Republik Demokratik Hungaria: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Former Country |
{{Infobox Former Country |
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|conventional_long_name = <small>Republik Rakyat Hungaria (1918–1919)</small><br /><small>Republik Hungaria (1919–1920)</small> |
| conventional_long_name = <small>Republik Rakyat Hungaria (1918–1919)</small><br /><small>Republik Hungaria (1919–1920)</small> |
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|native_name = <small>''Magyar Népköztársaság'' (1918–1919)</small><br /><small>''Magyar Köztársaság'' (1919–1920)</small> |
| native_name = <small>''Magyar Népköztársaság'' (1918–1919)</small><br /><small>''Magyar Köztársaság'' (1919–1920)</small> |
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|common_name = Hungaria |
| common_name = Hungaria |
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|continent = Eropa |
| continent = Eropa |
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|region = Eropa Tengah |
| region = Eropa Tengah |
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|country = Hungaria |
| country = Hungaria |
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|status = [[Negara yang tidak diakui]] |
| status = [[Negara yang tidak diakui]] |
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|status_text = [[Negara yang tidak diakui]]<br /> sampai 25 November 1919<ref>{{cite book|last=Romsics|first=Ignác|title=Magyarország története a XX. században|year=2004|publisher=Osiris Kiadó|location=Budapest|language=Hungaria|isbn=963-389-590-1|page=136}}</ref> |
| status_text = [[Negara yang tidak diakui]]<br /> sampai 25 November 1919<ref>{{cite book|last=Romsics|first=Ignác|title=Magyarország története a XX. században|year=2004|publisher=Osiris Kiadó|location=Budapest|language=Hungaria|isbn=963-389-590-1|page=136}}</ref> |
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|life_span = 1918–1919<br />1919–1920 |
| life_span = 1918–1919<br />1919–1920 |
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| p1 = Austria Hongaria |
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|p1 = Kerajaan Hungaria |
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|flag_p1 |
| flag_p1 = Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_(1869-1918).svg |
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|p2 = Republik Soviet Hungaria |
| p2 = Republik Soviet Hungaria |
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|flag_p2 = Flag of Hungary (1919).svg |
| flag_p2 = Flag of Hungary (1919).svg |
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|s1 = Republik Soviet Hungaria |
| s1 = Republik Soviet Hungaria |
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|flag_s1 = Flag of Hungary (1919).svg |
| flag_s1 = Flag of Hungary (1919).svg |
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|s2 = Kerajaan Hungaria (1920–1946) |
| s2 = Kerajaan Hungaria (1920–1946) |
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|flag_s2 = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg |
| flag_s2 = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg |
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|image_flag = Flag of Hungary (1918–1919).svg |
| image_flag = Flag of Hungary (1918–1919).svg |
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|image_coat = Coat of arms of Hungary (1918-1919).svg |
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Hungary (1918-1919).svg |
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|coa_size = 75px |
| coa_size = 75px |
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|national_motto |
| national_motto = |
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| national_anthem = [[Himnusz]] |
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|image_map = LocationHungaryInterbellum.png |
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| image_map = First Hungarian Republic (November 1918).png |
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|image_map_caption = Teritori Republk Hungaria pada tahun 1920. |
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| image_map_caption = Teritori Republk Hungaria pada tahun 1918. |
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|capital = Budapest |
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| capital = Budapest |
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|latd=47|latm=28|latNS=N|longd=19|longm=03|longEW=E |
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| latd = 47 |
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|common_languages = {{nowrap|[[Bahasa Hungaria|Hungaria]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Jerman|Jerman]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Rumania|Rumania]]<br />[[Bahasa Slowakia|Slowakia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Kroasia|Kroasia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Slovenia|Slovenia]]<br />[[Bahasa Serbia|Serbia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Italia|Italia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Ruthenia|Ruthenia]]}} |
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| latm = 28 |
