Politisi SS: Perbedaan antara revisi

Sejarah
Nama	Pedagang London (1923–1935); Politikus (1935–1941);
Pemilik	Furness, Withy and Co. (1923–1935); T & J Harrison (1935–1941);
Pembangun	Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness.
Pasang lunas	19 September 1920
Diluncurkan	15 November 1921
Selesai	Mei 1923
Nasib	Berlatar tahun 1941
Ciri-ciri umum
Jenis	Kapal kargo
Tonase	7,899 (GRT)
Panjang	450 ft 6 in (137,31 m)
Lebar	581 ft (177 m)
Tenaga	steam turbine
Kecepatan	14 knot (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Catatan

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Revisi terkini sejak 19 Desember 2023 12.33

Politisi SS (SS Politician) adalah sebuah kapal kargo yang kandas di lepas pantai pulau Hebridean Eriskay pada tahun 1941. Kargonya termasuk 22.000 kotak wiski malt dan uang kertas Jamaika senilai £3 juta. Sebagian besar wiski ditemukan oleh penduduk pulau dari seberang Hebrides, bertentangan dengan undang-undang penyelamatan laut. Karena tidak ada bea yang dibayarkan atas wiski tersebut, anggota Bea dan Cukai HM mengejar dan mengadili mereka yang telah memindahkan muatan tersebut.

Politisi selesai pada tahun 1923 dengan nama London Merchant . Dia adalah kapal kargo umum yang diperdagangkan antara Inggris, Amerika Serikat, dan Kanada, dan naik turun pantai barat AS. Pada tahun 1924 — selama tahun-tahun pelarangan di Amerika — komisaris larangan negara bagian Oregon menyita muatan wiski meskipun telah disetujui dan disegel oleh otoritas federal AS. Setelah Kedutaan Besar Inggris di Washington mengeluh kepada pemerintah AS, wiski dilepaskan kembali ke kapal. Selama Perang Dunia Kedua Politisi berpartisipasi dalam konvoi Atlantik antara Inggris dan AS. Pada bulan Februari 1941 dia sedang dalam perjalanan ke utara Skotlandia, di mana dia kandas saat mencoba untuk bertemu dengan konvoi. Tidak ada yang terluka parah atau tewas dalam kecelakaan itu.

Penduduk pulau setempat terus-menerus mengunjungi bangkai kapal Politician untuk menurunkan wiski, meskipun berada di dalam palka yang berisi oli mesin laut dan air laut. Petugas bea cukai melakukan penggerebekan, menangkap banyak orang dan menyita perahu orang-orang yang dicurigai ikut serta. Otoritas cukai mendorong dakwaan di bawah undang-undang bea cukai yang menghukum, tetapi pihak berwenang mendakwa mereka yang ditangkap dengan tuduhan pencurian. Banyak yang dinyatakan tidak bersalah atau tidak terbukti, dan beberapa didenda; 19 orang dipenjara di Penjara Inverness untuk jangka waktu berkisar antara 20 hari dan dua bulan. Penyelamat digunakan untuk menyelamatkan sebanyak mungkin kapal, dan wiski yang mereka hasilkan dikirim kembali ke gudang berikatnya; ini juga dijarah selama perjalanannya. Dua kru penyelamat memindahkan sebagian besar kargo, dan kru kedua mengangkat bangkai kapal dari dasar laut. Sebagian palka kapal, dan buritannya, dipotong dan ditenggelamkan ke dasar Eriskay Sound; sisa palka dihancurkan dengan gelignite untuk mencegah penjarahan lebih lanjut.

Beberapa uang kertas Jamaika dari Politisi disajikan di bank-bank di Inggris, Jamaika, dan negara lain. Akibatnya, pada tahun 1952 uang kertas sepuluh shilling biru ditarik dan diganti dengan uang kertas dengan desain yang sama, dicetak dengan warna ungu. Botol wiski telah diangkat dari dasar laut oleh penyelam, dan beberapa telah ditemukan di tempat persembunyian di Eriskay; ini telah dilelang. Kisah penghancuran dan penjarahan menjadi dasar buku Whiskey Galore; adaptasi dirilis sebagai film pada tahun 1949 dan remake pada tahun 2016.

1920–1939

Lokasi Erikay

Posisi Eriskay]] di Hebrides Luar

Eriskay, Uist Selatan dan Barra

Kapal kargo Politisi SS dibangun oleh Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness antara 19 September 1920—ketika dia dibaringkan— dan 1923 di galangan kapal Haverton Hill, County Durham, Inggris. Dia diluncurkan pada November 1921 sebagai SS London Merchant, dan selesai pada Mei 1923. Pedagang London adalah salah satu dari enam kapal saudara yang dibangun di halaman; yang lainnya adalah London Commerce, London Importer, London Mariner, London Shipper dan Manchester Regiment.^[2]^[a] Tonase terdaftar kotor London Merchant, dia 450 ft (140 m) panjang^[b] dan 581 ft (177 m) di balok ; kedalaman pegangannya adalah 19 ft (5,8 m) dan dia bisa mencapai 14 knot (26 km/h; 16 mph).^[1]^[2] Saat sedang dipasang, dia ditabrak oleh kapal lain dan rusak.^[9]

