Islam di Uttar Pradesh: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Yatim|Oktober 2022}} |
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'''Islam di Uttar Pradesh''' adalah agama terbesar kedua di negara bagian tersebut. Menurut sensus 2011, Muslim 3.85 Crore atau 19.26% mengidentifikasikan diri sebagai Muslim<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh Religion Hindu/Muslim Data - Census 2011|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/state/9-uttar-pradesh.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>, naik dari 18.97% pada tahun 2001. |
'''Islam di Uttar Pradesh''' adalah agama terbesar kedua di negara bagian tersebut. Menurut sensus 2011, Muslim 3.85 Crore atau 19.26% mengidentifikasikan diri sebagai Muslim<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh Religion Hindu/Muslim Data - Census 2011|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/state/9-uttar-pradesh.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>, naik dari 18.97% pada tahun 2001. |
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{{Infobox religious group|group=Islam di Uttar Pradesh|population=38.483.967 (2011)<ref>[https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/2-muslims.html]</ref><br> |
{{Infobox religious group|group=Islam di Uttar Pradesh|population=38.483.967 (2011)<ref>[https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/2-muslims.html]</ref><br> |
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'''19.3%''' dari total populasi {{increase}}|regions= |
'''19.3%''' dari total populasi {{increase}}|regions=Distrik Hampur (50.6%), Moradabad (47.1%), Bijnor (43%), Saharanpur (42%) dan Muzaffarnagar (41.3%)|languages=Mayoritas [[Bahasa Awadhi|Awadhi]] dengan minoritas [[Bahasa Urdu|Urdu]]|religions=Mayoritas [[Islam Sunni|Sunni]] dengan minoritas [[Syiah]]|flag=}} |
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Dengan populasi Muslim sebesar 38.483.967 orang, Uttar Pradesh adalah negara bagian dengan populasi Muslim terbesar<ref name=":0" />, disusul Bemggala Barat dan Bihar. |
Dengan populasi Muslim sebesar 38.483.967 orang, Uttar Pradesh adalah negara bagian dengan populasi Muslim terbesar<ref name=":0" />, disusul Bemggala Barat dan Bihar. |
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== Sejarah == |
== Sejarah == |
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Meskipun serbuan Muslim ke daerah itu terjadi pada awal 1000 hingga 1300, pemerintahan Muslim atas India utara tidak didirikan sampai dekade terakhir abad ke-12, ketika Muḥammad Ghūr mengalahkan Gahadavalas yang saat itu menduduki |
Meskipun serbuan Muslim ke daerah itu terjadi pada awal 1000 hingga 1300, pemerintahan Muslim atas India utara tidak didirikan sampai dekade terakhir abad ke-12, ketika Muḥammad Ghūr mengalahkan Gahadavalas yang saat itu menduduki sebagian besar Uttar Pradesh dan dinasti pesaing lainnya. Selama hampir 600 tahun, Uttar Pradesh dan sebagian besar India, diperintah oleh satu dinasti [[Muslim]] atau lainnya, masing-masing berpusat di atau dekat [[Delhi]]. Selama paruh pertama waktu itu, para penguasa adalah anggota [[kesultanan Delhi]]. |
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Pada tahun 1526, Bābur, keturunan [[Jenghis Khan]] dan Timur (Tamerlane)—mengalahkan Sultan Ibrāhīm Lod dari Delhi dan meletakkan dasar dari dinasti Muslim yang paling sukses yaitu [[Kesultanan Mughal]] yang kerajaannya, berpusat di [[Uttar Pradesh]] dan mendominasi anak benua selama lebih dari 200 tahun. |
Pada tahun 1526, Bābur, keturunan [[Jenghis Khan]] dan Timur (Tamerlane)—mengalahkan Sultan Ibrāhīm Lod dari Delhi dan meletakkan dasar dari dinasti Muslim yang paling sukses yaitu [[Kesultanan Mughal]] yang kerajaannya, berpusat di [[Uttar Pradesh]] dan mendominasi anak benua selama lebih dari 200 tahun. Wilayah kekaisaran terbesar berada di bawah Akbar (memerintah 1556 hingga1605), yang membangun ibu kota baru yang megah, yaitu [[Fatehpur Sikri]]. |
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Cucunya yaitu Shah Jahān (memerintah 1628 hingga 1658), membangun [[Agra]], salah satu pencapaian arsitektur terbesar di dunia, Taj Mahal yang merupakan makam yang dibangun untuk mengenang istri kesayangannya, yang meninggal saat melahirkan. |
Cucunya yaitu Shah Jahān (memerintah 1628 hingga 1658), membangun [[Agra]], salah satu pencapaian arsitektur terbesar di dunia, Taj Mahal yang merupakan makam yang dibangun untuk mengenang istri kesayangannya, yang meninggal saat melahirkan. Shah Jahān juga membangun beberapa bangunan arsitektur penting lainnya di Agra serta di Delhi. |
