirasi oleh film dokumenter pendek Blood of the Beasts karya Georges Franju, Seven Samurai karya Akira Kurosawa, The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes karya Stan Brakhage, dan film Ekspresionis Jerman The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Syuting Film Begotten dilakukan di New York dan New Jersey yang diperkirakan memakan waktu hingga tiga setengah tahun. Namun, dalam sebuah wawancara, Merhige mengatakan bahwa syuting film ini hanya memakan waktu lima setengah bulan.

Setelah film itu selesai, Merhige menghabiskan dua tahun berikutnya untuk mencari distributor yang mau memasarkannya. Setelah debutnya di Festival Film Dunia Montreal, film tersebut diputar di Festival Film Internasional San Francisco, di mana film tersebut ditonton oleh kritikus film Tom Luddy dan Peter Scarlet. Mereka membawanya ke perhatian sesama kritikus film, Susan Sontag, yang kemudian memberi pujian antusias dan pemutaran pribadi film di rumahnya sendiri berperan penting dalam perilisan akhir film ini. Meskipun sebagian besar diabaikan oleh kritikus film arus utama, film ini mencapai status film kultus dan memengaruhi beberapa pembuat film, seniman visual, dan musisi avant-garde. Kelangkaan film di video rumahan mendorong para penggemarnya untuk menyebarkan salinan bajakan mereka sendiri, sebuah fenomena yang digambarkan sebagai "pemujaan salinan" oleh sarjana studi film Ernest Mathijs. Sebagai bagian pertama dari seri yang direncanakan, Begotten diikuti oleh perilisan Din of Celestial Birds pada tahun 2006, sebuah sekuel pendek dengan teori evolusi sebagai tema dominannya.

Referensi

Catatan

^ Nama studio adang-kadang juga ditulis "Theatre of Material".^[1]
^ Beberapa media secara bergantian melaporkan pemutaran festival film 1990 dan 1991 sebagai rilis pertamanya.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Kutipan

^ Stephens 2000.
^ Merhige 1991.
^ Geritz 2006.
^ Maslin 1991.
^ Sterritt 2000, hlm. 35.
^ Dutka 2004a, hlm. 51.

Sumber

Buku

Aldama, Frederick L.; Lindenberger, Herbert S. (February 2, 2016). Aesthetics of Discomfort: Conversations on Disquieting Art. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-05300-1 – via Google Books.
Bleiler, David, ed. (October 24, 2003). "Begotten (1989, 78 min, US, E. Elias Merhige)". TLA Video & DVD Guide 2004: The Discerning Film Lover's Guide. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-31686-0 – via Google Books.
Brock, Jason V. (2014). "Appendix B: Select Radio, Film and Television Productions". Disorders of Magnitude: A Survey of Dark Fantasy. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-3525-0 – via Google Books.
Clermont-Ferrand ISFF staff (January 30, 2009). Catalogue du 31e Festival du Court Métrage de Clermont-Ferrand 2009 [Catalog of the 31st Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival, 2009] (dalam bahasa Prancis). Sauve qui peut le court métrage – via Google Books.
Edwards, Matthew (2007). "Close to the Bone: An Interview with Paul Hills". Dalam Edwards, Matthew. Film Out of Bounds: Essays and Interviews on Non-Mainstream Cinema Worldwide. McFarland & Company, Inc. hlm. 20–39. ISBN 978-0-7864-2970-7 – via Google Books.
Hoberman, J. (2003). The Magic Hour: Film at Fin de Siècle. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-56639-995-1 – via Google Books.
Leonard, Scott; McClure, Michael (2004). Myth and Knowing: An Introduction to World Mythology. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-7674-1957-4 – via Google Books (snippet view only).
MacDonald, Scott (1998). "Elias Merhige (on Begotten)". A Critical Cinema 3: Interviews with Independent Filmmakers. University of California Press. hlm. 284–292. ISBN 978-0-520-20943-5 – via the Internet Archive (perlu mendaftar). line feed character di |via= pada posisi 148 (bantuan)
Massaccesi, Cristina (2015). "Appendix: Interview with E. Elias Merhige". Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror. Columbia University Press. hlm. 113–120. ISBN 978-0-9932384-6-8 – via Google Books.
Mathijs, Ernest (October 23, 2017). "Begotten, E. Elias Merhige, 1991". Dalam Mathijs, Ernest; Mendik, Xavier. 100 Cult Films. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 20–21. ISBN 978-1-84457-571-8 – via Google Books.
Mathijs, Ernest; Sexton, Jamie (2011). Cult Cinema: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7374-2 – via Google Books.
Muir, John Kenneth (2011). Horror Films of the 1990s. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-4012-2 – via Google Books.
Paszylk, Bartłomiej (2009). "Part V: The New Weirdnesss – Begotten (1991)". The Pleasure and Pain of Cult Horror Films: An Historical Survey. McFarland & Company, Inc. hlm. 190–191. ISBN 978-0-7864-3695-8 – via Google Books.
Prince, Stephen (2002). "Elias Merhige". A New Pot of Gold: Hollywood Under the Electronic Rainbow, 1980–1989. History of the American Cinema. 10 (edisi ke-1st pbk.). University of California Press. hlm. 437–438. ISBN 0-520-23266-6 – via the Internet Archive (perlu mendaftar). line feed character di |via= pada posisi 148 (bantuan)
Eileen S. Quigley, ed. (2007). International Television & Video Almanac (edisi ke-78). Quigley Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-900610-81-3 – via Google Books.
Rotert, Alfred (2009). The Future Lasts Longer Than The Past: European Media Art Festival, Osnabrueck. European Media Art Festival. ISBN 978-3-926501-31-8 – via Google Books.
Verrone, William E.B. (2012). The Avant-Garde Feature Film: A Critical History. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-5910-0 – via Google Books.
Wood, Jason (2002). "E. Elias Merhige". Dalam Allon, Yoram; Cullen, Del; Patterson, Hannah. Contemporary North American Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide (edisi ke-2nd). Wallflower Press. hlm. 374. ISBN 978-1-903364-52-9 – via the Internet Archive (perlu mendaftar). line feed character di |via= pada posisi 148 (bantuan)

