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{{Automatic taxobox
{{italic title}}
| taxon = Magnolia
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Magnolia''
| name = ''Magnolia''
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Paleogen|Sekarang|ref=<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Lu-Liang |last2=Jin |first2=Jian-Hua |last3=Quan |first3=Cheng |last4=Oskolski |first4=Alexei A. |date=January 2020 |title=Mummified Magnoliaceae woods from the upper Oligocene of South China, with biogeography, paleoecology, and wood trait evolution implications |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12480 |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=89–100 |doi=10.1111/jse.12480 |s2cid=91861708 |issn=1674-4918}}</ref>}}
| image =Magnolia_wieseneri.jpg
| image =Magnolia_wieseneri.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Magnolia × wieseneri]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Magnolia × wieseneri]]''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_subregnum = [[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]
| unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s
| unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]
| ordo = [[Magnoliales]]
| ordo = [[Magnoliales]]
| familia = [[Magnoliaceae]]
| familia = [[Magnoliaceae]]
| genus = '''''Magnolia'''''
| genus = '''''Magnolia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Spesies
| subdivision_ranks = Spesies
| subdivision = lihat teks
| subdivision = lihat teks
| synonyms =
*''Alcimandra'' Dandy
*''Aromadendron'' Blume
*''Blumia'' Nees ex Blume
*''Buergeria'' Siebold & Zucc.
*''Champaca'' Adans.
*''Dugandiodendron'' Lozano
*''Elmerrillia'' Dandy
*''Guillimia'' Rchb.
*''Gwillimia'' Rottler ex DC.
*''Houpoea'' N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
*''Kmeria'' Dandy
*''Kobus'' Kaempf. ex Salisb.
*''Lassonia'' Buchoz
*''Lirianthe'' Spach
*''Liriopsis'' Spach
*''Manglietia'' Blume
*''Manglietiastrum'' Y.W.Law
*''Metamagnolia'' Sima & S.G.Lu
*'''''[[Michelia]]''''' L.
*''Micheliopsis'' H.Keng
*''Oyama'' (Nakai) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
*''Pachylarnax'' Dandy
*''Parakmeria'' Hu & W.C.Cheng
*''Paramagnolia'' Sima & S.G.Lu
*''Paramanglietia'' Hu & W.C.Cheng
*''Paramichelia'' Hu
*''Sampacca'' Kuntze
*''Santanderia'' Cespedes ex Triana & Planch.
*''Sinomanglietia'' Z.X.Yu
*''Sphenocarpus'' Wall.
*''Svenhedinia'' Urb.
*''Talauma'' A.Juss.
*''Tsoongiodendron'' Chun
*''Tulipastrum'' Spach
*''Woonyoungia'' Y.W.Law
*''Yulania'' Spach

| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_30000709-2">{{cite web |title=''Magnolia'' Plum. ex L.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000709-2 |access-date=2022-03-25}}</ref>
|}}
|}}
'''''Magnolia''''' adalah salah satu [[marga]] [[tumbuhan berbunga]] yang dikenal luas karena bunganya yang indah atau menyebarkan aroma yang harum. Anggotanya cukup besar, dan saat ini tengah mengalami revisi. Petunjuk-petunjuk molekuler memperlihatkan bahwa marga-marga seperti ''[[Talauma]]'', ''[[Dugandiodendron]]'', ''[[Manglietia]]'', ''[[Michelia]]'', ''[[Elmerrillia]]'', ''[[Kmeria]]'', ''[[Parakmeria]]'', ''[[Pachylarnax]]'', dan beberapa marga spesies tunggal layak dimasukkan ke dalam ''Magnolia'' s.l. (s.l. = ''sensu lato'': 'dalam arti luas'; sebagai lawan dari s.s. = ''sensu stricto'': 'dalam arti sempit'). Marga ''Magnolia'' s.s. mencakup sekitar 120 jenis saja. Nama marga ini diambil dari [[botani]]wan [[Prancis]], [[Pierre Magnol]].
'''Keliyun''' atau '''keliun ''(Magnolia)''''' adalah salah satu [[marga]] [[tumbuhan berbunga]] yang dikenal luas karena bunganya yang indah atau menyebarkan aroma yang harum. Anggotanya cukup besar, dan saat ini tengah mengalami revisi. Petunjuk-petunjuk molekuler memperlihatkan bahwa marga-marga seperti ''[[Talauma]]'', ''[[Dugandiodendron]]'', ''[[Manglietia]]'', ''[[Michelia]]'', ''[[Elmerrillia]]'', ''[[Kmeria]]'', ''[[Parakmeria]]'', ''[[Pachylarnax]]'', dan beberapa marga spesies tunggal layak dimasukkan ke dalam ''Magnolia'' s.l. (s.l. = ''sensu lato'': 'dalam arti luas'; sebagai lawan dari s.s. = ''sensu stricto'': 'dalam arti sempit'). Marga ''Magnolia'' s.s. mencakup sekitar 120 jenis saja. Nama marga ini diambil dari [[botani]]wan [[Prancis]], [[Pierre Magnol]].


