Kungkang darat: Perbedaan antara revisi

Kungkang darat; Rentang waktu: 35–0.005 jtyl PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Eosen Akhir – Holosen
	Pajangan AMNH (dari kiri) Megalocnus rodens, Scelidotherium cuvieri, Megalonyx wheatleyi, Glossotherium robustus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Mammalia
Superordo:	Xenarthra
Ordo:	Pilosa
Subordo:	Folivora (partim)
Famili
	†Megalonychidae (sebagian); †Megalocnidae; †Megatheriidae; †Nothrotheriidae; †Mylodontidae; †Scelidotheriidae;

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Revisi terkini sejak 30 Maret 2024 13.34

Kungkang darat adalah sekelompok besar kungkang yang sudah punah, dalam superordo mamalia Xenarthra. Mereka telah punah baru-baru ini pada tahun 1550 SM di Hispaniola dan Kuba,^[1] tetapi banyak di antaranya yang lebih lama punah di dataran Amerika Utara dan Amerika Selatan. Sebutan "kungkang darat" digunakan untuk sejumlah jenis kungkang punah karena spesies yang pertama ditemukan berukuran besar, berbeda dengan "kungkang pohon modern". Tetapi, tidak semua kungkang punah benar-benar hidup di atas tanah di habitatnya.^[2]

Keluarga

Paleontolog membagi lebih dari 80 genera kungkang darat dalam beberapa famili.^[3]

Dalam kriptozoologi

Kriptozoolog kadang mengidentifikasi mapinguari, makhluk hutan legenda di dataran Utara Amazon, dengan kungkang darat tropis.

Referensi

^ R.M. Nowak (1999)
^ J.L. White (1993)
^ Modified from McKenna & Bell (1997)

Sumber

Cuvier, G. (1796): Notice sur le squellette d'une très grande espèce de quadrupède inconnue jusqu'à présent, trouvé au Paraquay, et déposé au cabinet d'histoire naturelle de Madrid. Magasin encyopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts (1): 303-310; (2): 227-228.
De Iuliis, G. & Cartelle, C. (1999): A new giant megatheriine ground sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the late Blancan to early Irvingtonian of Florida. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 127(4): 495-515.
Harrington, C.R. (1993): Yukon Beringia Interpretive Center - Jefferson's Ground Sloth Diarsipkan 2003-12-06 di Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 2008-JAN-24.
Hogan, C.M. (2008): Cueva del Milodon, Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 2008-APR-13
Kurtén, Björn and Anderson, Elaine (1980): Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia University Press, New York.ISBN 0-231-03733-3
McKenna, Malcolm C. & Bell, Susan K. (1997): Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York.ISBN 0-231-11013-8
Nowak, R.M. (1999): Walker's Mammals of the World (Vol. 2). Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
White, J.L. (1993): Indicators of locomotor habits in Xenarthrans: Evidence for locomotor heterogeneity among fossil sloths. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 13(2): 230-242.
White, J.L. & MacPhee, R.D.E. (2001): The sloths of the West Indies: a systematic and phylogenetic review. In: Woods, C.A. & Sergile, F.E. (eds.): Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives: 201-235.
Woodward, A.S. (1900): On some remains of Grypotherium (Neomylodon) listai and associated mammals from a cavern near Consuelo Cove, Last Hope Inlet. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900(5): 64-79.

Pranala luar

Sloth World: An Online Sloth Bibliography.
Picture and information about a ground sloth skeleton on display at the University of Georgia's Science Library. Diarsipkan 2007-05-29 di Wayback Machine.
Academy of Natural Sciences ground sloth page. Diarsipkan 2006-08-23 di Wayback Machine.
Illinois State Museum ground sloth page.
Ground sloths at La Brea. Diarsipkan 2004-02-06 di Wayback Machine.
Eremotherium in Florida. Diarsipkan 2006-09-07 di Wayback Machine.
Have some ground sloths survived in Argentina?
Ground sloths in general. Diarsipkan 2003-12-06 di Wayback Machine.
Western Center for Archaeology and Paleontology Hemet, CA

[1] R.M. Nowak (1999)

[J.L._White_1993-2] J.L. White (1993)

[3] Modified from McKenna & Bell (1997)

