Perang Saudara Lebanon: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 29: | Baris 29: | ||
|title={{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|border}} [[Front Lebanon]] |
|title={{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|border}} [[Front Lebanon]] |
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|1={{flagicon image|Flag of Kataeb Party.svg|size=22px}} [[Partai Kataeb]] |
|1={{flagicon image|Flag of Kataeb Party.svg|size=22px}} [[Partai Kataeb]] |
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|2={{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|size=22px}}[[ |
|2={{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|size=22px}}[[Pasukan Lebanon (milisi)|Milisi Pasukan Lebanon]] |
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|3=[[Brigade Marada]] (hingga 1978)<br/>[[Guardians of the Cedars]]<br/>[[File:Al-Tanzim logo.png|22px|border]][[Al-Tanzim]]<br/>[[Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)]]<br/> [[Tyous Team of Commandos]]<br/>[[Zahliote Group]]<br/>[[Shuraya Party]]<br/>[[Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)|Vanguard of the Maani Army (MDJ)]]<br/> (Other minor organizations)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Tentara Lebanon Merdeka]] (hingga 1977)<br/>{{flagicon image||22px}} [[ |
|3=[[Brigade Marada]] (hingga 1978)<br/>[[Guardians of the Cedars]]<br/>[[File:Al-Tanzim logo.png|22px|border]][[Al-Tanzim]]<br/>[[Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)]]<br/> [[Tyous Team of Commandos]]<br/>[[Zahliote Group]]<br/>[[Shuraya Party]]<br/>[[Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)|Vanguard of the Maani Army (MDJ)]]<br/> (Other minor organizations)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Tentara Lebanon Merdeka]] (hingga 1977)<br/>{{flagicon image||22px}}{{br}}{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Tentara Lebanon Selatan|SLA]] (dari 1978)<br/>{{flag|Israel}} (dari 1978) |
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[[File:Ahrar flag.gif|23px|border]] [[Milisi Harimau]] (hingga 1980) |
[[File:Ahrar flag.gif|23px|border]] [[Milisi Harimau]] (hingga 1980) |
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Baris 36: | Baris 36: | ||
(1975–1982)<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanese National Resistance Front.jpg}}{{Collapsible list| |
(1975–1982)<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanese National Resistance Front.jpg}}{{Collapsible list| |
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title=[[Lebanese National Resistance Front|Jammoul]] (1982–1990) |
title=[[Lebanese National Resistance Front|Jammoul]] (1982–1990) |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Mourabitoun.svg}} [[Al-Mourabitoun]]|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg}} [[Progressive Socialist Party]] (PSP)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party.svg}} [[Partai Komunis Lebanon]] (LCP)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon]] (SSNP)|[[File:OACLsymbol.PNG|22px|border]] [[Communist Action Organization in Lebanon]] (OCAL)|{{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah]] (LMSF)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region]]|{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon)|Revolutionary Communist Group]]|{{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Sixth of February Movement]]|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party]] (SALVP)<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Popular Nasserist Organization.svg|22px}} [[Popular Nasserist Organization]] (PNO)<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[ |
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Mourabitoun.svg}} [[Al-Mourabitoun]]|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Progressive Socialist Party.svg}} [[Progressive Socialist Party]] (PSP)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party.svg}} [[Partai Komunis Lebanon]] (LCP)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon]] (SSNP)|[[File:OACLsymbol.PNG|22px|border]] [[Communist Action Organization in Lebanon]] (OCAL)|{{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah]] (LMSF)|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region]]|{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon)|Revolutionary Communist Group]]|{{flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Sixth of February Movement]]|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party]] (SALVP)<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Popular Nasserist Organization.svg|22px}} [[Popular Nasserist Organization]] (PNO)<br/>{{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Tentara Arab Lebanon]] (LAA)<br/>Seluruh Kelompok Minoritas |