Setelah London Merchant diperbaiki, dia mulai berdagang melintasi Atlantik;^[7] pemiliknya, perusahaan Furness Withy, mengiklankan layanan kargonya di The Manchester Guardian, pengiriman dari Manchester ke Los Angeles, Seattle, dan Vancouver.^[10]^[11] Pada bulan Desember 1924—selama Larangan di Amerika Serikat —dia berlabuh di Portland, Oregon, dengan wiski sebagai bagian dari muatannya; ini telah disetujui dan disegel oleh otoritas federal AS. George Cleaver, komisaris larangan negara bagian Oregon, mengabaikan persetujuan tersebut, membuka segel kargo dan menyita wiski. Nakhoda kapal menolak untuk pergi tanpa wiski dan Kedutaan Besar Inggris di Washington mengeluh kepada otoritas Federal, yang campur tangan dan memerintahkan wiski dilepaskan kembali ke kapal. Cleaver diperintahkan untuk menulis permintaan maaf kepada kapten dan perusahaan Furness Withy.^[12]^[13]^[14] Pada Malam Natal 1927 dia terlibat dalam tabrakan lain dan diperbaiki. Dia berdagang di pesisir timur AS hingga tahun 1930 ketika, dengan permulaan Depresi Besar, perdagangan dunia turun, dan dia diikat di Sungai Blackwater, Essex, bersama dengan 60 kapal lainnya.^[15]

Pranala luar

Tampilan online di Merseyside Maritime Museum
Daftarkan entri di Lloyd's Register of Shipping

Catatan dan referensi

Catatan

^
London Merchant's sister ships had mixed fortunes:
- London Commerce: Renamed Collegian in 1935 and was broken up in 1948.^[3]
- London Importer: Renamed Reliant and served the Second World War as a supply ship. She was later renamed Firdausa by her Pakistani owners before being scrapped in 1963 in Karachi.^[4]
- London Mariner: renamed Craftsman, she was destroyed by the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran in April 1941.^[5]
- London Shipper: sank in May 1941 after being hit by a German aerial torpedo while travelling between New Orleans and Liverpool.^[6]
- Manchester Regiment: collided with the SS Oropesa in December 1939 and sank, with the loss of nine lives.^[7]
^ The length given is the length between perpendiculars measurement.^[8]^[1]

Referensi

Sumber

Books

Bathurst, Bella (2005). The Wreckers: A Story of Killing Seas and Plundered Shipwrecks. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-6184-1677-6.
Duguid, Mark; Freeman, Lee; Johnston, Keith M.; Williams, Melanie (2012). Ealing Revisited. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-84457-510-7.
Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2008). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84767-277-3.
Hutchinson, Roger (2007). Polly: The True Story Behind Whisky Galore. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 978-1-8401-8071-8.
McArthur, Colin (2003). Whisky Galore! and the Maggie: A British Film Guide. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-633-1.
Sunderland, David (2013). Managing the British Empire: The Crown Agents, 1833–1914. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-841-8.
Swinson, Arthur (2005) [1963]. Scotch on the Rocks: the True Story Behind Whisky Galore. Edinburgh: Luath Press. ISBN 978-1-9052-2209-4.

Newspapers

"Bottle from Whisky Galore! wreck fetches £2,200". The Times. 4 December 2008. hlm. 28.
"Dry agent must eat humble pie". The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review. 20 December 1924. hlm. 1.
English, Shirley (28 March 2005). "Sour finish to story of Whisky Galore". The Times. hlm. 12.
Gill, Kerry (11 August 1987). "Cash store on whisky ship wreck". The Times. hlm. 3.
Gill, Kerry (16 December 1989). "Blow for Whisky Galore salvage". The Times. hlm. 2.
Goodwin, Karin; Day, Peter (27 March 2005). "Whisky Galore locals used violence to guard their loot". The Sunday Times.
"I'll drink to that ... Whisky Galore bottle earns diver £9,200 at sale". The Herald. 16 September 2020. hlm. 7.
Macnab, Geoffrey (5 July 2016). "A Toast to whimsy and nostalgia". The Independent. hlm. 41.
"Manchester shipping". The Manchester Guardian. 26 January 1924. hlm. 1.
"Manchester shipping". The Manchester Guardian. 30 March 1928. hlm. 1.
"Money galore for booty". The Times. 25 November 1993. hlm. 6.
"Must eat humble pie". The Gazette. Montreal. 22 December 1924. hlm. 10.
O'Brien, E. D. (13 July 1963). "A literary lounger". Illustrated London News. hlm. 70.
Partridge, Frank (3 March 2007). "Complete guide to the Western Isles". The Independent. hlm. 18.
Rule, Vera (8 January 1991). "Television and radio: watching brief". The Guardian. hlm. 36.
"A tot of whisky galore under the floor". The Times. 20 January 1990. hlm. 1.
Turpin, Adrian; Day, Peter (27 March 2005). "Ecosse: looting galore". The Sunday Times.
Tweedie, Neil (26 January 2001). "Banknotes galore after whisky ship hit the rocks". The Daily Telegraph.
"Whisky from wreck fetches pounds galore". The Times. 7 May 2013. hlm. 8.

