Frahat II: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k →top: clean up |
Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
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* {{Cite book|last=Assar|first=Gholamreza F.|year= 2006|title=A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC|journal=Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico|publisher=Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali|volume=8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood|isbn=978-8-881-47453-0|issn=1128-6342|ref=harv}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Assar|first=Gholamreza F.|year= 2006|title=A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC|journal=Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico|publisher=Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali|volume=8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood|isbn=978-8-881-47453-0|issn=1128-6342|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Elymais | last = Hansman | first = John F. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/elymais | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 4 | pages = 373-376 | location = | publisher = | year = 1998 | isbn = |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Elymais | last = Hansman | first = John F. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/elymais | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 4 | pages = 373-376 | location = | publisher = | year = 1998 | isbn = |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book | title = Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia | year = 2011 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Shayegan | first = M. Rahim | authorlink = | chapter = | pages = 1–539 | isbn = 9780521766418 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=f_gcyC8l80MC&dq=false |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book | title = Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia | year = 2011 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Shayegan | first = M. Rahim | authorlink = | chapter = | pages = 1–539 | isbn = 9780521766418 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=f_gcyC8l80MC&dq=false | ref = harv | access-date = 2019-05-29 | archive-date = 2023-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230725030635/https://books.google.dk/books?id=f_gcyC8l80MC&dq=false | dead-url = no }} |
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* {{cite book | title = The History of Ancient Iran | year = 1984 | publisher = C.H.Beck | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Frye | first = Richard Nelson | authorlink = Richard Nelson Frye | chapter = | pages = 1–411 | isbn = 9783406093975 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=0y1jeSqbHLwC&dq=false |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book | title = The History of Ancient Iran | year = 1984 | publisher = C.H.Beck | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Frye | first = Richard Nelson | authorlink = Richard Nelson Frye | chapter = | pages = 1–411 | isbn = 9783406093975 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=0y1jeSqbHLwC&dq=false | ref = harv | access-date = 2019-05-29 | archive-date = 2023-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230725030710/https://books.google.dk/books?id=0y1jeSqbHLwC&dq=false | dead-url = no }} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty | last = Schippmann | first = K. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arsacids-ii | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5 | pages = 525-536 | location = | publisher = | year = 1986 | isbn = |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty | last = Schippmann | first = K. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arsacids-ii | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5 | pages = 525-536 | location = | publisher = | year = 1986 | isbn = |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Kia|first1=Mehrdad|title=The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1610693912|url=https://books.google.dk/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&dq=false|ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book|last1=Kia|first1=Mehrdad|title=The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1610693912|url=https://books.google.dk/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&dq=false|ref=harv|access-date=2019-05-29|archive-date=2023-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725030639/https://books.google.dk/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&dq=false|dead-url=no}} |
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* {{citation|last=Bickerman|first=Elias J.|chapter=The Seleucid Period|pages=3–20|title=Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3.1|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge UP|location=London|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|ref=harv}} |
* {{citation|last=Bickerman|first=Elias J.|chapter=The Seleucid Period|pages=3–20|title=Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3.1|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge UP|location=London|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|ref=harv}} |
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* {{citation|last=Bivar|first=A.D.H.|chapter=The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids|pages=21–99|title=Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3.1|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge UP|location=London|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|ref=harv}} |
* {{citation|last=Bivar|first=A.D.H.|chapter=The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids|pages=21–99|title=Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3.1|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge UP|location=London|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|ref=harv}} |
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* {{citation|editor-last=Curtis|editor-first=Vesta Sarkhosh|editor2-last=Stewart|editor2-first=Sarah|title=The Age of the Parthians|series=Ideas of Iran, vol. 2|year=2007|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=London|ref=harv}} |