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|religion = {{nowrap|[[Katolik Roma]]<br />[[Calvinisme]]{{·}}[[Lutheranisme]]<br />[[Ortodoks Timur]]<br />[[Gereja Katolik Timur|Katolik Timur]]<br />[[Unitarianisme]]{{·}}[[Agama Yahudi|Yahudi]]}} |
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| latNS = N |
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|government_type = [[Republik rakyat]]<ref name="november16">{{cite web|title=1918. évi néphatározat|url=http://hu.wikisource.org/wiki/1918._évi_néphatározat|publisher=hu.wikisource.org|accessdate=5 February 2012|language=Hungarian}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Pölöskei|first1=Ferenc|last2=Gergely|first2=Jenő|last3=Izsák|first3=Lajos|title=Magyarország története 1918–1990|year=1995|publisher=Korona Kiadó|location=Budapest|language=Hungarian|isbn=963-8153-55-5|page=17}}</ref> |
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| longd = 19 |
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|title_leader = [[Daftar Presiden Hungaria|Presiden]] |
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| longm = 03 |
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|leader1 = Mihály Károlyi |
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| longEW = E |
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|year_leader1 = 1918–1919 |
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| common_languages = {{nowrap|[[Bahasa Hungaria|Hungaria]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Jerman|Jerman]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Rumania|Rumania]]<br />[[Bahasa Slowakia|Slowakia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Kroasia|Kroasia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Slovenia|Slovenia]]<br />[[Bahasa Serbia|Serbia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Italia|Italia]]{{·}}[[Bahasa Ruthenia|Ruthenia]]}} |
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|leader2 = Gyula Peidl |
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| religion = {{nowrap|[[Katolik Roma]]<br />[[Calvinisme]]{{·}}[[Lutheranisme]]<br />[[Ortodoks Timur]]<br />[[Gereja Katolik Timur|Katolik Timur]]<br />[[Unitarianisme]]{{·}}[[Agama Yahudi|Yahudi]]}} |
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|year_leader2 = 1919 |
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| government_type = [[Republik rakyat]]<ref name="november16">{{cite web|title=1918. évi néphatározat|url=http://hu.wikisource.org/wiki/1918._évi_néphatározat|publisher=hu.wikisource.org|accessdate=5 February 2012|language=Hungarian}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Pölöskei|first1=Ferenc|last2=Gergely|first2=Jenő|last3=Izsák|first3=Lajos|title=Magyarország története 1918–1990|url=https://archive.org/details/magyarorszagtort0000unse_e3v1|year=1995|publisher=Korona Kiadó|location=Budapest|language=Hungarian|isbn=963-8153-55-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/magyarorszagtort0000unse_e3v1/page/17 17]}}</ref> |
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|leader3 = István Friedrich |
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| title_leader = [[Daftar Presiden Hungaria|Presiden]] |
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|year_leader3 = 1919 |
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| leader1 = Mihály Károlyi |
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|leader4 = Károly Huszár |
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| year_leader1 = 1918–1919 |
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|year_leader4 = 1919–1920 |
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| leader2 = Gyula Peidl |
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|title_representative = [[Daftar Presiden Hungaria|Bupati]] |
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| year_leader2 = 1919 |
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|representative1 = [[Archduke Joseph August dari Austria|Joseph August]] |
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| leader3 = István Friedrich |
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|year_representative1 = 1919 |
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| year_leader3 = 1919 |
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|title_deputy = [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Hungaria|Perdana Menteri]] |
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| leader4 = Károly Huszár |
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|deputy1 = Mihály Károlyi |
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| year_leader4 = 1919–1920 |
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|year_deputy1 = 1918–1919 |
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| title_representative = [[Daftar Presiden Hungaria|Bupati]] |
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|deputy2 = Dénes Berinkey |
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| representative1 = [[Archduke Joseph August dari Austria|Joseph August]] |
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|year_deputy2 = 1919 |
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| year_representative1 = 1919 |
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|deputy3 = Gyula Peidl |