Situs web dan majalah berkala

Anon. (n.d.). "Suspect Zero". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Diakses tanggal August 10, 2020.
Anon. (n.d.). "Shadow of the Vampire (2000)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Diakses tanggal August 10, 2020.
Anon. (n.d.). "Suspect Zero (2004)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Diakses tanggal August 10, 2020.
Anon. (April 29, 1990). "Complete Lineup for the San Francisco International Film Festival". San Francisco Examiner. hlm. 20–21 – via Newspapers.com.
Anon. (August 1990). "Twenty-Third Season of CineProbe Begins" (PDF) (Museum pamphlet). Manhattan, New York: Museum of Modern Art. Department of Public Information. Diakses tanggal August 21, 2020.
Anon. (February 20, 2001). Begotten (pdf) (DVD booklet). World Artists Home Video. Diakses tanggal December 20, 2019 – via the Internet Archive.
Anon. (September 15, 2006). "Din of Celestial Birds Friday, September 15 at 8 & 11 PM ET and an Additional Showing at 4 AM ET". Turner Classic Movies. Diakses tanggal June 22, 2017.
Anon. (May 29, 2009). "The Bootleg Files: Begotten". FilmThreat.com. Diakses tanggal October 18, 2018.
Anon. (October 2014). "Spectober IV". Spectacle Theater. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2018.
Anon. (April 9, 2015). "22nd James River Film Festival: NEOVOXER featuring Michael Pope". James River Film Society. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 12, 2019. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2019.
Anon. (March 25, 2016). "New to Streaming: 'The Revenant,' 'James White,' 'A Brighter Summer Day,' 'The Pearl Button,' and More". The Film Stage. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2018.
Anon. (September 25, 2016). "Begotten & Shadow of the Vampire Double Feature with Director E. Elias Merhige in Person!". DO312. Diakses tanggal July 15, 2017.
Anon. "Marilyn Manson: Anti-Christ Superstar". San Francisco International Film Festival. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 27, 2017. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2017.
Anon. (2017). "Special Event: Begotten + Live Score by The Begotten". ShortFilms.org.uk. MothClub. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-27. Diakses tanggal July 20, 2019.
Anon. (May 28, 2019). "Horse Jumper Of Love Share Airport Track On Stereogum". BroadwayWorld.com. Wisdom Digital Media. Diakses tanggal September 10, 2019.
Anon. (June 18, 2019). "Champs-Élysées Film Festival – 18 au 25 juin 2019". Champs-Élysées Film Festival. Diakses tanggal August 5, 2019.
Ambriz, Marco (March 20, 2004). "Begotten". RevistaCinefagia.com (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Diakses tanggal July 21, 2019.
Atkinson, Michael (November–December 2000). "Vampire Variations". Film Comment. Vol. 36 no. 6. hlm. 27–29. JSTOR 43455859.
Jonathan Barkan (May 15, 2015). "[From Best To Worst] The Music Videos Of Marilyn Manson: "Antichrist Superstar"". Bloody Disgusting. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 25, 2017. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2017.
Barone, Matt; Serafino, Jason; Pimentel, Julia (October 10, 2018). "The Most Disturbing Movies of All Time". Complex. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2019.
E. Elias Merhige (Director) (1991). Begotten (Motion picture). United States: Theatreofmaterial.
E. Elias Merhige (Director) (2006). Din of Celestial Birds (Motion picture). United States: Turner Classic Movies.
Beahm, Justin (September 2013). "Begotten Son: Filmmaker E. Elias Merhige Challenged and Confounded with His Chillingly Allegorical First Feature". Fangoria. United States: Cinestate. Diakses tanggal December 18, 2019 – via InternetArchive.com.
Beckermann, Jim (January 21, 2001). "A Cult Film Director Gets a Chance". The Record. hlm. 185. Diakses tanggal April 19, 2021 – via Newspapers.com (perlu berlangganan).
Bennett, J. (January 5, 2019). "Marilyn Manson's 'Antichrist Superstar': The Story Behind the Album Cover Art". Revolver. Project M Group. Diakses tanggal July 12, 2019.
Blackwelder, Rob (October 16, 2000). "E. Elias Merhige interview for "Shadow of the Vampire" (2001)". SplicedWire. Diakses tanggal December 10, 2018.
Blicq, Tom (January 1, 2015). "The 20 Most Disturbing Movies of All Time". Taste of Cinema. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2019.
Busch, Anita (August 21, 2015). "SpectreVision Unveils Lineup For 3rd Annual Genre Film Festival". Deadline. Diakses tanggal January 12, 2017.
Chaw, Walter (July 20, 2015). "The Expressionist: FFC Interviews E. Elias Merhige". Film Freak Central. Diakses tanggal July 15, 2017.
Corliss, Richard (May 13, 1991). "A Happy Birthday for the Kids of Kane". Time. Vol. 137 no. 19. hlm. 69. (perlu berlangganan)