Internet

"Abbreviations". Miramar Ship Index. Diakses tanggal 16 September 2019.
"After the Stranding". Merseyside Maritime Museum. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2019.
Clark, Gregory (2018). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2018.
"Customs and Excise take a different view". Merseyside Maritime Museum. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2019.
"Feliciana (1146553)". Miramar Ship Index. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2019.
"The Last Voyage". Merseyside Maritime Museum. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2019.
"The legend of the 'Polly'". Merseyside Maritime Museum. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2019.
"London Commerce (1146693)". Miramar Ship Index. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2019.
"London Importer (5115434)". Miramar Ship Index. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2019.
"London Shipper (1147474)". Miramar Ship Index. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2019.
"Manchester Regiment (1146830)". Miramar Ship Index. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2019.
"Merchant Shipping Act 1894". The National Archives. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2019.
"Politician (1147482)". Miramar Ship Index. Diakses tanggal 1 August 2019.
"Politician (Stern Portion): Calvay Rock, Eriskay Sound, Sea of the Hebrides". Canmore. Diakses tanggal 6 August 2019.
Sneddon, David (31 March 2006). Coastal Zone Assessment Survey of East Coast of North Uist, Benbecula and South Uist (PDF) (Laporan). Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division. Diakses tanggal 6 August 2019.
Smith, Gavin. "Whisky Galore". Whisky Magazine. Diakses tanggal 18 August 2019.
"The SS Politician Profile". scotchwhisky.com. Diakses tanggal 19 August 2019.

Journals

Crawford, Douglas A. (December 1971). "The Politician Notes of Jamaica". International Bank Note Society Journal. 11 (2).
Wallace, Gavin (6 January 2011). "Mackenzie, Sir (Edward Montague Anthony) Compton: (1883–1972)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (edisi ke-online). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31392. berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan

Other

Cooper, Derek (8 January 1991). Distilling Whisky Galore! (Television production). Channel 4.
Important British and World Paper Money. London: Dix Noonan Webb. 2010.
Macmillan, Malcolm, MP (20 December 1960). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 632. United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 138W.
"Merchant Shipping Act". Undang-Undang Tahun 1894 (PDF). Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

[8] London Merchant's sister ships had mixed fortunes:
London Commerce: Renamed Collegian in 1935 and was broken up in 1948.^[3]

London Importer: Renamed Reliant and served the Second World War as a supply ship. She was later renamed Firdausa by her Pakistani owners before being scrapped in 1963 in Karachi.^[4]

London Mariner: renamed Craftsman, she was destroyed by the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran in April 1941.^[5]

London Shipper: sank in May 1941 after being hit by a German aerial torpedo while travelling between New Orleans and Liverpool.^[6]

Manchester Regiment: collided with the SS Oropesa in December 1939 and sank, with the loss of nine lives.^[7]

[2] London Commerce: Renamed Collegian in 1935 and was broken up in 1948.^[3]

[3] London Importer: Renamed Reliant and served the Second World War as a supply ship. She was later renamed Firdausa by her Pakistani owners before being scrapped in 1963 in Karachi.^[4]

[4] London Mariner: renamed Craftsman, she was destroyed by the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran in April 1941.^[5]

[5] London Shipper: sank in May 1941 after being hit by a German aerial torpedo while travelling between New Orleans and Liverpool.^[6]

[6] Manchester Regiment: collided with the SS Oropesa in December 1939 and sank, with the loss of nine lives.^[7]

[10] The length given is the length between perpendiculars measurement.^[8]^[1]

[FOOTNOTE''Politician'',_ship_1147482-1] Politician, ship 1147482.

[FOOTNOTEHutchinson200736-2] Hutchinson 2007, hlm. 36.

[FOOTNOTE''London_Commerce'',_ship_1146693-3] London Commerce, ship 1146693.

[FOOTNOTE''London_Importer'',_ship_5115434-4] London Importer, ship 5115434.

[FOOTNOTE''Feliciana'',_ship_1146553-5] Feliciana, ship 1146553.

[FOOTNOTE''London_Shipper'',_ship_1147474-6] London Shipper, ship 1147474.

[FOOTNOTEHutchinson200736–37-7] Hutchinson 2007, hlm. 36–37.

[FOOTNOTE"Abbreviations"._''Miramar_Ship_Index''-9] "Abbreviations". Miramar Ship Index.

[FOOTNOTE''Manchester_Regiment'',_ship_1146830-11] Manchester Regiment, ship 1146830.

[FOOTNOTE"Manchester_shipping"._''The_Manchester_Guardian'';_January_1924-12] "Manchester shipping". The Manchester Guardian; January 1924.

[FOOTNOTE"Manchester_shipping"._''The_Manchester_Guardian'';_March_1928-13] "Manchester shipping". The Manchester Guardian; March 1928.

[FOOTNOTEHutchinson200737-14] Hutchinson 2007, hlm. 37.

[FOOTNOTE"Dry_agent_must_eat_humble_pie"._''The_Semi-Weekly_Spokesman-Review''-15] "Dry agent must eat humble pie". The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review.

[FOOTNOTE"Must_eat_humble_pie"._''The_Gazette''-16] "Must eat humble pie". The Gazette.

[FOOTNOTEHutchinson200737–38-17] Hutchinson 2007, hlm. 37–38.