Marga ''Magnolia'' menunjukkan ciri-ciri evolusi primitif. Perhiasan bunganya tidak tersusun dalam lingkaran berlapis, seperti kebanyakan bunga, tetapi tersusun secara [[spiral]]. Fosil-fosilnya berumur sampai 20 juta tahun, sehingga diketahui bahwa ''Magnolia'' berevolusi lebih awal daripada lebah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crane |first=P.R. |date=1988 |chapter=The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae |editor1-last=Hunt |editor1-first=David R. |title=Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996 |location=Milbourne Port |page=21 |isbn=9780951723487 |oclc=40781614}}</ref> Bunganya tidak dirancang untuk diserbuki oleh [[lebah]] tetapi [[kumbang]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms |last=Bernhardt |first=P. |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=222 |issue=1–4 |pages=293–320 |date=2000 |url=http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |doi=10.1007/bf00984108 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223060505/http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |archivedate=2015-12-23 }}</ref>
Marga ''Magnolia'' menunjukkan ciri-ciri evolusi primitif. Perhiasan bunganya tidak tersusun dalam lingkaran berlapis, seperti kebanyakan bunga, tetapi tersusun secara [[spiral]]. Fosil-fosilnya berumur sampai 20 juta tahun, sehingga diketahui bahwa ''Magnolia'' berevolusi lebih awal daripada lebah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crane |first=P.R. |date=1988 |chapter=The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae |editor1-last=Hunt |editor1-first=David R. |title=Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996 |location=Milbourne Port |page=21 |isbn=9780951723487 |oclc=40781614}}</ref> Bunganya tidak dirancang untuk diserbuki oleh [[lebah]] tetapi [[kumbang]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms |last=Bernhardt |first=P. |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=222 |issue=1–4 |pages=293–320 |date=2000 |url=http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |doi=10.1007/bf00984108 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223060505/http://www.uvm.edu/~dbarring/241/bernhardt2000.pdf |archivedate=2015-12-23 }}</ref>


Persebaran jenis-jenis ''Magnolia'' tidak kontinu. Pusat keanekaragaman utamanya adalah di [[Asia Tenggara]] dan [[Asia Timur]]. Pusat persebaran sekunder adalah di benua [[Amerika]]. Beberapa jenis ''Magnolia'' dikenal sebagai tumbuhan penghias kebun dan pelengkap upacara tradisional [[Nusantara]], seperti [[cempaka]] dan [[kantil]].
Persebaran jenis-jenis ''Magnolia'' tidak kontinu. Pusat keanekaragaman utamanya adalah di [[Asia Tenggara]] dan [[Asia Timur]]. Pusat persebaran sekunder adalah di benua [[Amerika]]. Beberapa jenis ''Magnolia'' dikenal sebagai tumbuhan penghias kebun dan pelengkap upacara tradisional [[Nusantara]], seperti [[cempaka]] dan [[kantil]].