Cornell, Christopher (March 19, 1995). "Home Entertainment: Pianist profile, Italy tour top latest video releases". The Fort Myers News-Press. Gannett. hlm. 85. Diakses tanggal August 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
Day, Nick (June 22, 2012). "Beyond the Black Rainbow – The Review". WeAreMovieGeeks. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2018.
Dee, Jake (April 20, 2018). "Top 10 Trippy Horror Movies You Don't Want to See While Stoned!". Joblo.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-02-08. Diakses tanggal January 28, 2021.
DiMatteo, Robert (January–February 1991). "Future Primeval". Film Comment. Vol. 27 no. 1. hlm. 2. JSTOR 43453866.
Derington, Anthony (September 1, 2017). "Interview: Flesh of the Void's James Quinn". Nightmare on Film Street. Diakses tanggal October 14, 2019.
Disser, Nicole (October 10, 2014). "Bank Robber's Tell-All, Copycat Horror, And A Terrifying Take on Genesis". Bedford and Bowery. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2018.
Dutka, Eleaine (August 26, 2004a). "When evil is on the prowl". Los Angeles Times. hlm. 51. Diakses tanggal August 13, 2019 – via Newspapers.com (subscription required).
Dutka, Elaine (September 8, 2004b). "Exploring the Abyss". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. hlm. 67. Diakses tanggal January 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
Frasier, Sean (November 13, 2020). "Video Premiere: Sword Collector – Inherit the Scepter". Decibel. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2020.
Geritz, Kathy (2006). "Begotten". history.sffs.org. San Francisco Film Festival. Diakses tanggal October 26, 2018.
Gadre, Soham (June 4, 2021). "Still Not Of This World – Thirty Years Of E. Elias Merhige's BEGOTTEN". Fangoria. Diakses tanggal June 29, 2021.
Gibson, Sarah (November 8, 2016). "10 of the Most Damaged and Disturbing Movies Ever Made". HighSnobiety. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2019.
Griffin, John (October 26, 1989). "High definition is becoming horror show for organizers". Montreal Gazette. Montreal. hlm. 64. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2019 – via Newspapers.com (perlu berlangganan).
——— (October 30, 1989). "New Film Festival Sets Attendance Record". Montreal Gazette. Montreal. hlm. 16. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2019 – via Newspapers.com (perlu berlangganan).
Halen, Adrian (January 4, 2018). "Film Review: Begotten (1990)". HorrorNews. Diakses tanggal October 11, 2019.
Hall, Phil (December 1, 1995). "Begotten Not Forgotten". Wired.com. Diakses tanggal August 2, 2019.
Hart, John (March 10, 1995). "Several movies bypass theaters in March". The Akron Beacon Journal. hlm. 80. Diakses tanggal October 24, 2019 – via Newspapers.com (perlu berlangganan).
Hart, Paul (Spring 1992). "Begotten". Propaganda. No. 18. hlm. 38–40 – via the Internet Archive.
Heigl, Alex (March 10, 2017). "13 of the Most Disturbing — and Critically Acclaimed — Movies to Ever Hit Theaters". Entertainment Weekly. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2019.
Henkel, Guido (October 30, 2000). "For adventurous film lovers: Begotten comes to DVD – DVD Review & High Definition". DVDReview.com. Diakses tanggal August 2, 2019.
Hurcomb, Kelly (October 24, 2015). "10 Hard to Stomach Horror Movies". AskMen.com. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2019.
Kaufman, Anthony (January 5, 2001). "Interview: The Vampiric Arts of Merhige and Dafoe in "Shadow"". IndieWire. Diakses tanggal October 14, 2019.
Jesus, Zola (September 11, 2016). "Zola Jesus on Artists From Different Disciplines Who Inspired Her New Album, 'Okovi'". ARTnews. Diakses tanggal October 18, 2018.
Kane, Joe (June 5, 1991). "'Begotten' tribe does the rite thing". Extra (Entertainment). New York Daily News. hlm. 39. Diakses tanggal March 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
Kenny, Glenn (August 30, 2018). "Review: In 'Prototype,' Multiple Screens Tell an Apocalyptic Story". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal September 8, 2018.
Lederman, Marsha (December 26, 2011). "Want to make people mad? Pick the top 100 cult films of all time". The Globe and Mail. Diakses tanggal August 20, 2020.
Louv, Jason (December 17, 2015). "E. Elias Merhige, Director of 'Begotten' and 'Shadow of the Vampire', Chats About Magick and Remote Viewing". UltraCulture.org (Podcast). Ultraculture Incorporated. Diarsipkan dari yang asli on May 25, 2018. https://ultraculture.org/blog/2015/12/20/e-elias-merhige/. Diakses pada August 26, 2020. Alt URL
Lubitow, Adam (September 23, 2018). "Adam reviews 'Frankenstein Bemshi!' and 'One Frogless Evening: A Tribute to Amphibian Artiste Michigan J. Frog'". Rochester City Newspaper. Diakses tanggal October 26, 2018.