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{{short description|Hewan yang termasuk dalam kelompok yang berisi spesies-spesies kungkang punah}}
 {{Taxobox
-| name = Ground sloths
+| name = Kungkang darat
-| fossil_range = [[Oligocene]] - [[Holocene]]
+| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|35|0.005}}<small>[[Eosen]] Akhir –  [[Holosen]]</small>
-| image = Glossotherium harlani p1350719.jpg
+| image = Ground sloths.jpg
+| image_caption = Pajangan [[Museum Sejarah Alam Amerika|AMNH]] (dari kiri) ''[[Megalocnus]] rodens'', ''[[Scelidotherium]] cuvieri'', ''[[Megalonyx]] wheatleyi'', ''[[Glossotherium]] robustus''
-| image_width = 240px
+| regnum = [[Animalia]]
-| image_caption = Kukang Darat Harlan (''[[Paramylodon harlani]]''), sejenis [[Mylodontidae|mylodontid]]
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
 | phylum = [[Chordata]]
-| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
+| classis = [[Mammalia]]
-| subclassis = [[Theria]]
-| infraclassis = [[Eutheria]]
 | superordo = [[Xenarthra]]
 | ordo = [[Pilosa]]
 | subordo = [[Folivora]] <small>(''partim'')</small>
-| subdivision_ranks = [[Family (biology)|Families]]
+| subdivision_ranks = [[Famili (biologi)|Famili]]
 | subdivision =
+* †[[Megalonychidae]] (sebagian)
-* [[Bradypodidae]]
-* [[Megalonychidae]]
+* †[[Megalocnidae]]
 * †[[Megatheriidae]]
+* †[[Nothrotheriidae]]
 * †[[Mylodontidae]]
-* †[[Orophodontidae]]
 * †[[Scelidotheriidae]]
 }}
-'''Kukang Darat''' adalah sekelompok besar [[kukang]] yang sudah [[punah]], dalam [[superordo]] [[mamalia]] [[Xenarthra]]. Mereka telah punah baru-baru ini pada 1550 SM di [[Hispaniola]] dan [[Kuba]],<ref>R.M. Nowak (1999)</ref>  tapi banyak yang lebih lama punah di dataran [[Amerika Utara]] dan [[Amerika Selatan]]. Sebutan "kukang darat" digunakan untuk semua jenis kukang punah karena spesies yang pertama ditemukan berukuran besar, berbeda dengan "kukang pohon" modern."  Tetapi, tidak semua kukang punah benar-benar hidup di atas tanah di alamnya.<ref name="J.L. White 1993">J.L. White (1993)</ref>
+'''Kungkang darat''' adalah sekelompok besar [[kungkang]] yang sudah [[punah]], dalam [[superordo]] [[mamalia]] [[Xenarthra]]. Mereka telah punah baru-baru ini pada tahun 1550 SM di [[Hispaniola]] dan [[Kuba]],<ref>R.M. Nowak (1999)</ref> tetapi banyak di antaranya yang lebih lama punah di dataran [[Amerika Utara]] dan [[Amerika Selatan]]. Sebutan "kungkang darat" digunakan untuk sejumlah jenis kungkang punah karena spesies yang pertama ditemukan berukuran besar, berbeda dengan "kungkang pohon modern". Tetapi, tidak semua kungkang punah benar-benar hidup di atas tanah di habitatnya.<ref name="J.L. White 1993">J.L. White (1993)</ref>
 == Keluarga ==
-[[Paleontolog]] membagi lebih dari 80 [[genera]] kukang darat dalam beberapa [[famili (biology)|keluarga]].<ref>Modified from McKenna & Bell (1997)</ref>
+[[Paleontolog]] membagi lebih dari 80 [[Genus|genera]] kungkang darat dalam beberapa [[famili (biologi)|famili]].<ref>Modified from McKenna & Bell (1997)</ref>
-== Dalam cryptozoology ==
+== Dalam kriptozoologi ==
+[[Kriptozoologi|Kriptozoolog]] kadang mengidentifikasi ''[[mapinguari]]'', makhluk hutan legenda di dataran Utara [[Amazon]], dengan kungkang darat tropis.
+== Referensi ==
-[[Cryptozoology|Cryptozoologists]] kadang menidentifikasi ''[[mapinguari]]'', makhluk hutan legenda di dataran Utara [[Amazon]], dengan kukang darat tropis.
-== Catatan Kaki ==
 {{reflist}}
 == Sumber ==
-*{{aut|Cuvier, G.}} (1796): Notice sur le squellette d'une très grande espèce de quadrupède inconnue jusqu'à présent, trouvé au Paraquay, et déposé au cabinet d'histoire naturelle de Madrid.  ''Magasin encyopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts'' (1): 303-310; (2): 227-228.
+* {{aut|Cuvier, G.}} (1796): Notice sur le squellette d'une très grande espèce de quadrupède inconnue jusqu'à présent, trouvé au Paraquay, et déposé au cabinet d'histoire naturelle de Madrid. ''Magasin encyopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts'' (1): 303-310; (2): 227-228.
 * {{aut|De Iuliis, G. & Cartelle, C.}} (1999): A new giant megatheriine ground sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the late Blancan to early Irvingtonian of Florida. ''[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|Zool. J. Linn. Soc.]]'' '''127'''(4): 495-515.
-* {{aut|Harrington, C.R.}} (1993): [http://www.beringia.com/02/02maina1.html Yukon Beringia Interpretive Center - Jefferson's Ground Sloth]. Retrieved 2008-JAN-24.
+* {{aut|Harrington, C.R.}} (1993): [http://www.beringia.com/02/02maina1.html Yukon Beringia Interpretive Center - Jefferson's Ground Sloth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031206051103/http://www.beringia.com/02/02maina1.html |date=2003-12-06 }}. Retrieved 2008-JAN-24.