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| title_deputy = [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Hungaria|Perdana Menteri]] |
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|year_deputy3 = 1919 |
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| deputy1 = Mihály Károlyi |
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|deputy4 = István Friedrich |
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| year_deputy1 = 1918–1919 |
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|year_deputy4 = 1919 |
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| deputy2 = Dénes Berinkey |
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|deputy5 = Károly Huszár |
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| year_deputy2 = 1919 |
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|year_deputy5 = 1919–1920 |
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| deputy3 = Gyula Peidl |
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|legislature = [[Dewan Nasional Hungaria|Dewan Nasional]] (1918–1919) |
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| year_deputy3 = 1919 |
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|era = Periode antar perang |
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| deputy4 = István Friedrich |
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|event_pre = Pembubaran [[Kekaisaran Austria-Hungaria]] |
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| year_deputy4 = 1919 |
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|date_pre = 31 Oktober 1918 |
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| deputy5 = Károly Huszár |
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|event_start = Monarki dihapuskan |
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| year_deputy5 = 1919–1920 |
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|date_start = 16 November |
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| legislature = [[Dewan Nasional Hungaria|Dewan Nasional]] (1918–1919) |
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|year_start = 1918 |
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| era = Periode antar perang |
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|event_end = [[Kerajaan Hungaria (1920–1946)|Pengembalian monarki]] |
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| event_pre = Pembubaran [[Kekaisaran Austria-Hungaria]] |
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|date_end = 1 Maret |
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| date_pre = 31 Oktober 1918 |
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|year_end = 1920 |
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| event_start = Monarki dihapuskan |
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|event1 = [[Republik Soviet Hungaria|Republik Soviet Hungaria diproklamasikan]] |
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| date_start = 16 November |
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|date_event1 = 21 Maret 1919 |
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| year_start = 1918 |
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|event2 = Republik didirikan kembali |
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| event_end = [[Kerajaan Hungaria (1920–1946)|Pengembalian monarki]] |
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|date_event2 = 2 Augustus 1919 |
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| date_end = 1 Maret |
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|stat_year1 = 1918<ref name="revai1">{{cite encyclopedia|editor=Kollega Tarsoly, István|encyclopedia=Révai nagy lexikona|title=Magyarország|language=Hungarian|year=1995|publisher=Hasonmás Kiadó|volume=Volume 20|location=Budapest|isbn=963-8318-70-8|pages=595–597}}</ref> |
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| year_end = 1920 |
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|stat_area1 = 282870 |
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| event1 = [[Republik Soviet Hungaria|Republik Soviet Hungaria diproklamasikan]] |
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|stat_pop1 = |
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| date_event1 = 21 Maret 1919 |
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|stat_year2 = 1920<ref name="revai1"/> |
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| event2 = Republik didirikan kembali |
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|stat_area2 = 92833 |
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| date_event2 = 2 Augustus 1919 |
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|stat_pop2 = 7980143 |
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| stat_year1 = 1918<ref name="revai1">{{cite encyclopedia|editor=Kollega Tarsoly, István|encyclopedia=Révai nagy lexikona|title=Magyarország|language=Hungarian|year=1995|publisher=Hasonmás Kiadó|volume=Volume 20|location=Budapest|isbn=963-8318-70-8|pages=595–597}}</ref> |
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|today = {{flagcountry|Austria}}<br />{{flagcountry|Croatia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Hungary}}<br />{{flagcountry|Poland}}<br />{{flagcountry|Romania}}<br />{{flagcountry|Serbia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Slowakia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Ukraine}} |