[1]

[2]

[a]

[b]

[9]

[7]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[8]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{{Orphan|date=Februari 2023}}
 {|{{Infobox ship begin}}<!-- kapal niaga -->
 |+SS ''Politisi''
-{{Infobox ship image|Ship image=Politisi ss.jpg|Ship caption=SS ''Politisi''|image alt=Sisi kanan kapal hitam besar; dia memiliki satu corong dan ditarik oleh kapal tunda.}}
+{{Infobox ship image|Ship image=|Ship caption=SS ''Politisi''|image alt=Sisi kanan kapal hitam besar; dia memiliki satu corong dan ditarik oleh kapal tunda.}}
 {{Infobox ship career|Hide header=|Ship name=*''Pedagang London'' (1923–1935)
 * ''Politikus'' (1935–1941)|Ship owner=*[[Furness Withy|Furness, Withy and Co.]] (1923–1935)
 * [[T & J Harrison]] (1935–1941)|Ship operator=|Ship registry=|Ship route=|Ship ordered=|Ship builder=[[Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness]].|Ship original cost=|Ship yard number=|Ship way number=|Ship laid down=19 September 1920|Ship launched=15 November 1921|Ship completed=Mei 1923|Ship christened=|Ship acquired=|Ship maiden voyage=|Ship in service=|Ship out of service=|Ship identification=|Ship fate=Berlatar tahun 1941|Ship notes=}}
 {{Infobox ship characteristics|Hide header=|Header caption=|Ship class=|Ship type=[[Kapal kargo]]|Ship tonnage=7,899 ([[''Gross register tonnage|GRT'']])|Ship displacement=|Ship length={{convert|450|ft|6|in|abbr=on}}|Ship beam={{convert|17.7|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}}|Ship height=|Ship draught=|Ship draft=|Ship depth=|Ship decks=|Ship deck clearance=|Ship ramps=|Ship ice class=|Ship sail plan=|Ship power=[[steam turbine]]|Ship propulsion=|Ship speed={{convert|14|kn}}|Ship capacity=|Ship crew=|Ship notes={{sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}}}
+|}
-|}'''Politisi SS''' (SS ''Politician'') adalah sebuah [[Kapal barang|kapal kargo]] yang kandas di lepas pantai pulau [[Hebrides|Hebridean]] [[Eriskay]] pada tahun 1941. Kargonya termasuk 22.000 kotak wiski malt dan uang kertas Jamaika senilai £3 juta. Sebagian besar wiski ditemukan oleh penduduk pulau dari seberang Hebrides, bertentangan dengan undang-undang penyelamatan laut. Karena tidak ada bea yang dibayarkan atas wiski tersebut, anggota Bea dan Cukai HM mengejar dan mengadili mereka yang telah memindahkan muatan tersebut.
+'''Politisi SS''' (SS ''Politician'') adalah sebuah [[Kapal barang|kapal kargo]] yang kandas di lepas pantai pulau [[Hebrides|Hebridean]] [[Eriskay]] pada tahun 1941. Kargonya termasuk 22.000 kotak wiski malt dan uang kertas Jamaika senilai £3 juta. Sebagian besar wiski ditemukan oleh penduduk pulau dari seberang Hebrides, bertentangan dengan undang-undang penyelamatan laut. Karena tidak ada bea yang dibayarkan atas wiski tersebut, anggota Bea dan Cukai HM mengejar dan mengadili mereka yang telah memindahkan muatan tersebut.
 ''Politisi'' selesai pada tahun 1923 dengan nama ''London Merchant'' . Dia adalah kapal kargo umum yang diperdagangkan antara Inggris, Amerika Serikat, dan Kanada, dan naik turun pantai barat AS. Pada tahun 1924 — selama tahun-tahun [[Pelarangan di Amerika Serikat|pelarangan di Amerika]] — komisaris larangan negara bagian Oregon menyita muatan wiski meskipun telah disetujui dan disegel oleh otoritas federal AS. Setelah Kedutaan Besar Inggris di Washington mengeluh kepada pemerintah AS, wiski dilepaskan kembali ke kapal. Selama [[Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia Kedua]] ''Politisi'' berpartisipasi dalam konvoi Atlantik antara Inggris dan AS. Pada bulan Februari 1941 dia sedang dalam perjalanan ke utara Skotlandia, di mana dia kandas saat mencoba untuk bertemu dengan konvoi. Tidak ada yang terluka parah atau tewas dalam kecelakaan itu.
@@ Baris 29: / Baris 31: @@
 | caption2          = Eriskay, Uist Selatan dan Barra
 }}
-Kapal kargo ''Politisi'' SS dibangun oleh [[Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness|Furness Shipbuilding Company]] antara 19 September 1920—ketika dia [[Peletakan lunas|dibaringkan—]] dan 1923 di galangan kapal [[Bukit Haverton|Haverton Hill]], [[County Durham]], Inggris. Dia [[Penamaan dan peluncuran kapal|diluncurkan]] pada November 1921 sebagai SS ''London Merchant'', dan selesai pada Mei 1923. ''Pedagang London'' adalah salah satu dari enam kapal saudara yang dibangun di halaman; yang lainnya adalah ''London Commerce'', ''London Importer'', ''London Mariner'', ''London Shipper'' dan ''Manchester Regiment''.{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=36}}{{Efn|''London Merchant''{{'s}} sister ships had mixed fortunes:
+Kapal kargo ''Politisi'' SS dibangun oleh Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness antara 19 September 1920—ketika dia [[Peletakan lunas|dibaringkan—]] dan 1923 di galangan kapal Haverton Hill, [[County Durham]], Inggris. Dia [[Penamaan dan peluncuran kapal|diluncurkan]] pada November 1921 sebagai SS ''London Merchant'', dan selesai pada Mei 1923. ''Pedagang London'' adalah salah satu dari enam kapal saudara yang dibangun di halaman; yang lainnya adalah ''London Commerce'', ''London Importer'', ''London Mariner'', ''London Shipper'' dan ''Manchester Regiment''.{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=36}}{{Efn|''London Merchant''{{'s}} sister ships had mixed fortunes:
 * ''London Commerce'': Renamed ''Collegian'' in 1935 and was [[broken up]] in 1948.{{sfn|''London Commerce'', ship 1146693}}