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Kesultanan Mughal mempromosikan pengembangan budaya komposit baru. |
Kesultanan Mughal mempromosikan pengembangan budaya komposit baru. Eksponen terbesarnya yaiti mempekerjakan orang-orang istananya yang unggul dalam [[arsitektur]], [[sastra]], [[lukisan]], dan [[musik]], terlepas dari kasta atau keyakinan mereka. Beberapa sekte baru yang mencari titik temu antara Hinduisme dan Islam, serta antara berbagai kasta di India, berkembang selama periode itu. [[Ramanandi Sampradaya|Ramananda]] yaitu seorang Brahmana, mendirikan sekte bhakti (kebaktian) yang mengklaim bahwa keselamatan tidak bergantung pada jenis kelamin atau kasta seseorang, dan Kabīr (1440–1518) mengkhotbahkan kesatuan esensial semua agama. Kejatuhan Mughal pada abad ke-18 menyebabkan pergeseran pusat budaya gabungan itu dari [[Delhi]] ke [[Lucknow]], tempat kedudukan penguasa Oudh ([[Ayodhya]]) yang merupakan tempat [[seni]], [[sastra]], [[musik]], dan [[puisi]] berkembang dalam suasana kerukunan umat<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh - History {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh/History|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>. |
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== Demografi == |
== Demografi == |
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=== |
=== Penganut Islam menurut distrik === |
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Berikut merupakan jumlah penganut Islam di [[Uttar Pradesh]] berdasarkan distrik menurut sensus resmi India (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amir|first=Tariq|date=2016-11-13|title=Pakistan Geotagging: Muslim Population Of India: According To The Census of 2011|url=http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.com/2016/11/muslim-population-of-india-according-to.html|website=Pakistan Geotagging|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
|+Jumlah penganut Islam di Uttar Pradesh per tahun 2011 |
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|+ |
|||
!Nama distrik |
|||
!Distrik |
|||
!Muslim |
|||
!% |
!% |
||
!Muslim |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Saharanpur |
|||
|Agra |
|||
|1.454.052 |
|||
|9.31% |
|||
| |
|41.95% |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Bijnor |
|||
|Aligarh |
|||
|1.585.210 |
|||
|19.85% |
|||
| |
|43.04% |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Muzaffarnagar |
|||
|Allahabad |
|||
|1.711.453 |
|||
|13.37% |
|||
| |
|41.30% |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Baghpat |
|||
|Ambedkar Nagar |
|||
| |
|364.583 |
||
| |
|27.98% |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Meerut |
|||
|Amethi |
|||
|1.185.643 |
|||
|20.06% |
|||
| |
|34.43% |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Ghaziabad |
|||
|Amroha |
|||
|1.186.776 |
|||
|40.78% |
|||
|25.35% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Jyotiba Phule Nagar |
|||
|750.368 |
|750.368 |
||
|40.78% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Moradabad |
|||
|Auraiya |
|||
|2.248.392 |
|||
|7.39% |
|||
| |
|47.12% |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|Rampur |
|||
| |
|||
|1.181.337 |
|||
| |
|||
|50.27% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gautam |
|Gautam Buddha Nagar |
||
|215.500 |
|||
|13.08% |
|13.08% |
||
|215.500 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Bulandshahr |
|Bulandshahr |
||
|22.22% |
|||
|777.407 |
|777.407 |
||
|22.22% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Aligarh |
|Aligarh |
||
|19.85% |
|||
|729.283 |
|729.283 |
||
|19.85% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Mathura |
|Mathura |
||
|216.953 |
|||
|8.52% |
|8.52% |
||
|216.933 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Budaun |
|Budaun |
||
|21.47% |
|||
|790.515 |
|790.515 |
||
|21.47% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Bareilly |
|Bareilly |
||
|34.54% |
|||
|1.536.534 |
|1.536.534 |
||
|34.54% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Pilibhit |
|Pilibhit |
||
|489.656 |
|||
|24.11% |
|24.11% |
||
|489.686 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Agra |
|Agra |
||
|9.31% |
|||
|411.313 |
|411.313 |
||
|9.31% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Hathras |
|Hathras |
||
|159.448 |
|||
| |
|||
|10.19% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Firozabad |
|||
|Firozabah |
|||
|314.812 |
|||
| |
|||
|12.60% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Etah |
|Etah |
||
|146.346 |
|||
| |