Maidy, Alex (October 19, 2012). "The Ten Spot: Most Disturbing Movies Ever". Joblo.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-02-06. Diakses tanggal January 28, 2021.
Malcolm, Paul (August 11, 1994). "Begotten". LA Weekly. hlm. 43. Diakses tanggal October 15, 2019 – via Newspapers.com (perlu berlangganan).
Manders, Hayden (October 30, 2017). "Ranking the 8 Most Disturbing Horror Films Ever Made". Nylon. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2019.
Mapes, Marty (August 26, 2004). "Interview with E. Elias Merhige". Movie Habit. Diakses tanggal September 13, 2018.
Maslin, Janet (June 5, 1991). "Breaking New Ground and Finding the Grotesque". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 25, 2020. Diakses tanggal August 21, 2020.
Merhige, E. Elias (February 2009). "The Making of the Controversial Non-Dialogue Feature Film 'Begotten'". StudentFilmmakers Magazine (Wawancara). Wawancara dengan Scott Essman. Student Filmmakers. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 4, 2015. Diakses tanggal July 25, 2015.
——— (August 8, 2016). "Chicago and Denver announced!". @eeliasmerhige. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 21, 2020. Diakses tanggal August 21, 2020 – via Instagram.
Miller, Joshua (June 18, 2012). "Interview: Panos Cosmatos (Beyond the Black Rainbow)". CHUD.com. Bigfoot Entertainment. Diakses tanggal November 3, 2020.
Moore, Debi (August 22, 2015). "SpectreFest 2015 Lineup Includes Cooties, Sun Choke, Goodnight Mommy, Deathgasm, and More!". Dread Central. Diakses tanggal October 25, 2018.
Mottram, James (October 28, 2014). "E Elias Merhige – Shadow of the Vampire". BBC.co.uk. Diakses tanggal July 23, 2019.
Nicolay, Scott (January 28, 2016). "E. Elias Merhige: The Greatest Apple You'll Ever Eat (Episode 29)". The Outer Dark (Podcast). Project iRadio. Diarsipkan dari yang asli on March 2, 2016. http://d389m4nxglxxui.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/20160128214510/TOD2.4_EEMehrige_28i16_mixdown-1.mp3. Diakses pada August 20, 2020.
Preira, Matt (October 4, 2011). "Marilyn Manson's Antichrist Superstar Is 15: A Video History". New Times Broward-Palm Beach. Diakses tanggal July 19, 2017.
Riefe, Jordan (August 13, 2020). "A Hollywood Filmmaker's Beguiling and Inspiring Collection". Fine Books & Collections. OP Media. Diakses tanggal September 23, 2020.
Riefe, Jordan (January 24, 2021). "Filmmaker seeks out esoteric texts for his vast collection on the occult – Daily News". Los Angeles Daily News. Diakses tanggal January 25, 2021.
Romero, Evan (March 14, 2018). "'Flesh of the Void' (2018) Movie Review". PopHorror. Diakses tanggal June 6, 2018.
Rosenbaum, Jonathan (March 1, 1995). "Begotten". Chicago Reader. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 13, 2010. Diakses tanggal August 20, 2020.
Rouner, Jeff (October 20, 2019). "Analog film fans are high on Rice's Low-Fi supply". The Huston Chronicle. Diakses tanggal October 26, 2019.
Savlov, Marc (May 18, 2009). ""Jane! Stop This Crazy Thing!" (The Downside to Galaxy Highland Theater's New Robotic Seats) Five Films We Don't Want to See in D-Box". Austin Chronicle. Diakses tanggal December 22, 2016.
Schwartz, Dennis (May 23, 2016). "Begotten". Dennis Schwartz Reviews. Diakses tanggal December 2, 2020.
Schwartz, Paula (February 3, 2007). "E. Elias Merhige's Power of Unflinching Belief". MovieMaker. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 28, 2020. Diakses tanggal April 28, 2020.
Simon, Jeff (January 21, 2001). "Out of the Shadows Director Elias Merhige Emerges from Hollywood's Dungeon Bloody but Unbowed". Buffalo News. Diakses tanggal August 22, 2020.
Snyder, Eric (April 13, 2011). "What's the Big Deal?: Eraserhead (1977)". Film.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 21, 2012. Diakses tanggal July 20, 2019.
Smith, Gavin (January–February 2001). "Vidi Vidi Vidi". Film Comment. Vol. 37 no. 1. hlm. 78–79. JSTOR 43824819.
Stephens, Chuck (Fall 2000). "Sunrise, Sunset". Filmmaker. Diakses tanggal August 10, 2020.
Sterritt, David (November 27, 1990). "The Best of Independent Films Are There If You Look for Them". The Christian Science Monitor. hlm. 11. Diakses tanggal December 18, 2019.
——— (2000). "Film Reviews: Shadow of the Vampire". Cinéaste. Vol. 25 no. 4. hlm. 34–35. JSTOR 41689288.
Turner, Kyle (January 6, 2015). "First Look 2015 on Notebook". Mubi. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2018.
Willmore, Alison (August 20, 2014). "26 Hard-To-Find Movies That Remind Us Why VHS, DVD, and LaserDisc Still Matter". Buzzfeed. Diakses tanggal July 3, 2017.
Wojnar, Jason (October 12, 2019). "10 Horror Movies Too Intense Even For Halloween". Screen Rant. Diakses tanggal December 2, 2019.
Zahedi, Caveh (January 25, 2001). "Biting Satire: Director Steps in the Shadow of Hollywood". The Stranger. Index Newspapers. Diakses tanggal August 20, 2020.