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| stat_area1 = 282870 |
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|currency = {{nowrap|[[Krone Austria-Hungaria|Korona Austria-Hungaria]] <small>(1918–19)</small><br />[[Korona Hungaria]] <small>(1919–1920)</small>}} |
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| stat_pop1 = |
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| stat_year2 = 1920<ref name="revai1"/> |
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| stat_area2 = 92833 |
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| stat_pop2 = 7980143 |
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| today = {{flagcountry|Austria}}<br />{{flagcountry|Croatia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Hungary}}<br />{{flagcountry|Poland}}<br />{{flagcountry|Romania}}<br />{{flagcountry|Serbia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Slowakia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Ukraine}} |
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| currency = {{nowrap|[[Krone Austria-Hungaria|Korona Austria-Hungaria]] <small>(1918–19)</small><br />[[Korona Hungaria]] <small>(1919–1920)</small>}} |
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}} |
}} |
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Revisi terkini sejak 10 April 2024 14.29
Republik Rakyat Hungaria (1918–1919) Republik Hungaria (1919–1920) Magyar Népköztársaság (1918–1919) Magyar Köztársaság (1919–1920) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1918–1919 1919–1920 | |||||||||||||
Teritori Republk Hungaria pada tahun 1918. | |||||||||||||
Status | Negara yang tidak diakui sampai 25 November 1919[1] | ||||||||||||
Ibu kota | Budapest | ||||||||||||
Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Hungaria · Jerman · Rumania Slowakia · Kroasia · Slovenia Serbia · Italia · Ruthenia | ||||||||||||
Agama | Katolik Roma Calvinisme · Lutheranisme Ortodoks Timur Katolik Timur Unitarianisme · Yahudi | ||||||||||||
Pemerintahan | Republik rakyat[2][3] | ||||||||||||
Presiden | |||||||||||||
• 1918–1919 | Mihály Károlyi | ||||||||||||
• 1919 | Gyula Peidl | ||||||||||||
• 1919 | István Friedrich | ||||||||||||
• 1919–1920 | Károly Huszár | ||||||||||||
Bupati | |||||||||||||
• 1919 | Joseph August | ||||||||||||
Perdana Menteri | |||||||||||||
• 1918–1919 | Mihály Károlyi | ||||||||||||
• 1919 | Dénes Berinkey | ||||||||||||
• 1919 | Gyula Peidl | ||||||||||||
• 1919 | István Friedrich | ||||||||||||
• 1919–1920 | Károly Huszár | ||||||||||||
Legislatif | Dewan Nasional (1918–1919) | ||||||||||||
Era Sejarah | Periode antar perang | ||||||||||||
• Pembubaran Kekaisaran Austria-Hungaria | 31 Oktober 1918 | ||||||||||||
• Monarki dihapuskan | 16 November 1918 | ||||||||||||
21 Maret 1919 | |||||||||||||
• Republik didirikan kembali | 2 Augustus 1919 | ||||||||||||
1 Maret 1920 | |||||||||||||
Luas | |||||||||||||
1918[4] | 282.870 km2 (109.220 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
1920[4] | 92.833 km2 (35.843 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
Populasi | |||||||||||||
• 1920[4] | 7980143 | ||||||||||||
Mata uang | Korona Austria-Hungaria (1918–19) Korona Hungaria (1919–1920) | ||||||||||||
Kode ISO 3166 | HU | ||||||||||||
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Sekarang bagian dari | Austria Kroasia Hungaria Polandia Rumania Serbia Slowakia Slovenia Ukraina | ||||||||||||
Republik Demokratik Hungaria/Republik Rakyat Hungaria (Hungaria: Magyar Népköztársaság) dan Republik Hungaria (Hungaria: Magyar Koztarsasag) adalah republik berumur pendek yang berdiri selama 133 hari, dari akhir tahun 1918 sampai awal tahun 1920. Negara ini didirikan sejak pembubaran Kekaisaran Austria-Hungaria setelah Perang Dunia I.
Selama periode ini, Hungaria dipaksa untuk menyerahkan wilayahnya untuk pembentukan negara berdasarkan kelompok mayoritas etnis, yang membentuk Cekoslowakia, Rumania, dan Yugoslavia. Republik Hungaria menggantikan Kerajaan Hungaria sampai restorasi Maret 1920.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Romsics, Ignác (2004). Magyarország története a XX. században (dalam bahasa Hungaria). Budapest: Osiris Kiadó. hlm. 136. ISBN 963-389-590-1.
- ^ "1918. évi néphatározat" (dalam bahasa Hungarian). hu.wikisource.org. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2012.
- ^ Pölöskei, Ferenc; Gergely, Jenő; Izsák, Lajos (1995). Magyarország története 1918–1990 (dalam bahasa Hungarian). Budapest: Korona Kiadó. hlm. 17. ISBN 963-8153-55-5.
- ^ a b Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1995). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (dalam bahasa Hungarian). Volume 20. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. hlm. 595–597. ISBN 963-8318-70-8.
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Richard Overy. History of the 20th Century, The Times, Mapping History. London, 2003
- Peter Rokai; Zoltan Đere; Tibor Pal; Aleksandar Kasaš. Istorija Mađara. Beograd, 2002
- András Siklós. "Revolution in Hungary and the Dissolution of the Multinational State. 1918", Studia Historica, Vol. 189. Budapest: Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1988