== Daftar spesies<ref name=MS2012>{{cite web |url=https://www.magnoliasociety.org/Classification |title=Magnolia Classification |last=Figlar |first=Richard B. |date=April 2012 |publisher=Magnolia Society International |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312020122/https://www.magnoliasociety.org/Classification |archive-date=12 March 2022}}</ref> ==

=== Subgenus ''Magnolia'' ===

;Bagian ''Magnolia''
* ''[[Magnolia faustinomirandae]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia grandiflora]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia guatemalensis]]'' <small>Donn. Sm.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia guerrerensis]]'' <small>J.Jiménez Ram., K.Vega & Cruz Durán</small>
* ''[[Magnolia iltisiana]]'' <small>Vazquez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia krusei]]'' <small>J.Jiménez Ram. & Cruz Durán</small>
* ''[[Magnolia oaxacensis]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia pacifica]]'' <small>Vazquez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia panamensis]]'' <small>Vazquez & Iltis</small>
* ''[[Magnolia pedrazae]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia poasana]]'' <small>(Pittier) Dandy</small>
*''[[Magnolia poqomchi]]'' {{Small|M.J.Serrano & A.Vázquez}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Serrano |first1=Marcelo José |last2=Grajeda-Estrada |first2=Rafael |last3=Villalobos |first3=Andrés |last4=Álvarez-Ruano |first4=María Renée |last5=Vázquez-García |first5=J. Antonio |date=2020-08-04 |title=Magnolia poqomchi , a new species of subsection Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.454.4.1 |journal=Phytotaxa |language=en |volume=454 |issue=4 |pages=231–243 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.1 |issn=1179-3163 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''[[Magnolia schiedeana]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sharpii]]'' <small>Meranda</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sororum]]'' <small>Seibert</small>
* ''[[Magnolia tamaulipana]]'' <small>Vazquez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia tarahumara]]'' <small>(Vazquez) A.Vázquez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia vazquezii]]'' <small>Cruz Durán & K.Vega</small>
* ''[[Magnolia virginiana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia yoroconte]]'' <small>Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia zamudioi]]'' <small>A.Vázquez</small>

; Bagian ''Gwillimia''

;; Subbagian ''Gwillimia''
* ''[[Magnolia albosericea]]'' <small>Chun & Tsoong.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia bawangensis]]'' <small>Law, R.Z.Zhou & D.M.Liu</small>
* ''[[Magnolia championii]]'' <small>Benth</small>
* ''[[Magnolia clemensiorum]]'' <small>Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia coco]]'' <small>(Lour.) DC.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia delavayi]]'' <small>Franchet</small>
* ''[[Magnolia fistulosa]]'' <small>(Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia henryi]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Magnolia nana]]'' <small>Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia odoratissima]]'' <small>Law et Zhou</small>
* ''[[Magnolia pterocarpa]]'' <small>Roxb.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia xiana]]'' <small>Noot.</small>

;; Subbagian ''Blumiana''
* ''[[Magnolia angatensis]]'' <small>Blanco</small>
* ''[[Magnolia betongensis]]'' <small>(Craib) H.Keng</small>
* ''[[Magnolia gigantifolia]]'' <small>(Miq.) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia hodgsonii]]'' <small>(Hook.f. & Thom.) H.Keng</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lasia]]'' <small>Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia liliifera]]'' <small>(L.) Baillon</small>
* ''[[Magnolia mariusjacobsia]]'' <small>Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia persuaveolens]]'' <small>Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia rabaniana]]'' <small>Hook.f. & Thomson D.C.S.Raju & M.P.Nayer</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sarawakensis]]'' <small>(Agostini) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia singapurensis]]'' <small>(Ridl.) H.Keng</small>
* ''[[Magnolia villosa]]'' <small>(Miq.) H.Keng</small>