 * ''London Importer'': Renamed ''Reliant'' and served the Second World War as a [[Auxiliary ship|supply ship]]. She was later renamed ''Firdausa'' by her Pakistani owners before being scrapped in 1963 in Karachi.{{sfn|''London Importer'', ship 5115434}}
 * ''London Mariner'': renamed ''Craftsman'', she was destroyed by the [[German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran|German auxiliary cruiser ''Kormoran'']] in April 1941.{{sfn|''Feliciana'', ship 1146553}}
 * ''London Shipper'': sank in May 1941 after being hit by a German [[aerial torpedo]] while travelling between New Orleans and Liverpool.{{sfn|''London Shipper'', ship 1147474}}
-* ''Manchester Regiment'': collided with the [[SS Oropesa (1919)|SS ''Oropesa'']] in December 1939 and sank, with the loss of nine lives.{{sfn|Hutchinson|2007|pp=36–37}}}} [[Tonase bruto terdaftar|tonase terdaftar kotor]] ''London Merchant'' adalah {{'s}}, dia {{Convert|450|ft|m|abbr=on}} panjang{{Efn|The length given is the [[length between perpendiculars]] measurement.{{sfn|"Abbreviations". ''Miramar Ship Index''}}{{sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}}} dan {{Convert|17.7|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} di [[Lintang kapal|balok]] ; kedalaman pegangannya adalah {{Convert|19|ft|m|abbr=on}} dan dia bisa mencapai {{Convert|14|kn|lk=in}}.{{Sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=36}} Saat sedang dipasang, dia ditabrak oleh kapal lain dan rusak.{{Sfn|''Manchester Regiment'', ship 1146830}}
+* ''Manchester Regiment'': collided with the [[SS Oropesa (1919)|SS ''Oropesa'']] in December 1939 and sank, with the loss of nine lives.{{sfn|Hutchinson|2007|pp=36–37}}}} [[Tonase bruto terdaftar|Tonase terdaftar kotor]] ''London Merchant'', dia {{Convert|450|ft|m|abbr=on}} panjang{{Efn|The length given is the [[length between perpendiculars]] measurement.{{sfn|"Abbreviations". ''Miramar Ship Index''}}{{sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}}} dan {{Convert|17.7|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} di [[Lintang kapal|balok]] ; kedalaman pegangannya adalah {{Convert|19|ft|m|abbr=on}} dan dia bisa mencapai {{Convert|14|kn|lk=in}}.{{Sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=36}} Saat sedang dipasang, dia ditabrak oleh kapal lain dan rusak.{{Sfn|''Manchester Regiment'', ship 1146830}}
+Setelah ''London Merchant'' diperbaiki, dia mulai berdagang melintasi Atlantik;{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|pp=36–37}} pemiliknya, perusahaan [[Furness Withy]], mengiklankan layanan kargonya di ''[[The Guardian|The Manchester Guardian]]'', pengiriman dari Manchester ke Los Angeles, Seattle, dan Vancouver.{{Sfn|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; January 1924}}{{Sfn|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; March 1928}} Pada bulan Desember 1924—selama [[Pelarangan di Amerika Serikat|Larangan di Amerika Serikat]] —dia berlabuh di [[Portland, Oregon]], dengan wiski sebagai bagian dari muatannya; ini telah disetujui dan disegel oleh otoritas federal AS. George Cleaver, komisaris larangan negara bagian Oregon, mengabaikan persetujuan tersebut, membuka segel kargo dan menyita wiski. [[Master (angkatan laut)|Nakhoda]] kapal menolak untuk pergi tanpa wiski dan [[Kedutaan Besar Inggris di Washington]] mengeluh kepada otoritas Federal, yang campur tangan dan memerintahkan wiski dilepaskan kembali ke kapal. Cleaver diperintahkan untuk menulis permintaan maaf kepada kapten dan perusahaan Furness Withy.{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=37}}{{Sfn|"Dry agent must eat humble pie". ''The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review''}}{{Sfn|"Must eat humble pie". ''The Gazette''}} Pada Malam Natal 1927 dia terlibat dalam tabrakan lain dan diperbaiki. Dia berdagang di pesisir timur AS hingga tahun 1930 ketika, dengan permulaan [[Depresi Besar]], perdagangan dunia turun, dan dia diikat di [[Sungai Blackwater, Essex]], bersama dengan 60 kapal lainnya.{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|pp=37–38}}
-== Referensi ==
+== Pranala luar ==
+* [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/archive/displays/politician/index.aspx Tampilan online] di Merseyside Maritime Museum
+* [https://southampton.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/LOCAL/BIBENQ?BRN=1449675 Daftarkan entri] di Lloyd's Register of Shipping
+==Catatan dan referensi==
+===Catatan===
+{{notes}}
+===Referensi===
+{{reflist}}
+===Sumber===
 {{refbegin}}
-====Buku====
+====Books====
-* {{cite book|last1=Bathurst|first1=Bella|date=2005|url=https://archive.org/stream/wreckersstoryofk00bath#page/n5/mode/2up|title=The Wreckers: A Story of Killing Seas and Plundered Shipwrecks|location=Boston, MA|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=978-0-6184-1677-6|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Bathurst|first1=Bella|title=The Wreckers: A Story of Killing Seas and Plundered Shipwrecks|date=2005|url=https://archive.org/stream/wreckersstoryofk00bath#page/n5/mode/2up|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston, MA|isbn=978-0-6184-1677-6}}
-* {{cite book|last1=Duguid|first1=Mark|last2=Freeman|first2=Lee|last3=Johnston|first3=Keith M.|last4=Williams|first4=Melanie|date=2012|title=Ealing Revisited|location=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-84457-510-7|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Duguid|first1=Mark|last2=Freeman|first2=Lee|last3=Johnston|first3=Keith M.|last4=Williams|first4=Melanie|title=Ealing Revisited|date=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|isbn=978-1-84457-510-7}}