Bacan lanjutan

Louv, Jason (April 17, 2018). John Dee and the Empire of Angels: Enochian Magick and the Occult Roots of the Modern World. Inner Traditions/Bear. ISBN 978-1-62055-590-3 – via Google Books.
Thacker, Eugene (April 24, 2015). Tentacles Longer Than Night: Horror of Philosophy. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78279-888-0 – via Google Books.
Tucker, Betty (2001). Confessions of a Movie Addict. Hats Office. ISBN 978-1-58736-085-5 – via Google Books.
White, Armond (1995). The Resistance: Ten Years of Pop Culture that Shook the World. Overlook Press. ISBN 978-0-87951-586-7 – via the Internet Archive (perlu mendaftar). line feed character di |via= pada posisi 148 (bantuan)
Wright, Craig (October 20, 2019). "'Begotten': Images Never Meant To Be Seen". Split Tooth Media.com. Craig Wright. Diakses tanggal September 28, 2020.

Pranala luar

Begotten

(Inggris) Begotten di AllMovie
Begotten di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
Begotten di Rotten Tomatoes (dalam bahasa Inggris)
(Inggris) Begotten di TCM Movie Database

Din of Celestial Birds

Din of Celestial Birds di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
(Inggris) Din of Celestial Birds di TCM Movie Database

Artikel bertopik film Amerika Serikat ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[Note2-2] Nama studio adang-kadang juga ditulis "Theatre of Material".^[1]

[Note1-7] Beberapa media secara bergantian melaporkan pemutaran festival film 1990 dan 1991 sebagai rilis pertamanya.^[3]^[4]^[5]

[FOOTNOTEStephens2000-1] Stephens 2000.

[FOOTNOTEMerhige_1991-3] Merhige 1991.

[FOOTNOTEGeritz2006-4] Geritz 2006.

[FOOTNOTEMaslin1991-5] Maslin 1991.

[FOOTNOTESterritt200035-6] Sterritt 2000, hlm. 35.

[FOOTNOTEDutka2004a51-8] Dutka 2004a, hlm. 51.

[Note 1]

[2]

[Note 2]

[6]