|||
|8.52% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Kanshiram Nagar |
|Kanshiram Nagar |
||
|213.822 |
|||
| |
|||
|14.88% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Etawah |
|Etawah |
||
|113.961 |
|||
| |
|||
|7.20% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Mainpuri |
|Mainpuri |
||
|100.723 |
|||
| |
|||
|5.39% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Farrukhabad |
|Farrukhabad |
||
|276.846 |
|||
| |
|||
|14.69% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Shahjahanpur |
|Shahjahanpur |
||
|527.581 |
|||
| |
|||
|17.55% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Lakhimpur Kheri |
|Lakhimpur Kheri |
||
|807.600 |
|||
| |
|||
|20.08% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Sitapur |
|Sitapur |
||
|893.725 |
|||
| |
|||
|19.93% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Hardoi |
|Hardoi |
||
|556.219 |
|||
| |
|||
|13.59 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Kannauj |
|Kannauj |
||
|273.967 |
|||
| |
|||
|16.54% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Auraiya |
|Auraiya |
||
|101.963 |
|||
| |
|||
|7.39% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Jalaun |
|Jalaun |
||
|171.581 |
|||
| |
|||
|10.15% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Jhansi |
|Jhansi |
||
|147.842 |
|||
| |
|||
|7.40% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Lalitpur |
|Lalitpur |
||
|33.724 |
|||
| |
|||
|2.76% |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|Mahoba |
|||
|57.454 |
|||
|6.56% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Hamirpur |
|||
|91.269 |
|||
|8.26% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Kanpur Dehat |
|||
|176.327 |
|||
|9.82% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Kanpur Nagar |
|||
|720.660 |
|||
|15.73% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Unnao |
|||
|363.453 |
|||
|11.69% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Lucknow |
|||
|985.070 |
|||
|21.46% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Barabanki |
|||
|737.106 |
|||
|22.61% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Bahraich |
|||
|1.169.330 |
|||
|33.53% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Shrawasti |
|||
|343.981 |
|||
|30.79% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Balrampur |
|||
|805.975 |
|||
|37.51% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Gonda |
|||
|678.615 |
|||
|19.76% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Faizabad |
|||
|365.806 |
|||
|14.80% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sultanpur |
|||
|650.261 |
|||
|17.13% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Rae Bareli |
|||
|413.243 |
|||
|12.13% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Fatehpur |
|||
|350.700 |
|||
|13.32% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Banda |
|||
|157.612 |
|||
|8.76% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Chitrakoot |
|||
|34.559 |
|||
|3.48% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Kaushambi |
|||
|220.423 |
|||
|13.78% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Pratapgarh |
|||
|452.934 |
|||
|14.10% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ambedkar Nagar |
|||
|401.678 |
|||
|16.75% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Basti |
|||
|364.510 |
|||
|14.79% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Siddharthnagar |
|||
|748.073 |
|||
|29.23% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Mahrajganj |
|||
|458.650 |
|||
|17.08% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sant Kabir Nagar |
|||
|404.410 |
|||
|23.58% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Gorakhpur |
|||
|403.847 |
|||
|9.09% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Azamgarh |
|||
|718.692 |
|||
|15.58% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Jaunpur |
|||
|483.750 |
|||
|10.76% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sant Ravides Nagar |
|||
|203.887 |
|||
|12.92% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Allahabad |
|||
|796.756 |
|||
|13.38% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Mirzapur |
|||
|195.765 |
|||
|7.84% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sonbhadra |
|||
|103.567 |
|||
|5.56% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Chandauli |
|||
|251.081 |
|||
|11.01% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Varanasi |
|||
|546.987 |
|||
|14.88% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ghazipur |
|||
|368.153 |
|||
|10.17% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ballia |