-* {{cite book|last=Haswell-Smith|first=Hamish|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXFwKl5gVqwC&pg=PP1|title=The Scottish Islands|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Canongate|isbn=978-1-84767-277-3|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|last=Haswell-Smith|first=Hamish|title=The Scottish Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXFwKl5gVqwC&pg=PP1|year=2008|publisher=Canongate|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-1-84767-277-3}}
-* {{cite book|last1=Hutchinson|first1=Roger|date=2007|title=Polly: The True Story Behind Whisky Galore|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|isbn=978-1-8401-8071-8|author-link=Roger Hutchinson (writer)|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Hutchinson|first1=Roger|author-link=Roger Hutchinson (writer)|title=Polly: The True Story Behind Whisky Galore|url=https://archive.org/details/pollytruestorybe0000hutc_u6v7|date=2007|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-1-8401-8071-8}}
-* {{cite book|last=McArthur|first=Colin|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnwROL7kGqwC&pg=PP1|title=Whisky Galore! and the Maggie: A British Film Guide|location=London|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-633-1|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|last=McArthur|first=Colin|title=Whisky Galore! and the Maggie: A British Film Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnwROL7kGqwC&pg=PP1|year=2003|publisher=I.B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=978-1-86064-633-1}}
-* {{cite book|last=Sunderland|first=David|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zDh79Q3Dt8C&pg=PP1|title=Managing the British Empire: The Crown Agents, 1833–1914|location=Woodbridge, Suffolk|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-841-8|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|last=Sunderland|first=David|title=Managing the British Empire: The Crown Agents, 1833–1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zDh79Q3Dt8C&pg=PP1|year=2013|publisher=Boydell Press|location=Woodbridge, Suffolk|isbn=978-1-84383-841-8}}
-* {{cite book|last1=Swinson|first1=Arthur|date=2005|title=Scotch on the Rocks: the True Story Behind Whisky Galore|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Luath Press|isbn=978-1-9052-2209-4|author-link1=Arthur Swinson|orig-year=1963|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Swinson|first1=Arthur|author-link1=Arthur Swinson|title=Scotch on the Rocks: the True Story Behind Whisky Galore|url=https://archive.org/details/scotchonrockstru0000swin|date=2005|publisher=Luath Press|location=Edinburgh|orig-year=1963|isbn=978-1-9052-2209-4}}
-====Berita====
+====Newspapers====
-* {{cite news|date=4 December 2008|title=Bottle from Whisky Galore! wreck fetches £2,200|work=The Times|page=28|ref={{sfnRef|"Bottle from Whisky Galore! wreck fetches £2,200". ''The Times''}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=Bottle from Whisky Galore! wreck fetches £2,200|work=The Times|date=4 December 2008|page=28|ref={{sfnRef|"Bottle from Whisky Galore! wreck fetches £2,200". ''The Times''}}}}
-* {{cite news|date=20 December 1924|title=Dry agent must eat humble pie|work=The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Dry agent must eat humble pie". ''The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review''}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=Dry agent must eat humble pie|work=The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review|date=20 December 1924|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Dry agent must eat humble pie". ''The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review''}}}}
-* {{cite news|last1=English|first1=Shirley|date=28 March 2005|title=Sour finish to story of Whisky Galore|work=The Times|page=12}}
+* {{cite news|last1=English|first1=Shirley|title=Sour finish to story of Whisky Galore|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electronic-engineering-times_2005-03-28_1364/page/12|work=The Times|date=28 March 2005|page=12}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Kerry|date=11 August 1987|title=Cash store on whisky ship wreck|work=The Times|page=3}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Kerry|title=Cash store on whisky ship wreck|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_japan-times_1987-08-11_31808/page/3|work=The Times|date=11 August 1987|page=3}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Kerry|date=16 December 1989|title=Blow for Whisky Galore salvage|work=The Times|page=2}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Kerry|title=Blow for Whisky Galore salvage|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_los-angeles-times_1989-12-16/page/2|work=The Times|date=16 December 1989|page=2}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=Karin|last2=Day|first2=Peter|date=27 March 2005|title=Whisky Galore locals used violence to guard their loot|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/whisky-galore-locals-used-violence-to-guard-their-loot-rz6j9f6npsq|work=The Sunday Times}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=Karin|last2=Day|first2=Peter|title=Whisky Galore locals used violence to guard their loot|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/whisky-galore-locals-used-violence-to-guard-their-loot-rz6j9f6npsq|work=The Sunday Times|date=27 March 2005}}