; Bagian ''Talauma''
;; Subbagian ''Talauma''
* ''[[Magnolia allenii]]'' <small>Standl.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia amazonica]]'' <small>(Ducke) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia arcabucoana]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia bankardiorum]]'' <small> M.O.Dillon & Sánchez Vega</small>
* ''[[Magnolia boliviana]]'' <small>(M.Nee) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia caricifragrans]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia cespedesii]]'' <small>(Triana & Planch) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia chocoensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia coronata]]'' <small>M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo</small>
* ''[[Magnolia dixonii]]'' <small>(Little) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia dodecapetala]]'' <small>(Lam.) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia espinalii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia georgii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia gilbertoi]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia gloriensis]]'' <small>(Pittier) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia henaoi]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia hernandezii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia irwiniana]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia jardinensis]]'' <small>M.Serna, C.Velásquez & Cogollo</small>
* ''[[Magnolia katiorum]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lacandonica]]'' <small>Vazquez-Garcia, Perez-Farrera, Martinez-Camilo, Muniz-Castro & Martinez-Melendez</small>
* ''[[Magnolia manguillo]]'' <small>Marcelo-Peña & F. Arroyo</small>
* ''[[Magnolia mexicana]]'' <small>DC.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia minor]]'' <small>(Urb.) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia morii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia narinensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia neillii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia ovata]]'' <small>(A.St.-Hil.) Spreng.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia polyhypsophylla]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia quetzal]]'' <small>Vazquez-Garcia, Veliz-Perez, Triboullier-Navas & Muniz-Castro</small>
* ''[[Magnolia rimachii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sambuensis]]'' <small>(Pittier) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia santanderiana]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sellowiana]]'' <small>(A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia silvioi]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia venezuelensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia virolinensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia wolfii]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>

;; Subbagian ''Dugandiodendron''
* ''[[Magnolia argyrothricha]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia calimaensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia calophylla]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia cararensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia chimantensis]]'' <small>Steyermark & Maguire</small>
* ''[[Magnolia colombiana]]'' <small>(Little) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia guatapensis]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia jaenensis]]'' <small>Marcelo-Peña</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lenticellata]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia magnifolia]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia mahechae]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia ptaritepuiana]]'' <small>Steyermark</small>
* ''[[Magnolia striatifolia]]'' <small>Little</small>
* ''[[Magnolia urraoense]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>
* ''[[Magnolia yarumalense]]'' <small>(Lozano) Govaerts</small>

;; Subbagian ''Cubenses''
* ''[[Magnolia cristalensis]]'' <small>Bisse</small>
* ''[[Magnolia cubensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia ekmannii]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia emarginata]]'' <small>Urb. & Ekman</small>
* ''[[Magnolia hamorii]]'' <small>Howard</small>
* ''[[Magnolia pallescens]]'' <small>Urb. & Ekman</small>
* ''[[Magnolia portoricensis]]'' <small>Bello</small>
* ''[[Magnolia splendens]]'' <small>Urban</small>

; Bagian ''Manglietia''
* ''[[Magnolia aromatica]]'' <small>(Dandy) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia blaoensis]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia blumei]]'' <small>Prantl</small>
* ''[[Magnolia calophylloides]]'' <small>Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia caveana]]'' <small>(Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer</small>
* ''[[Magnolia changhuntana]]'' <small>Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia chevalieri]]'' <small>(Dandy) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia conifera]]'' <small>(Dandy) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia crassipes]]'' <small>(Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia dandyi]]'' <small>(Gapnep.) Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia decidua]]'' <small>(Q.Y.Zheng) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia duclouxii]]'' <small>Finet & Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia figlarii]]'' <small>V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia fordiana]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Hu</small>
* ''[[Magnolia garrettii]]'' <small>(Craib) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia grandis]]'' <small>(Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia hongheensis]]'' <small>(Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia hookeri]]'' <small>Cubitt & W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia insignis]]'' <small>(Wall.) Blume</small>
* ''[[Magnolia kwangtungensis]]'' <small>Merr.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lanuginosoides]]'' <small>Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia longipedunculata]]'' <small>(Q.W.Zeng & Law) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lucida]]'' <small>(B.L. Chen & S.C. Yang) V.S. Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia obovalifolia]]'' <small>(C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia ovoidea]]'' <small>(H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia patungensis]]'' <small>(Hu) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia rufibarbata]]'' <small>(Dandy) V.S. Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sabahensis]]'' <small>(Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sapaensis]]'' <small>(N.H.Xia & Q.N.Vu) Grimshaw & Macer</small>
* ''[[Magnolia utilis]]'' <small>(Dandy) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia ventii]]'' <small>(N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia xinganensis]]'' <small>Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia yuyuanensis]]'' <small>(Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia zhengyiana]]'' <small>(N.H.Xia) Noot.</small>