[1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Baris 17: / Baris 17: @@
 | runtime        = 72 menit
 | country        = Amerika Serikat
-| language       = Inggris (intertitle)
+| language       = Antarjudul Inggris
 | studio         = Theatreofmaterial{{refn|name=Note2|group=Note|Nama studio adang-kadang juga ditulis "Theatre of Material".{{sfn|Stephens|2000}}}}<br />William Markle Associates (Sound){{sfn|Merhige 1991}}
 | distributor    = World Artists Home Video (all media)
@@ Baris 25: / Baris 25: @@
 '''''Begotten''''' adalah sebuah film horor eksperimental Amerika tahun 1989 yang ditulis, diproduksi, diedit, dan disutradarai oleh [[Edmund Elias Merhige]]. Film ini dibintangi oleh [[Brian Salsburg]], [[Donna Dempsy]], [[Stephen Charles Barry]], dan anggota perusahaan teater Theatreofmaterial milik Merhige. Film ini tidak berisi dialog dan menggunakan gaya yang mirip dengan [[film bisu]] awal. Plot misterius dalam film ini diambil dari unsur-unsur berbagai [[mitos penciptaan]]. Film dimulai dengan adegan bunuh diri sosok [[Tuhan]] yang melahirkan Ibu Pertiwi dan Putra Bumi, kemudian memulai perjalanan kematian dan kelahiran kembali melalui lanskap tandus. Menurut sejarawan seni [[Scott MacDonald]], kualitas alegoris film dan ambiguitas yang disengaja telah mengundang banyak interpretasi tentang film ini.
-Begotten pertama kali disusun sebagai karya teater eksperimental dengan tarian dan iringan musik langsung, tetapi Merhige beralih ke film setelah memutuskan bahwa visinya akan terlalu mahal untuk dicapai sebagai produksi untuk penonton langsung. [[Antonin Artaud]] dan filsuf [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] adalah pengaruh besar pada Begotten, karena Merhige percaya bahwa ide dan teori mereka belum dieksplorasi sepenuhnya dalam film. Gaya visual film ini terinspirasi oleh film dokumenter pendek ''Blood of the Beasts'' karya [[Georges Franju]], ''[[Seven Samurai]]'' karya [[Akira Kurosawa]], ''[[The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes]]'' karya [[Stan Brakhage]], dan film Ekspresionis Jerman ''[[The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari]]''. Syuting Film Begotten dilakukan di [[New York]] dan [[New Jersey]] yang diperkirakan memakan waktu hingga tiga setengah tahun. Namun, dalam sebuah wawancara, Merhige mengatakan bahwa syuting film ini hanya memakan waktu lima setengah bulan.
+Begotten pertama kali disusun sebagai karya teater eksperimental dengan tarian dan iringan musik langsung, tetapi Merhige beralih ke film setelah memutuskan bahwa visinya akan terlalu mahal untuk dicapai sebagai produksi untuk penonton langsung. [[Antonin Artaud]] dan filsuf [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] adalah pengaruh besar pada Begotten, karena Merhige percaya bahwa ide dan teori mereka belum dieksplorasi sepenuhnya dalam film. Gaya visual film ini terinspirasi oleh [[film dokumenter]] pendek ''Blood of the Beasts'' karya [[Georges Franju]], ''[[Seven Samurai]]'' karya [[Akira Kurosawa]], ''[[The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes]]'' karya [[Stan Brakhage]], dan film Ekspresionis Jerman ''[[The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari]]''. Syuting Film Begotten dilakukan di [[New York]] dan [[New Jersey]] yang diperkirakan memakan waktu hingga tiga setengah tahun. Namun, dalam sebuah wawancara, Merhige mengatakan bahwa syuting film ini hanya memakan waktu lima setengah bulan.
-Setelah film itu selesai, Merhige menghabiskan dua tahun berikutnya untuk mencari distributor yang mau memasarkannya. Setelah debutnya di Festival Film Dunia Montreal, film tersebut diputar di Festival Film Internasional San Francisco, di mana film tersebut ditonton oleh kritikus film [[Tom Luddy]] dan [[Peter Scarlet]]. Mereka membawanya ke perhatian sesama kritikus film, [[Susan Sontag]], yang kemudian memberi pujian antusias dan pemutaran pribadi film di rumahnya sendiri berperan penting dalam perilisan akhir film ini. Meskipun sebagian besar diabaikan oleh kritikus film arus utama, film ini mencapai status film kultus dan memengaruhi beberapa pembuat film, seniman visual, dan musisi avant-garde. Kelangkaan film di video rumahan mendorong para penggemarnya untuk menyebarkan salinan bajakan mereka sendiri, sebuah fenomena yang digambarkan sebagai "pemujaan salinan" oleh sarjana studi film Ernest Mathijs. Sebagai bagian pertama dari seri yang direncanakan, ''Begotten'' diikuti oleh perilisan ''Din of Celestial Birds'' pada tahun 2006, sebuah sekuel pendek dengan [[teori evolusi]] sebagai tema dominannya.
+Setelah film itu selesai, Merhige menghabiskan dua tahun berikutnya untuk mencari distributor yang mau memasarkannya. Setelah debutnya di [[Festival Film Dunia Montreal]], film tersebut diputar di [[Festival Film Internasional San Francisco]], di mana film tersebut ditonton oleh kritikus film [[Tom Luddy]] dan [[Peter Scarlet]]. Mereka membawanya ke perhatian sesama kritikus film, [[Susan Sontag]], yang kemudian memberi pujian antusias dan pemutaran pribadi film di rumahnya sendiri berperan penting dalam perilisan akhir film ini. Meskipun sebagian besar diabaikan oleh kritikus film arus utama, film ini mencapai status film kultus dan memengaruhi beberapa pembuat film, seniman visual, dan musisi avant-garde. Kelangkaan film di video rumahan mendorong para penggemarnya untuk menyebarkan salinan bajakan mereka sendiri, sebuah fenomena yang digambarkan sebagai "pemujaan salinan" oleh sarjana studi film Ernest Mathijs. Sebagai bagian pertama dari seri yang direncanakan, ''Begotten'' diikuti oleh perilisan ''Din of Celestial Birds'' pada tahun 2006, sebuah sekuel pendek dengan [[teori evolusi]] sebagai tema dominannya.
 ==Referensi==