-* {{cite news|date=16 September 2020|title=I'll drink to that ... Whisky Galore bottle earns diver £9,200 at sale|work=The Herald|page=7|ref={{sfnRef|"I'll drink to that ... Whisky Galore bottle earns diver £9,200 at sale". ''The Herald''}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=I'll drink to that ... Whisky Galore bottle earns diver £9,200 at sale|work=The Herald|date=16 September 2020|page=7|ref={{sfnRef|"I'll drink to that ... Whisky Galore bottle earns diver £9,200 at sale". ''The Herald''}}}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Macnab|first1=Geoffrey|date=5 July 2016|title=A Toast to whimsy and nostalgia|work=The Independent|page=41}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Macnab|first1=Geoffrey|title=A Toast to whimsy and nostalgia|work=The Independent|date=5 July 2016|page=41}}
-* {{cite news|date=26 January 1924|title=Manchester shipping|work=The Manchester Guardian|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; January 1924}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=Manchester shipping|work=The Manchester Guardian|date=26 January 1924|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; January 1924}}}}
-* {{cite news|date=30 March 1928|title=Manchester shipping|work=The Manchester Guardian|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; March 1928}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=Manchester shipping|work=The Manchester Guardian|date=30 March 1928|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; March 1928}}}}
-* {{cite news|date=25 November 1993|title=Money galore for booty|work=The Times|page=6|ref={{sfnRef|"Money galore for booty". ''The Times''}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=Money galore for booty|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_1993-11-25/page/6|work=The Times|date=25 November 1993|page=6|ref={{sfnRef|"Money galore for booty". ''The Times''}}}}
-* {{cite news|date=22 December 1924|title=Must eat humble pie|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal|page=10|ref={{sfnRef|"Must eat humble pie". ''The Gazette''}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=Must eat humble pie|work=The Gazette|date=22 December 1924|location=Montreal|page=10|ref={{sfnRef|"Must eat humble pie". ''The Gazette''}}}}
-* {{cite news|last1=O'Brien|first1=E. D.|date=13 July 1963|title=A literary lounger|work=Illustrated London News|page=70}}
+* {{cite news|last1=O'Brien|first1=E. D.|title=A literary lounger|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_illustrated-london-news_1963-07-13_243_6467/page/70|work=Illustrated London News|date=13 July 1963|page=70}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Partridge|first1=Frank|date=3 March 2007|title=Complete guide to the Western Isles|work=The Independent|page=18}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Partridge|first1=Frank|title=Complete guide to the Western Isles|work=The Independent|date=3 March 2007|page=18}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Rule|first1=Vera|date=8 January 1991|title=Television and radio: watching brief|work=The Guardian|page=36}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Rule|first1=Vera|title=Television and radio: watching brief|work=The Guardian|date=8 January 1991|page=36}}
-* {{cite news|date=20 January 1990|title=A tot of whisky galore under the floor|work=The Times|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"A tot of whisky galore under the floor". ''The Times''}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=A tot of whisky galore under the floor|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_japan-times_1990-01-20_30_3/page/1|work=The Times|date=20 January 1990|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"A tot of whisky galore under the floor". ''The Times''}}}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Turpin|first1=Adrian|last2=Day|first2=Peter|date=27 March 2005|title=Ecosse: looting galore|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ecosse-looting-galore-dhk8c33gb7j|work=The Sunday Times}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Turpin|first1=Adrian|last2=Day|first2=Peter|title=Ecosse: looting galore|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ecosse-looting-galore-dhk8c33gb7j|work=The Sunday Times|date=27 March 2005}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Tweedie|first1=Neil|date=26 January 2001|title=Banknotes galore after whisky ship hit the rocks|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1319533/Banknotes-galore-after-whisky-ship-hit-the-rocks.html|work=The Daily Telegraph}}
+* {{cite news|last1=Tweedie|first1=Neil|title=Banknotes galore after whisky ship hit the rocks|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1319533/Banknotes-galore-after-whisky-ship-hit-the-rocks.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=26 January 2001}}
-* {{cite news|date=7 May 2013|title=Whisky from wreck fetches pounds galore|work=The Times|page=8|ref={{sfnRef|"Whisky from wreck fetches pounds galore". ''The Times''}}}}
+* {{cite news|title=Whisky from wreck fetches pounds galore|work=The Times|date=7 May 2013|page=8|ref={{sfnRef|"Whisky from wreck fetches pounds galore". ''The Times''}}}}