; Bagian ''Kmeria''
* ''[[Magnolia duperreana]]'' <small>Pierre</small>
* ''[[Magnolia kwangsiensis]]'' <small>Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia thailandica]]'' <small>Noot. & Chalermglin</small>

; Bagian ''Rhytidospermum''

;; Subbagian ''Rhytidospermum''
* ''[[Magnolia obovata]]'' <small>Thunb.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia officinalis]]'' <small>Rehd. & Wilson</small>
* ''[[Magnolia rostrata]]'' <small>W.W.Smith</small>
* ''[[Magnolia tripetala]]'' <small>(L.) L.</small>

;; Subbagian ''Oyama''
* ''[[Magnolia globosa]]'' <small>Hook. f. & Thoms.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sieboldii]]'' <small>K. Koch</small>
* ''[[Magnolia wilsonii]]'' <small>(Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehd.</small>

; Bagian ''Auriculata''
* ''[[Magnolia fraseri]]'' <small>Walt.</small>

; Bagian ''Macrophylla''
* ''[[Magnolia dealbata]]'' <small>Zuccarini</small>
* ''[[Magnolia macrophylla]]'' <small>Michx.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia rzedowskiana]]'' <small>A.Vázquez, Domínguez-Yescas & R.Pedraza</small>
* ''[[Magnolia nuevoleonensis]]'' <small>A.Vázquez & Domínguez-Yescas</small>
* ''[[Magnolia vovidesii]]'' <small>A.Vázquez, Domínguez-Yescas & L.Carvajal</small>
{{Clear}}<!-- Please do not remove, otherwise the last picture from the previous subgenus is displayed next to this one -->

=== Subgenus ''Yulania'' ===

; Bagian ''Yulania''

;; Subbagian ''Yulania''
* ''[[Magnolia amoena]]'' <small>W.C. Cheng</small>
* ''[[Magnolia biondii]]'' <small>Pampan</small>
* ''[[Magnolia campbellii]]'' <small>Hook. f. & Thomson</small>
* ''[[Magnolia cylindrica]]'' <small>Wilson</small>
* ''[[Magnolia dawsoniana]]'' <small>Rehd. & Wilson</small>
* ''[[Magnolia denudata]]'' <small>Desr.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia kobus]]'' <small>DC.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia liliiflora]]'' <small>Desr.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia × loebneri]]'' <small>Paul Kache</small>
* ''[[Magnolia salicifolia]]'' <small>(Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sargentiana]]'' <small>Rehd. & Wilson</small>
* ''[[Magnolia × soulangeana]]'' <small>Thiéb.-Bern.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sprengeri]]'' <small>Pampan</small>
* ''[[Magnolia stellata]]'' <small>(Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia zenii]]'' <small>Cheng</small>

;; Subbagian ''Tulipastrum''
* ''[[Magnolia acuminata]]'' <small>(L.) L.</small>

; Bagian ''Michelia''