@@ Baris 74: / Baris 74: @@
 *{{cite web|author=Anon.|title=Begotten & Shadow of the Vampire Double Feature with Director E. Elias Merhige in Person!|url=http://do312.com/events/2016/9/25/begotten-shadow-of-the-vampire-double-feature-with-director-e-elias-merhige-in-person|publisher=DO312|access-date=July 15, 2017|date=September 25, 2016|ref={{sfnref|DO312 2016}}}}
 *{{cite web|author=Anon.|url=http://history.sffs.org/films/film_details.php?id=3113 |title=Marilyn Manson: Anti-Christ Superstar|publisher=[[San Francisco International Film Festival]]|access-date=March 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327204902/http://history.sffs.org/films/film_details.php?id=3113 |archive-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|San Francisco Film Festival 2017}}}}
-*{{cite web|author=Anon.|title=Special Event: Begotten + Live Score by The Begotten|url=https://shortfilms.org.uk/lsff2017/events/2017-01-08-special-event-begotten-+-live-score-by-the-begotten|website=ShortFilms.org.uk|publisher=MothClub|access-date=July 20, 2019|date=2017|ref={{sfnref|MothClub 2017}}}}
+*{{cite web|author=Anon.|title=Special Event: Begotten + Live Score by The Begotten|url=https://shortfilms.org.uk/lsff2017/events/2017-01-08-special-event-begotten-+-live-score-by-the-begotten|website=ShortFilms.org.uk|publisher=MothClub|access-date=July 20, 2019|date=2017|ref={{sfnref|MothClub 2017}}|archive-date=2020-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427191912/https://shortfilms.org.uk/lsff2017/events/2017-01-08-special-event-begotten-+-live-score-by-the-begotten|dead-url=yes}}
 *{{cite web|author=Anon.|title=Horse Jumper Of Love Share Airport Track On Stereogum|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Horse-Jumper-Of-Love-Share-AIRPORT-Track-On-Stereogum-20190528|website=BroadwayWorld.com|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|access-date=September 10, 2019|date=May 28, 2019|ref={{sfnref|Broadway World News Desk 2019}}}}
 *{{cite web|author=Anon.|title=Champs-Élysées Film Festival – 18 au 25 juin 2019|url=http://www.champselyseesfilmfestival.com/2019/en/french-short-films/movie-388-skin-of-man|publisher=Champs-Élysées Film Festival|access-date=August 5, 2019|date=June 18, 2019|ref={{sfnref|Champs Elsees Film Festival 2019}}}}
@@ Baris 93: / Baris 93: @@
 *{{cite news|last=Cornell|first=Christopher|title=Home Entertainment: Pianist profile, Italy tour top latest video releases|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57112727/home-entertainment-pianist-profile/|access-date=August 10, 2020|newspaper=[[The Fort Myers News-Press]]|publisher=[[Gannett]]|date=March 19, 1995|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|page=85}}
 *{{cite web|last1=Day| first1=Nick| title=Beyond the Black Rainbow – The Review|url=http://wearemoviegeeks.com/2012/06/beyond-the-black-rainbow-the-review/|publisher=WeAreMovieGeeks|access-date=December 11, 2018|date=June 22, 2012}}
-*{{cite web|last1=Dee|first1=Jake|title=Top 10 Trippy Horror Movies You Don't Want to See While Stoned!|url=https://www.joblo.com/horror-movies/news/lists-top-10-trippy-horror-movies-you-dont-want-to-see-while-stoned/item#10|website=[[Joblo.com]]|access-date=January 28, 2021|date=April 20, 2018}}
+*{{cite web|last1=Dee|first1=Jake|title=Top 10 Trippy Horror Movies You Don't Want to See While Stoned!|url=https://www.joblo.com/horror-movies/news/lists-top-10-trippy-horror-movies-you-dont-want-to-see-while-stoned/item#10|website=[[Joblo.com]]|access-date=January 28, 2021|date=April 20, 2018|archive-date=2021-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208064025/https://www.joblo.com/horror-movies/news/lists-top-10-trippy-horror-movies-you-dont-want-to-see-while-stoned/item#10|dead-url=yes}}
 *{{cite magazine|last=DiMatteo|first=Robert|date=January–February 1991|title=Future Primeval|magazine=[[Film Comment]]|page=2|volume=27|issue=1|jstor=43453866}}
 *{{cite web|last1=Derington|first1=Anthony|title=Interview: Flesh of the Void's James Quinn|url=https://nofspodcast.com/interview-flesh-voids-james-quinn/|publisher=Nightmare on Film Street|access-date=October 14, 2019|date=September 1, 2017}}
@@ Baris 119: / Baris 119: @@
 *{{cite podcast|last=Louv|first=Jason|url=https://ultraculture.org/blog/2015/12/20/e-elias-merhige/|title=E. Elias Merhige, Director of 'Begotten' and 'Shadow of the Vampire', Chats About Magick and Remote Viewing|website=UltraCulture.org|publisher=Ultraculture Incorporated|date=December 17, 2015|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525062414/https://ultraculture.org/blog/2015/12/20/e-elias-merhige/|archive-date=May 25, 2018}} [https://radiopublic.com/ultraculture-with-jason-louv-GqrrgW/s1!ad6a5 Alt URL]
 *{{cite news|last1=Lubitow|first1=Adam|title=Adam reviews 'Frankenstein Bemshi!' and 'One Frogless Evening: A Tribute to Amphibian Artiste Michigan J. Frog'|url=https://www.rochestercitynewspaper.com/rochester/adam-reviews-frankenstein-bemshi-and-one-frogless-evening-a-tribute-to-amphibian-artiste-michigan-j-frog/Content?oid=8116261|newspaper=[[Rochester City Newspaper]]|access-date=October 26, 2018|date=September 23, 2018}}
-*{{cite web|last1=Maidy|first1=Alex|title=The Ten Spot: Most Disturbing Movies Ever|url=https://www.joblo.com/movie-news/lists-the-ten-spot-most-disturbing-movies-ever/item#4|website=Joblo.com|access-date=January 28, 2021|date=October 19, 2012}}
+*{{cite web|last1=Maidy|first1=Alex|title=The Ten Spot: Most Disturbing Movies Ever|url=https://www.joblo.com/movie-news/lists-the-ten-spot-most-disturbing-movies-ever/item#4|website=Joblo.com|access-date=January 28, 2021|date=October 19, 2012|archive-date=2021-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206133915/https://www.joblo.com/movie-news/lists-the-ten-spot-most-disturbing-movies-ever/item#4|dead-url=yes}}