 ====Internet====
 * {{cite web|title=Abbreviations|url=https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/abbreviation|website=Miramar Ship Index|access-date=16 September 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"Abbreviations". ''Miramar Ship Index''}}}}
 * {{cite web|title=After the Stranding|url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/archive/displays/politician/stranding.aspx|publisher=Merseyside Maritime Museum|access-date=7 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"After the Stranding". Merseyside Maritime Museum}}}}
-* {{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Gregory|date=2018|title=The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/ukearncpi/|publisher=MeasuringWorth|access-date=30 January 2018}}
+* {{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Gregory|title=The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/ukearncpi/|access-date=30 January 2018|publisher=MeasuringWorth|date=2018}}
 * {{cite web|title=Customs and Excise take a different view|url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/archive/displays/politician/customs.aspx|publisher=Merseyside Maritime Museum|access-date=11 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"Customs and Excise". Merseyside Maritime Museum}}}}
 * {{cite ship register|register=MSI|id=1146553|shipname=Feliciana|access-date=1 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|''Feliciana'', ship 1146553}}}}
@@ Baris 89: / Baris 105: @@
 * {{cite web|title=The SS Politician Profile|url=https://scotchwhisky.com/whiskypedia/2891/the-ss-politician/|website=scotchwhisky.com|access-date=19 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"The SS Politician Profile". scotchwhisky.com}}}}
-====Jurnal====
+====Journals====
-* {{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=Douglas A.|date=December 1971|title=The ''Politician'' Notes of Jamaica|journal=International Bank Note Society Journal|volume=11|issue=2}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=Douglas A.|title=The ''Politician'' Notes of Jamaica|journal=International Bank Note Society Journal|date=December 1971|volume=11|issue=2}}
 * {{cite ODNB|last1=Wallace|first1=Gavin|title=Mackenzie, Sir (Edward Montague Anthony) Compton: (1883–1972)|date=6 January 2011|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31392}}
-====Lainnya====
+====Other====
-* {{cite AV media|title=Distilling Whisky Galore!|date=8 January 1991|last=Cooper|first=Derek|publisher=Channel 4|author-link=Derek Cooper (journalist)|ref={{sfnRef|''Distilling Whisky Galore!'', 8 January 1991}}|medium=Television production}}
+* {{cite AV media|last=Cooper|first=Derek|author-link=Derek Cooper (journalist)|date=8 January 1991|title=Distilling Whisky Galore!|medium=Television production|publisher=Channel 4|ref={{sfnRef|''Distilling Whisky Galore!'', 8 January 1991}}}}
-* {{cite book|year=2010|url=https://archive.org/details/britishpapermoneysept2010dixn/page/n71|title=Important British and World Paper Money|location=London|publisher=[[Dix Noonan Webb]]|ref={{sfnRef|''Important British and World Paper Money''. Dix Noonan Webb|2010}}<!-- Archived online catalogue -->|url-status=live}}
+* {{cite book|title=Important British and World Paper Money|url=https://archive.org/details/britishpapermoneysept2010dixn/page/n71|year=2010|publisher=[[Dix Noonan Webb]]|location=London|ref={{sfnRef|''Important British and World Paper Money''. Dix Noonan Webb|2010}}<!-- Archived online catalogue -->}}
-* {{cite hansard|jurisdiction=United Kingdom|house=House of Commons|date=20 December 1960|volume=632|column=138W|speaker=[[Malcolm Macmillan|Macmillan, Malcolm]]|position=MP|ref={{sfnRef|Malcolm Macmillan (20 December 1960)}}}}{{refend}}
+* {{cite hansard|jurisdiction=United Kingdom|house=House of Commons|date=20 December 1960|volume=632|column=138W|speaker=[[Malcolm Macmillan|Macmillan, Malcolm]]|position=MP|ref={{sfnRef|Malcolm Macmillan (20 December 1960)}}}}
-* {{cite act|legislature=Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|title=Merchant Shipping Act|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1894/60/pdfs/ukpga_18940060_en.pdf|year=1894|ref={{sfnRef|Merchant Shipping Act 1894}}|type=Undang-Undang}}
+* {{cite act|legislature=Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|title=Merchant Shipping Act|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1894/60/pdfs/ukpga_18940060_en.pdf|year=1894|ref={{sfnRef|Merchant Shipping Act 1894}}}}
+{{refend}}
-<references />
+*
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Politician}}
+[[Kategori:Kapal kargo]]
+[[Kategori:Kapal dagang Britania Raya]]
+[[Kategori:Kapal karam Perang Dunia II di Samudera Atlantik]]
+[[Kategori:Insiden maritim pada Februari 1941]]
+[[Kategori:1941 di Skotlandia]]
+[[Kategori:Penjarahan]]
+[[Kategori:Sejarah Hebrides Luar]]

Sejarah

Nama	Pedagang London (1923–1935) Politikus (1935–1941)
Pemilik	Furness, Withy and Co. (1923–1935) T & J Harrison (1935–1941)
Pembangun	Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness.
Pasang lunas	19 September 1920
Diluncurkan	15 November 1921
Selesai	Mei 1923
Nasib	Berlatar tahun 1941
Ciri-ciri umum
Jenis	Kapal kargo
Tonase	7,899 (GRT)
Panjang	450 ft 6 in (137,31 m)
Lebar	581 ft (177 m)
Tenaga	steam turbine
Kecepatan	14 knot (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Catatan	^[1]