;; Subbagian ''Michelia''
* ''[[Magnolia × alba]]'' <small>(DC.) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia angustioblonga]]'' <small>(Law & Wu) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia baillonii]]'' <small>Pierre</small>
* ''[[Magnolia balansae]]'' <small>A.DC.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia banghamii]]'' <small>(Noot.) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia braianensis]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia cavaleriei]]'' <small>(Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia champaca]]'' <small>(L.) Baillon ex Pierre</small>
* ''[[Magnolia chapensis]]'' <small>(Dandy) Sima</small>
* ''[[Magnolia citrata]]'' <small>Noot. & Chalermglin</small>
* ''[[Magnolia compressa]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia coriacea]]'' <small>(H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia doltsopa]]'' <small>(Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia elegantifolia]]'' <small>Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia ernestii]]'' <small>Figlar.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia figo]]'' <small>(Lour.) DC.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia flaviflora]]'' <small>(Law & Wu) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia floribunda]]'' <small>(Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar</small>.
* ''[[Magnolia foveolata]]'' <small>(Merr. Ex Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia fujianensis]]'' <small>(Q.F.Zheng) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia fulva]]'' <small>(H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia gioi]]'' <small>(A.Chevalier) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia guangdongensis]]'' <small>(Y.H.Yan, Q.W.Zeng & F.W.Xing) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia guangxiensis]]'' <small>(Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima</small>
* ''[[Magnolia hypolampra]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia iteophylla]]'' <small>(C.Y.Wu ex Y.W.Law & Y.F.Wu) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia kingii]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia kisopa]]'' <small>(Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia koordersiana]]'' <small>(Noot.) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lacei]]'' <small>(W.W.Smith) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia laevifolia]]'' <small>(Law & Y.F.Wu) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lanuginosa]]'' <small>(Wall.) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia leveilleana]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia macclurei]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia mannii]]'' <small>(King) King</small>
* ''[[Magnolia martinii]]'' <small>H.Lev.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia masticata]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia maudiae]]'' <small>(Dunn) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia mediocris]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia microcarpa]]'' <small>(B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima</small>
* ''[[Magnolia microtricha]]'' <small>(Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia montana]]'' <small>(Blume) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia nilagirica]]'' <small>(Zenker) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia oblonga]]'' <small>(Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar</small>.
* ''[[Magnolia odora]]'' <small>(Chun) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia opipara]]'' <small>(H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima</small>
* ''[[Magnolia philippinensis]]'' <small>P.Pharm</small>
* ''[[Magnolia punduana]]'' <small>(Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia rajaniana]]'' <small>(Craib.) Figlar</small>.
* ''[[Magnolia scortechinii]]'' <small>(King) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia shiluensis]]'' <small>(Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sirindhorniae]]'' <small>Noot. & Chalermglin</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sphaerantha]]'' <small>(C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima</small>
* ''[[Magnolia subulifera]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sumatrae]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia xanthantha]]'' <small>(C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar</small>

;; Subbagian ''Elmerrillia''
* ''[[Magnolia platyphylla]]'' <small>(Merr.) Figlar & Noot.</small><ref>{{cite web |title=''Magnolia platyphylla'' |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=252961 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Magnolia pubescens]]'' <small>(Merr.) Figlar & Noot.</small><ref>{{cite web |title=''Magnolia pubescens'' |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=252964 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Magnolia sulawesiana]]'' <small>Brambach, Noot. & Culmsee</small><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brambach |first1=F. |last2=Nooteboom |first2=H.P. |last3=Culmsee |first3=H. |title=''Magnolia sulawesiana'' described, and a key to the species of ''Magnolia'' (Magnoliaceae) occurring in Sulawesi |journal=Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=271–276 |doi=10.3767/000651913X676817 |year=2013 |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565587}}</ref>
* ''[[Magnolia tsiampacca]]'' <small>(L.) Figlar & Noot.</small><ref>{{cite web |title=''Magnolia tsiampacca'' |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=252975 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Magnolia vrieseana]]'' <small>(Miq.) Baill. ex Pierre</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Magnolia vrieseana |series=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=117895 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens |place=Kew, UK |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref>

;; Subbagian ''Maingola''
* ''[[Magnolia annamensis]]'' <small>Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia carsonii]]'' <small>Dandy ex Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia cathcartii]]'' <small>(Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia griffithii]]'' <small>King</small>
* ''[[Magnolia gustavii]]'' <small>King</small>
* ''[[Magnolia macklottii]]'' <small>(Korth.) Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia pealiana]]'' <small>King</small>