|||
|213.440 |
|||
|6.59% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Mau |
|||
|428.555 |
|||
|19.43% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Deoria |
|||
|358.539 |
|||
|11.56% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Kushinagar |
|||
|620.244 |
|||
|17.40% |
|||
|- |
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|'''Uttar Pradesh''' |
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|'''38.483.967''' |
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|'''19.26%''' |
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|} |
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=== Penganut Islam menurut wilayah perkotaan === |
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Tabel ini menyajikan populasi Muslim menurut kota besar di Uttar Pradesh menurut [[Sensus Penduduk India 2011|sensus 2011]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=pwasim786|date=2021-02-28|title=Muslim Population in Major Cities of Uttar Pradesh|url=https://muslim-census.com/2021/02/muslim-population-in-major-cities-of-uttar-pradesh/|website=Muslim Census|language=en-us|access-date=2023-04-14}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|+Jumlah penganut Islam di wilayah perkotaan per tahun 2011 |
|||
!Nama kota |
|||
!Muslim |
|||
!% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Lucknow]] |
|||
|742.529 |
|||
|26.36% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kanpur]] |
|||
|549.421 |
|||
|19.85% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ghaziabad]] |
|||
|233.837 |
|||
|14.18% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Agra]] |
|||
|243.784 |
|||
|15.37% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Meerut]] |
|||
|470.595 |
|||
|36.05% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Benares|Varanasi]] |
|||
|345.461 |
|||
|28.82% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Prayagraj]] |
|||
|256.402 |
|||
|21.94% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Bareilly |
|||
|351.025 |
|||
|38.80% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Moradabad |
|||
|415.448 |
|||
|46.79% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Aligarh |
|||
|372.881 |
|||
|42.64% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Saharanpur |
|||
|323.748 |
|||
|45.89% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Gorakhpur |
|||
|138.785 |
|||
|20.61% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Noida]] |
|||
|54.477 |
|||
|8.55% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Firozabad |
|||
|204.211 |
|||
|33.80% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Loni |
|||
|190.348 |
|||
|36.88% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Jhansi]] |
|||
|84.510 |
|||
|16.51% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Muzaffarnagar]] |
|||
|162.554 |
|||
|41.39% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Mathura]] |
|||
|60.259 |
|||
|17.22% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Shahjahanpur |
|||
|145.488 |
|||
|44.12% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Rampur |
|||
|227.793 |
|||
|70.02% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Maunath Bhanjan |
|||
|158.205 |
|||
|56.76% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Farrukhabad - Fatehgarh |
|||
|68.245 |
|||
|24.67% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Hapur |
|||
|84.477 |
|||
|32.12% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Etawah]] |
|||
|60.633 |
|||
|23.61% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Mirzapur - Vindyachal |
|||
|50.503 |
|||
|21.50% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Bulandshahr |
|||
|81.739 |
|||
|35.53% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sambhal |
|||
|171.514 |
|||
|77.67% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Amroha |
|||
|146.477 |
|||
|73.80% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Hardoi |
|||
|31.635 |
|||
|16.06% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Fatehpur |
|||
|59.300 |
|||
|30.69% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Rae Bareli |
|||
|47.196 |
|||
|24.67% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Orai |
|||
|32.505 |
|||
|17.06% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Khora |
|||
|28.324 |
|||
|14.91% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Bahraich |
|||
|104.413 |
|||
|56.07% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Jaunpur]] |
|||
|60.017 |
|||
|33.28% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Unnao |
|||
|45.754 |
|||