 *{{cite news|last=Malcolm|first=Paul|title=Begotten|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/578882559/|access-date=October 15, 2019|newspaper=[[LA Weekly]]|date=August 11, 1994|via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{subscription required}}|page=43|ref={{sfnref|''LA Weekly''|1994|p=43}}}}
 *{{cite news|last1=Manders|first1=Hayden|title=Ranking the 8 Most Disturbing Horror Films Ever Made |url=https://nylon.com/articles/ranking-most-disturbing-movies|magazine=[[Nylon (magazine)|Nylon]]|access-date=July 23, 2019|date=October 30, 2017}}
@@ Baris 129: / Baris 129: @@
 *{{cite web|last1=Moore|first1=Debi|title=SpectreFest 2015 Lineup Includes Cooties, Sun Choke, Goodnight Mommy, Deathgasm, and More!|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/121073/spectrefest-2015-lineup-includes-cooties-sun-choke-goodnight-mommy-deathgasm-and-more/|publisher=[[Dread Central]]|access-date=October 25, 2018|date=August 22, 2015}}
 *{{cite web|last1=Mottram|first1=James|title=E Elias Merhige – Shadow of the Vampire|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/11/08/e_elias_merhige_shadow_of_a_vampire_071100_interview.shtml|publisher=[[BBC.co.uk]]|access-date=July 23, 2019|date=October 28, 2014}}
-*{{cite podcast|last=Nicolay|first=Scott|author-link=Scott Nicolay|title=E. Elias Merhige: The Greatest Apple You'll Ever Eat (Episode 29)|url=http://d389m4nxglxxui.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/20160128214510/TOD2.4_EEMehrige_28i16_mixdown-1.mp3|website=The Outer Dark|publisher=Project iRadio<!-- defunct podcast network company; see https://web.archive.org/web/20160303043324/http://www.projectiradio.com/e-elias-merhige-the-best-apple-youll-ever-eat-the-outer-dark-episode-29-january-28-2016 -->|access-date=August 20, 2020|date=January 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302104855/http://d389m4nxglxxui.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/20160128214510/TOD2.4_EEMehrige_28i16_mixdown-1.mp3|archive-date=March 2, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-format=MP3|via=[[Amazon CloudFront]]|archivedate=2016-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302104855/http://d389m4nxglxxui.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/20160128214510/TOD2.4_EEMehrige_28i16_mixdown-1.mp3|deadurl=yes}}
+*{{cite podcast|last=Nicolay|first=Scott|author-link=Scott Nicolay|title=E. Elias Merhige: The Greatest Apple You'll Ever Eat (Episode 29)|url=http://d389m4nxglxxui.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/20160128214510/TOD2.4_EEMehrige_28i16_mixdown-1.mp3|website=The Outer Dark|publisher=Project iRadio<!-- defunct podcast network company; see https://web.archive.org/web/20160303043324/http://www.projectiradio.com/e-elias-merhige-the-best-apple-youll-ever-eat-the-outer-dark-episode-29-january-28-2016 -->|access-date=August 20, 2020|date=January 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302104855/http://d389m4nxglxxui.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/20160128214510/TOD2.4_EEMehrige_28i16_mixdown-1.mp3|archive-date=March 2, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-format=MP3|via=[[Amazon CloudFront]]|deadurl=yes}}
 *{{cite news|last1=Preira|first1=Matt|title=Marilyn Manson's Antichrist Superstar Is 15: A Video History|url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/music/marilyn-mansons-antichrist-superstar-is-15-a-video-history-6430837|newspaper=[[New Times Broward-Palm Beach]]|access-date=July 19, 2017|date=October 4, 2011}}
 *{{cite magazine|last1=Riefe|first1=Jordan|title=A Hollywood Filmmaker's Beguiling and Inspiring Collection|publisher=OP Media|url=https://www.finebooksmagazine.com/issue/hollywood-filmmakers-beguiling-and-inspiring-collection|magazine=Fine Books & Collections|access-date=September 23, 2020|ref={{sfnref|Riefe 2020}}|date=August 13, 2020}}
@@ Baris 169: / Baris 169: @@
 * {{IMDb title|0872250|Din of Celestial Birds}}
 * {{tcmdb title|650759|Din of Celestial Birds}}
+{{E. Elias Merhige}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Begotten}}
-[[Kategori:Film tahun 1989]]
+[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 1989]]
-[[Kategori:Film debut penyutradaraan 1989]]
+[[Kategori:Film debut penyutradaraan tahun 1989]]
-[[Kategori:Film horor tahun 1989]]
+[[Kategori:Film horor]]
-[[Kategori:Film avant-garde dan eksperimental 1980-an]]
+[[Kategori:Film eksperimental dan avant-garde]]
-[[Kategori:Film indie 1989]]
+[[Kategori:Film independen]]
-[[Kategori:Film Amerika]]
+[[Kategori:Film hitam putih]]
-[[Kategori:Film avant-garde dan eksperimental Amerika]]
+[[Kategori:Film bisu]]
-[[Kategori:Film hitam-putih Amerika]]
+[[Kategori:Film percik]]<!--?-->
-[[Kategori:Film indie Amerika]]
+[[Kategori:Film supernatural]]
-[[Kategori:film bisu Amerika]]
-[[Kategori:Film percik Amerika]]
-[[Kategori:Film horor supernatural Amerika]]
 [[Kategori:Film yang disensor]]
 [[Kategori:Deicide dalam fiksi]]
-[[Kategori:Film yang disutradarai oleh E. Elias Merhige]]
+[[Kategori:Film yang disutradarai E. Elias Merhige]]
-[[Kategori:Film yang diambil di New Jersey]]
+[[Kategori:Film yang mengambil gambar di New Jersey]]
-[[Kategori:Film yang diambil di New Mexico]]
+[[Kategori:Film yang mengambil gambar di New Mexico]]
-[[Kategori:Film yang diambil di New York (negara bagian)]]
+[[Kategori:Film yang mengambil gambar di New York]]
-[[Kategori:Film tanpa ucapan]]
 [[Kategori:Tuhan dalam fiksi]]
 [[Kategori:Film fiksi metafisik]]
-[[Kategori:Film horor religi]]
+[[Kategori:Film religi]]
 [[Kategori:Film bawah tanah]]
-{{film-stub}}
+{{AS-film-stub}}