;; Subbagian ''Aromadendron''
* ''[[Magnolia ashtonii]]'' <small>Dandy ex. Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia bintuluensis]]'' <small>(Agostini) Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia borneensis]]'' <small>Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia elegans]]'' <small>(Blume) Keng</small>
* ''[[Magnolia pahangensis]]'' <small>Noot.</small>

=== Subgenus ''Gynopodium'' ===

; Bagian ''Gynopodium''
* ''[[Magnolia kachirachirai]]'' <small>(Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia lotungensis]]'' <small>Chun & Tsoon</small>
* ''[[Magnolia nitida]]'' <small>W.W.Smith</small>
* ''[[Magnolia omeiensis]]'' <small>(Hu & Cheng) Dandy</small>
* ''[[Magnolia yunnanensis]]'' <small>(Hu) Noot.</small>

; Bagian ''Manglietiastrum''
* ''[[Magnolia pleiocarpa]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia praecalva]]'' <small>(Dandy) Figlar & Noot.</small>
* ''[[Magnolia sinica]]'' <small>(Law) Noot.</small>


== Galeri ==
== Galeri ==
Baris 32: Baris 385:
== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}



{{Taxonbar|from=Q157017}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q157017}}


[[Kategori:Magnoliaceae]]
[[Kategori:Magnoliaceae]]
[[Kategori:Tumbuhan obat]]



{{Tumbuhan-stub}}
{{Tumbuhan-stub}}

Revisi terkini sejak 10 September 2024 14.48

Magnolia
Rentang waktu: Paleogen–Sekarang[1]
Magnolia × wieseneri
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Kerajaan: Plantae
Klad: Tracheophyta
Klad: Angiospermae
Klad: Magnoliid
Ordo: Magnoliales
Famili: Magnoliaceae
Genus: Magnolia
L.
Spesies

lihat teks

Sinonim[2]
  • Alcimandra Dandy
  • Aromadendron Blume
  • Blumia Nees ex Blume
  • Buergeria Siebold & Zucc.
  • Champaca Adans.
  • Dugandiodendron Lozano
  • Elmerrillia Dandy
  • Guillimia Rchb.
  • Gwillimia Rottler ex DC.
  • Houpoea N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
  • Kmeria Dandy
  • Kobus Kaempf. ex Salisb.
  • Lassonia Buchoz
  • Lirianthe Spach
  • Liriopsis Spach
  • Manglietia Blume
  • Manglietiastrum Y.W.Law
  • Metamagnolia Sima & S.G.Lu
  • Michelia L.
  • Micheliopsis H.Keng
  • Oyama (Nakai) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
  • Pachylarnax Dandy
  • Parakmeria Hu & W.C.Cheng
  • Paramagnolia Sima & S.G.Lu
  • Paramanglietia Hu & W.C.Cheng
  • Paramichelia Hu
  • Sampacca Kuntze
  • Santanderia Cespedes ex Triana & Planch.
  • Sinomanglietia Z.X.Yu
  • Sphenocarpus Wall.
  • Svenhedinia Urb.
  • Talauma A.Juss.
  • Tsoongiodendron Chun
  • Tulipastrum Spach
  • Woonyoungia Y.W.Law
  • Yulania Spach

Keliyun atau keliun (Magnolia) adalah salah satu marga tumbuhan berbunga yang dikenal luas karena bunganya yang indah atau menyebarkan aroma yang harum. Anggotanya cukup besar, dan saat ini tengah mengalami revisi. Petunjuk-petunjuk molekuler memperlihatkan bahwa marga-marga seperti Talauma, Dugandiodendron, Manglietia, Michelia, Elmerrillia, Kmeria, Parakmeria, Pachylarnax, dan beberapa marga spesies tunggal layak dimasukkan ke dalam Magnolia s.l. (s.l. = sensu lato: 'dalam arti luas'; sebagai lawan dari s.s. = sensu stricto: 'dalam arti sempit'). Marga Magnolia s.s. mencakup sekitar 120 jenis saja. Nama marga ini diambil dari botaniwan Prancis, Pierre Magnol.