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{{flagdeco|PLO}} [[ |
{{flagdeco|PLO}} [[PLO]] (1975–83)<br/> |
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{{flagicon image|Flag of ASALA.png}} [[Angkatan Darat Rahasia Armenia untuk Pembebasan Armenia|ASALA]] |
{{flagicon image|Flag of ASALA.png}} [[Angkatan Darat Rahasia Armenia untuk Pembebasan Armenia|ASALA]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 23 Juli 2024 01.52
Perang Saudara Lebanon | |||||||||||
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Bagian dari Perang Dingin, Perang Dingin Arab, konflik Arab-Israel, dan konflik proksi Iran–Israel | |||||||||||
Kiri ke kanan dari atas Monumen di Alun-Alun Martir di kota Beirut; USS New Jersey menembakkan salvo di lepas pantai Lebanon; Kedutaan Besar Amerika yang hancur di Beirut tak lama setelah Pengeboman Hizbullah tahun 1983; Holiday Inn Beirut yang hancur tak lama setelah Pertempuran Hotel; aksi unjuk rasa Palestina mendukung Fatah di Beirut. | |||||||||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||||||||
Tentara Lebanon Merdeka (hingga 1977) SLA (dari 1978) Israel (dari 1978) Milisi Harimau (hingga 1980) |
(1975–1982) Jammoul (1982–1990)
Hizbullah (1985–1990) Islamic Unification Movement (dari 1982) |
(1976, 1983–1991) Gerakan Amal PNSF Brigade Marada (meninggalkan LF pada tahun 1978; bersekutu dengan Suriah) |
UNIFIL (sejak 1978) Pasukan Penghadang Arab (1976–1982)[2] Daftar
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Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||||||
Bachir Gemayel † Dany Chamoun † |
Kamal Jumblatt † Subhi al-Tufayli Said Shaaban |
Hafez al-Assad Mustafa Tlass Nabih Berri Tony Frangieh † |
Emmanuel Erskine William O'Callaghan Gustav Hägglund Timothy J. Geraghty | ||||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||||||
30,000 pasukan 3,000+ pasukan (AFL) 5,000 pasukan (SLA) 78,000 pasukan |
18,700 pasukan (1975) 18,000 pasukan 4,400 pasukan (LAA) |
25,000 pasukan (1976)[2] 16,000 pasukan |
50,000 pasukan 1.200 pasukan[2] 1.000 pasukan[2] 1.000 pasukan[2] 700 pasukan[2] 700 pasukan[2] | ||||||||
120.000-150.000 orang terbunuh[5] |
Perang Saudara Lebanon (bahasa Arab: الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية) adalah perang saudara yang meletus di Lebanon. Perang ini berlangsung dari tahun 1975 hingga 1990 dan mengakibatkan 130.000 hingga 250.000 penduduk tewas.
Tidak ada konsensus di antara ahli dan peneliti mengenai apa yang menyebabkan Perang Saudara Lebanon. Keterlibatan Suriah, Israel, Amerika Serikat dan Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina memperburuk konflik. Setelah pertempuran berakhir sebentar pada tahun 1976 karena mediasi Liga Arab dan intervensi Suriah, perselisihan Palestina-Lebanon berlanjut, dengan pertempuran terpusat di Lebanon Selatan.
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Pertempuran terakhir terjadi adalah Pertempuran Sidon (1991) pada tanggal 2-6 Juli 1991 antara pemerintah Lebanon dan Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina karena penolakan pemerintah Lebanon terhadap Perjanjian Taif.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "The Hizballah-North Korean Nexus" (PDF). Small Wals Journal.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mays, Terry M. Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996, pp. 9–10
- ^ "The Taif Agreement" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 17 April 2018. Diakses tanggal 9 August 2017.
- ^ Ranstorp, Magnus, Hizb'allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997, p. 105
- ^ World Political Almanac, 3rd ed., Chris Cook.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Center for Lebanese Study Diarsipkan 2005-02-08 di Wayback Machine.-Oxford University
- Country Profile: Lebanon-BBC News
- Timeline: Lebanon A chronology of key events-BBC News 14 February 2005
- A detailed chronology on the Lebanese War Diarsipkan 2009-10-19 di Stanford Web Archive-Cederland
- NOW Lebanon - Resources and documentation