* {{citation|editor-last=Curtis|editor-first=Vesta Sarkhosh|editor2-last=Stewart|editor2-first=Sarah|title=The Age of the Parthians|series=Ideas of Iran, vol. 2|year=2007|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=London|ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book | title = The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History | year = 2012 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Daryaee | first = Touraj | authorlink = Touraj Daryaee | chapter = | pages = 1–432 | isbn = 0-19-987575-8 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ&pg |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite book | title = The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History | year = 2012 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Daryaee | first = Touraj | authorlink = Touraj Daryaee | chapter = | pages = 1–432 | isbn = 0-19-987575-8 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ&pg | ref = harv | access-date = 2019-05-29 | archive-date = 2023-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230725030709/https://books.google.dk/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ&pg | dead-url = no }} |
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* {{cite book |last = Pourshariati |first = Parvaneh |title = Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran |location = London and New York |publisher = I.B. Tauris |year = 2008 |ISBN = 978-1-84511-645-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ |ref = harv}} |
* {{cite book |last = Pourshariati |first = Parvaneh |title = Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran |location = London and New York |publisher = I.B. Tauris |year = 2008 |ISBN = 978-1-84511-645-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ |ref = harv}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Nisa | last = Invernizzi | first = Antonio | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nisa | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = | isbn = |ref=harv}} |
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Nisa | last = Invernizzi | first = Antonio | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nisa | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = | isbn = |ref=harv}} |
Revisi terkini sejak 25 Juli 2023 03.07
Frahat II (bahasa Parthia: Frahāt, secara harfiah; yang memiliki kejayaan [agung]) merupakan seorang raja Kekaisaran Parthia dari tahun 132 SM hingga 127 SM. Ia sebagian besar dikenal karena upayanya merebut kembali Babilon. Ia adalah putra Mithridates I (171–132 SM). Karena ia masih sangat muda pada saat naik takhta, ibundanya Rinnu menjadi pemangku takhta atas namanya.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]Karya kuno
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus.
Karya modern
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2017). "Kārin". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Assar, Gholamreza F. (2006). A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC. Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico. 8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood. Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali. ISBN 978-8-881-47453-0. ISSN 1128-6342.
- Hansman, John F. (1998). "Elymais". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 4. hlm. 373–376.
- Shayegan, M. Rahim (2011). Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–539. ISBN 9780521766418. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-25. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-29.
- Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. hlm. 1–411. ISBN 9783406093975. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-25. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-29.
- Schippmann, K. (1986). "Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5. hlm. 525–536.
- Kia, Mehrdad (2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1610693912. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-25. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-29.
- Bickerman, Elias J. (1983), "The Seleucid Period", dalam Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, hlm. 3–20
- Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), "The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids", dalam Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, hlm. 21–99
- Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah, ed. (2007), The Age of the Parthians, Ideas of Iran, vol. 2, London: I. B. Tauris
- Daryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. hlm. 1–432. ISBN 0-19-987575-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-25. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-29.
- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
- Invernizzi, Antonio. "Nisa". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Garthwaite, Gene Ralph (2005), The Persians, Oxford & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 1-55786-860-3
- Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2007), "The Iranian Revival in the Parthian Period", dalam Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh and Sarah Stewart, The Age of the Parthians: The Ideas of Iran, 2, London & New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., in association with the London Middle East Institute at SOAS and the British Museum, hlm. 7–25, ISBN 978-1-84511-406-0.
- Brosius, Maria (2006), The Persians: An Introduction, London & New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-32089-5.
- Shayegan, Rahim M. (2007), "On Demetrius II Nicator's Arsacid Captivity and Second Rule", Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 17: 83–103
- Kennedy, David (1996), "Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives", dalam Kennedy, David L.; Braund, David, The Roman Army in the East, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, hlm. 67–90, ISBN 1-887829-18-0
- Katouzian, Homa (2009), The Persians: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Iran, New Haven & London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12118-6.
Frahat II Meninggal: 127 SM
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Didahului oleh: Mithridates I |
Raja Parthia 132–127 SM |
Diteruskan oleh: Artabanus I |