Marga Magnolia menunjukkan ciri-ciri evolusi primitif. Perhiasan bunganya tidak tersusun dalam lingkaran berlapis, seperti kebanyakan bunga, tetapi tersusun secara spiral. Fosil-fosilnya berumur sampai 20 juta tahun, sehingga diketahui bahwa Magnolia berevolusi lebih awal daripada lebah.[3] Bunganya tidak dirancang untuk diserbuki oleh lebah tetapi kumbang.[4]

Persebaran jenis-jenis Magnolia tidak kontinu. Pusat keanekaragaman utamanya adalah di Asia Tenggara dan Asia Timur. Pusat persebaran sekunder adalah di benua Amerika. Beberapa jenis Magnolia dikenal sebagai tumbuhan penghias kebun dan pelengkap upacara tradisional Nusantara, seperti cempaka dan kantil.

Daftar spesies[5]

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Subgenus Magnolia

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Bagian Magnolia
Bagian Gwillimia
Subbagian Gwillimia
Subbagian Blumiana
Bagian Talauma
Subbagian Talauma
Subbagian Dugandiodendron
Subbagian Cubenses
Bagian Manglietia
Bagian Kmeria
Bagian Rhytidospermum
Subbagian Rhytidospermum
Subbagian Oyama
Bagian Auriculata
Bagian Macrophylla

Subgenus Yulania

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Bagian Yulania
Subbagian Yulania
Subbagian Tulipastrum
Bagian Michelia
Subbagian Michelia
Subbagian Elmerrillia
Subbagian Maingola
Subbagian Aromadendron

Subgenus Gynopodium

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Bagian Gynopodium
Bagian Manglietiastrum

Galeri

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Magnolia stellata
    Magnolia stellata
  • Magnolia grandiflora
    Magnolia grandiflora
  • Magnolia obovata
    Magnolia obovata
  • Magnolia champaca
    Magnolia champaca
  • Magnolia × soulangeana
    Magnolia × soulangeana
  • Magnolia liliiflora
    Magnolia liliiflora

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ Huang, Lu-Liang; Jin, Jian-Hua; Quan, Cheng; Oskolski, Alexei A. (January 2020). "Mummified Magnoliaceae woods from the upper Oligocene of South China, with biogeography, paleoecology, and wood trait evolution implications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution (dalam bahasa Inggris). 58 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1111/jse.12480. ISSN 1674-4918. 
  2. ^ "Magnolia Plum. ex L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Diakses tanggal 2022-03-25. 
  3. ^ Crane, P.R. (1988). "The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae". Dalam Hunt, David R. Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996. Milbourne Port. hlm. 21. ISBN 9780951723487. OCLC 40781614. 
  4. ^ Bernhardt, P. (2000). "Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 222 (1–4): 293–320. doi:10.1007/bf00984108. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-12-23. 
  5. ^ Figlar, Richard B. (April 2012). "Magnolia Classification". Magnolia Society International. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2020. 
  6. ^ Serrano, Marcelo José; Grajeda-Estrada, Rafael; Villalobos, Andrés; Álvarez-Ruano, María Renée; Vázquez-García, J. Antonio (2020-08-04). "Magnolia poqomchi , a new species of subsection Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala". Phytotaxa (dalam bahasa Inggris). 454 (4): 231–243. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.1 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. ISSN 1179-3163. 
  7. ^ "Magnolia platyphylla". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015. 
  8. ^ "Magnolia pubescens". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015. 
  9. ^ Brambach, F.; Nooteboom, H.P.; Culmsee, H. (2013). "Magnolia sulawesiana described, and a key to the species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) occurring in Sulawesi". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 58 (3): 271–276. doi:10.3767/000651913X676817. 
  10. ^ "Magnolia tsiampacca". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015. 
  11. ^ "Magnolia vrieseana". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2015. 


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