|25.75% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sitapur |
|||
|49.024 |
|||
|27.66% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Faizabad |
|||
|46.789 |
|||
|28.32% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Banda |
|||
|34.113 |
|||
|21.26% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Budaun |
|||
|69.983 |
|||
|43.94% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Lakhimpur |
|||
|33.886 |
|||
|22.29% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Hathras |
|||
|19.365 |
|||
|13.54% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Mainpuri |
|||
|14.255 |
|||
|10.44% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Lalitpur |
|||
|18.296 |
|||
|13.72% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Modinagar |
|||
|6.650 |
|||
|5.10% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Deoria |
|||
|15.098 |
|||
|11.66% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Pilibhit |
|||
|46.873 |
|||
|36.62% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Khurja |
|||
|48.449 |
|||
|39.97% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ghazipur |
|||
|32.393 |
|||
|26.77% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Etah |
|||
|21.243 |
|||
|17.92% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Basti |
|||
|28.094 |
|||
|24.50% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Chandausi |
|||
|29.406 |
|||
|25.71% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Gonda |
|||
|43.119 |
|||
|37.81% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Akbarpur |
|||
|26.741 |
|||
|23.99% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Azamgarh |
|||
|32.252 |
|||
|29.06% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Mughalsarai |
|||
|18.704 |
|||
|17.06% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Kanpur (Kanpur Dehat) |
|||
|39.213 |
|||
|36.13% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sultanpur |
|||
|31.848 |
|||
|29.59% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Shikohabad |
|||
|19.737 |
|||
|18.38% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Shamli |
|||
|30.263 |
|||
|28.21% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Ballia |
|||
|10.851 |
|||
|10.39% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Baraut |
|||
|32.658 |
|||
|31.47% |
|||
|- |
|||
|Noida Raya |
|||
|7.550 |
|||
|7.40% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Kasganj |
|||
| |
|||
|23.228 |
|||
| |
|||
|22.94% |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
Revisi terkini sejak 17 Oktober 2023 07.32
Islam di Uttar Pradesh adalah agama terbesar kedua di negara bagian tersebut. Menurut sensus 2011, Muslim 3.85 Crore atau 19.26% mengidentifikasikan diri sebagai Muslim[1], naik dari 18.97% pada tahun 2001.
Total populasi | |
---|---|
38.483.967 (2011)[2] 19.3% dari total populasi | |
Wilayah dengan populasi signifikan | |
Distrik Hampur (50.6%), Moradabad (47.1%), Bijnor (43%), Saharanpur (42%) dan Muzaffarnagar (41.3%) | |
Agama | |
Mayoritas Sunni dengan minoritas Syiah | |
Bahasa | |
Mayoritas Awadhi dengan minoritas Urdu |
Dengan populasi Muslim sebesar 38.483.967 orang, Uttar Pradesh adalah negara bagian dengan populasi Muslim terbesar[1], disusul Bemggala Barat dan Bihar.
Sejarah
[sunting | sunting sumber]Meskipun serbuan Muslim ke daerah itu terjadi pada awal 1000 hingga 1300, pemerintahan Muslim atas India utara tidak didirikan sampai dekade terakhir abad ke-12, ketika Muḥammad Ghūr mengalahkan Gahadavalas yang saat itu menduduki sebagian besar Uttar Pradesh dan dinasti pesaing lainnya. Selama hampir 600 tahun, Uttar Pradesh dan sebagian besar India, diperintah oleh satu dinasti Muslim atau lainnya, masing-masing berpusat di atau dekat Delhi. Selama paruh pertama waktu itu, para penguasa adalah anggota kesultanan Delhi.
Pada tahun 1526, Bābur, keturunan Jenghis Khan dan Timur (Tamerlane)—mengalahkan Sultan Ibrāhīm Lod dari Delhi dan meletakkan dasar dari dinasti Muslim yang paling sukses yaitu Kesultanan Mughal yang kerajaannya, berpusat di Uttar Pradesh dan mendominasi anak benua selama lebih dari 200 tahun. Wilayah kekaisaran terbesar berada di bawah Akbar (memerintah 1556 hingga1605), yang membangun ibu kota baru yang megah, yaitu Fatehpur Sikri.
Cucunya yaitu Shah Jahān (memerintah 1628 hingga 1658), membangun Agra, salah satu pencapaian arsitektur terbesar di dunia, Taj Mahal yang merupakan makam yang dibangun untuk mengenang istri kesayangannya, yang meninggal saat melahirkan. Shah Jahān juga membangun beberapa bangunan arsitektur penting lainnya di Agra serta di Delhi.
Kesultanan Mughal mempromosikan pengembangan budaya komposit baru. Eksponen terbesarnya yaiti mempekerjakan orang-orang istananya yang unggul dalam arsitektur, sastra, lukisan, dan musik, terlepas dari kasta atau keyakinan mereka. Beberapa sekte baru yang mencari titik temu antara Hinduisme dan Islam, serta antara berbagai kasta di India, berkembang selama periode itu. Ramananda yaitu seorang Brahmana, mendirikan sekte bhakti (kebaktian) yang mengklaim bahwa keselamatan tidak bergantung pada jenis kelamin atau kasta seseorang, dan Kabīr (1440–1518) mengkhotbahkan kesatuan esensial semua agama. Kejatuhan Mughal pada abad ke-18 menyebabkan pergeseran pusat budaya gabungan itu dari Delhi ke Lucknow, tempat kedudukan penguasa Oudh (Ayodhya) yang merupakan tempat seni, sastra, musik, dan puisi berkembang dalam suasana kerukunan umat[3].
Demografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Penganut Islam menurut distrik
[sunting | sunting sumber]Berikut merupakan jumlah penganut Islam di Uttar Pradesh berdasarkan distrik menurut sensus resmi India (2011)[4]
Nama distrik | Muslim | % |
---|---|---|
Saharanpur | 1.454.052 | 41.95% |
Bijnor | 1.585.210 | 43.04% |
Muzaffarnagar | 1.711.453 | 41.30% |
Baghpat | 364.583 | 27.98% |
Meerut | 1.185.643 | 34.43% |
Ghaziabad | 1.186.776 | 25.35% |
Jyotiba Phule Nagar | 750.368 | 40.78% |
Moradabad | 2.248.392 | 47.12% |
Rampur | 1.181.337 | 50.27% |
Gautam Buddha Nagar | 215.500 | 13.08% |
Bulandshahr | 777.407 | 22.22% |
Aligarh | 729.283 | 19.85% |
Mathura | 216.953 | 8.52% |
Budaun | 790.515 | 21.47% |
Bareilly | 1.536.534 | 34.54% |
Pilibhit | 489.656 | 24.11% |
Agra | 411.313 | 9.31% |
Hathras | 159.448 | 10.19% |
Firozabad | 314.812 | 12.60% |
Etah | 146.346 | 8.52% |
Kanshiram Nagar | 213.822 | 14.88% |
Etawah | 113.961 | 7.20% |
Mainpuri | 100.723 | 5.39% |
Farrukhabad | 276.846 | 14.69% |
Shahjahanpur | 527.581 | 17.55% |
Lakhimpur Kheri | 807.600 | 20.08% |
Sitapur | 893.725 | 19.93% |
Hardoi | 556.219 | 13.59 |
Kannauj | 273.967 | 16.54% |
Auraiya | 101.963 | 7.39% |
Jalaun | 171.581 | 10.15% |
Jhansi | 147.842 | 7.40% |
Lalitpur | 33.724 | 2.76% |
Mahoba | 57.454 | 6.56% |
Hamirpur | 91.269 | 8.26% |
Kanpur Dehat | 176.327 | 9.82% |
Kanpur Nagar | 720.660 | 15.73% |
Unnao | 363.453 | 11.69% |
Lucknow | 985.070 | 21.46% |
Barabanki | 737.106 | 22.61% |
Bahraich | 1.169.330 | 33.53% |
Shrawasti | 343.981 | 30.79% |
Balrampur | 805.975 | 37.51% |
Gonda | 678.615 | 19.76% |
Faizabad | 365.806 | 14.80% |
Sultanpur | 650.261 | 17.13% |
Rae Bareli | 413.243 | 12.13% |
Fatehpur | 350.700 | 13.32% |
Banda | 157.612 | 8.76% |
Chitrakoot | 34.559 | 3.48% |
Kaushambi | 220.423 | 13.78% |
Pratapgarh | 452.934 | 14.10% |
Ambedkar Nagar | 401.678 | 16.75% |
Basti | 364.510 | 14.79% |
Siddharthnagar | 748.073 | 29.23% |
Mahrajganj | 458.650 | 17.08% |
Sant Kabir Nagar | 404.410 | 23.58% |
Gorakhpur | 403.847 | 9.09% |
Azamgarh | 718.692 | 15.58% |
Jaunpur | 483.750 | 10.76% |
Sant Ravides Nagar | 203.887 | 12.92% |
Allahabad | 796.756 | 13.38% |
Mirzapur | 195.765 | 7.84% |
Sonbhadra | 103.567 | 5.56% |
Chandauli | 251.081 | 11.01% |
Varanasi | 546.987 | 14.88% |
Ghazipur | 368.153 | 10.17% |
Ballia | 213.440 | 6.59% |
Mau | 428.555 | 19.43% |
Deoria | 358.539 | 11.56% |
Kushinagar | 620.244 | 17.40% |
Uttar Pradesh | 38.483.967 | 19.26% |
Penganut Islam menurut wilayah perkotaan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tabel ini menyajikan populasi Muslim menurut kota besar di Uttar Pradesh menurut sensus 2011.[5]
Nama kota | Muslim | % |
---|---|---|
Lucknow | 742.529 | 26.36% |
Kanpur | 549.421 | 19.85% |
Ghaziabad | 233.837 | 14.18% |
Agra | 243.784 | 15.37% |
Meerut | 470.595 | 36.05% |
Varanasi | 345.461 | 28.82% |
Prayagraj | 256.402 | 21.94% |
Bareilly | 351.025 | 38.80% |
Moradabad | 415.448 | 46.79% |
Aligarh | 372.881 | 42.64% |
Saharanpur | 323.748 | 45.89% |
Gorakhpur | 138.785 | 20.61% |
Noida | 54.477 | 8.55% |
Firozabad | 204.211 | 33.80% |
Loni | 190.348 | 36.88% |
Jhansi | 84.510 | 16.51% |
Muzaffarnagar | 162.554 | 41.39% |
Mathura | 60.259 | 17.22% |
Shahjahanpur | 145.488 | 44.12% |
Rampur | 227.793 | 70.02% |
Maunath Bhanjan | 158.205 | 56.76% |
Farrukhabad - Fatehgarh | 68.245 | 24.67% |
Hapur | 84.477 | 32.12% |
Etawah | 60.633 | 23.61% |
Mirzapur - Vindyachal | 50.503 | 21.50% |
Bulandshahr | 81.739 | 35.53% |
Sambhal | 171.514 | 77.67% |
Amroha | 146.477 | 73.80% |
Hardoi | 31.635 | 16.06% |
Fatehpur | 59.300 | 30.69% |
Rae Bareli | 47.196 | 24.67% |
Orai | 32.505 | 17.06% |
Khora | 28.324 | 14.91% |
Bahraich | 104.413 | 56.07% |
Jaunpur | 60.017 | 33.28% |
Unnao | 45.754 | 25.75% |
Sitapur | 49.024 | 27.66% |
Faizabad | 46.789 | 28.32% |
Banda | 34.113 | 21.26% |
Budaun | 69.983 | 43.94% |
Lakhimpur | 33.886 | 22.29% |
Hathras | 19.365 | 13.54% |
Mainpuri | 14.255 | 10.44% |
Lalitpur | 18.296 | 13.72% |
Modinagar | 6.650 | 5.10% |
Deoria | 15.098 | 11.66% |
Pilibhit | 46.873 | 36.62% |
Khurja | 48.449 | 39.97% |
Ghazipur | 32.393 | 26.77% |
Etah | 21.243 | 17.92% |
Basti | 28.094 | 24.50% |
Chandausi | 29.406 | 25.71% |
Gonda | 43.119 | 37.81% |
Akbarpur | 26.741 | 23.99% |
Azamgarh | 32.252 | 29.06% |
Mughalsarai | 18.704 | 17.06% |
Kanpur (Kanpur Dehat) | 39.213 | 36.13% |
Sultanpur | 31.848 | 29.59% |
Shikohabad | 19.737 | 18.38% |
Shamli | 30.263 | 28.21% |
Ballia | 10.851 | 10.39% |
Baraut | 32.658 | 31.47% |
Noida Raya | 7.550 | 7.40% |
Kasganj | 23.228 | 22.94% |
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b "Uttar Pradesh Religion Hindu/Muslim Data - Census 2011". www.census2011.co.in. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-05.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Uttar Pradesh - History | Britannica". www.britannica.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-01-05.
- ^ Amir, Tariq (2016-11-13). "Pakistan Geotagging: Muslim Population Of India: According To The Census of 2011". Pakistan Geotagging. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-05.
- ^ pwasim786 (2021-02-28). "Muslim Population in Major Cities of Uttar Pradesh". Muslim Census (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-04-14.