 * {{aut|Hogan, C.M.}} (2008): [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18820 ''Cueva del Milodon'', Megalithic Portal]. Retrieved 2008-APR-13
-* {{aut|Kurtén, Björn and Anderson, Elaine}} (1980): ''Pleistocene Mammals of North America.'' Columbia University Press, New York. <small>ISBN 0-231-03733-3</small>
+* {{aut|Kurtén, Björn and Anderson, Elaine}} (1980): ''Pleistocene Mammals of North America.'' [[Columbia University Press]], New York.<small>ISBN 0-231-03733-3</small>
-* {{aut|McKenna, Malcolm C. & Bell, Susan K.}} (1997): ''Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.'' Columbia University Press, New York. <small>ISBN 0-231-11013-8</small>
+* {{aut|McKenna, Malcolm C. & Bell, Susan K.}} (1997): ''Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.'' Columbia University Press, New York.<small>ISBN 0-231-11013-8</small>
 * {{aut|Nowak, R.M.}} (1999): ''Walker's Mammals of the World'' (Vol. 2). Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
-* {{aut|White, J.L.}} (1993): Indicators of locomotor habits in Xenarthrans: Evidence for locomotor heterogeneity among fossil sloths.  Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 13(2): 230-242.
+* {{aut|White, J.L.}} (1993): Indicators of locomotor habits in Xenarthrans: Evidence for locomotor heterogeneity among [[Fosil|fossil]] sloths. Journal of [[Vertebrata|Vertebrate]] Paleontology, 13(2): 230-242.
 * {{aut|White, J.L. & MacPhee, R.D.E.}} (2001): The sloths of the West Indies: a systematic and phylogenetic review. ''In: {{aut|Woods, C.A. & Sergile, F.E. (eds.)}}: ''Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives'': 201-235.
-*{{aut|Woodward, A.S.}} (1900): On some remains of Grypotherium (Neomylodon) listai and associated mammals from a cavern near Consuelo Cove, Last Hope Inlet.  ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'', '''1900'''(5): 64-79.
+* {{aut|Woodward, A.S.}} (1900): On some remains of Grypotherium (Neomylodon) listai and associated mammals from a cavern near Consuelo Cove, Last Hope Inlet. ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'', '''1900'''(5): 64-79.
 == Pranala luar ==
 {{commons|Ground Sloth}}
-*[http://www.sloth-world.org Sloth World: An Online Sloth Bibliography.]
+* [http://www.sloth-world.org Sloth World: An Online Sloth Bibliography.]
-*[http://www.libs.uga.edu/science/sloth.html Picture and information about a ground sloth skeleton on display at the University of Georgia's Science Library.]
+* [http://www.libs.uga.edu/science/sloth.html Picture and information about a ground sloth skeleton on display at the University of Georgia's Science Library.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529200608/http://www.libs.uga.edu/science/sloth.html |date=2007-05-29 }}
-*[http://www.acnatsci.org/museum/leidy/paleo/megalonyx.html Academy of Natural Sciences ground sloth page.]
+* [http://www.acnatsci.org/museum/leidy/paleo/megalonyx.html Academy of Natural Sciences ground sloth page.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823122149/http://www.acnatsci.org/museum/leidy/paleo/megalonyx.html |date=2006-08-23 }}
-*[http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/larson/sloth.html Illinois State Museum ground sloth page.]
+* [http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/larson/sloth.html Illinois State Museum ground sloth page.]
-*[http://www.tarpits.org/education/guide/flora/sloth.html Ground sloths at La Brea.]
+* [http://www.tarpits.org/education/guide/flora/sloth.html Ground sloths at La Brea.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040206222938/http://www.tarpits.org/education/guide/flora/sloth.html |date=2004-02-06 }}
-*[http://news.ufl.edu/2000/06/20/sloth/ ''Eremotherium'' in Florida.]
+* [http://news.ufl.edu/2000/06/20/sloth/ ''Eremotherium'' in Florida.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907012851/http://news.ufl.edu/2000/06/20/sloth/ |date=2006-09-07 }}
-*[http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/sloth.htm Have some ground sloths survived in Argentina?]
+* [http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/sloth.htm Have some ground sloths survived in Argentina?]
-*[http://www.beringia.com/02/02maina1.html Ground sloths in general.]
+* [http://www.beringia.com/02/02maina1.html Ground sloths in general.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031206051103/http://www.beringia.com/02/02maina1.html |date=2003-12-06 }}
-*[http://www.westerncentermuseum.org Western Center for Archaeology and Paleontology] Hemet, CA
+* [http://www.westerncentermuseum.org Western Center for Archaeology and Paleontology] Hemet, CA
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q933583}}
-[[Kategori:Kukang Prasejarah]]
 [[Kategori:Mamalia Oligosen]]
 [[Kategori:Mamalia Miosen]]
 [[Kategori:Mamalia Pliosen]]
-[[Kategori:Mamalia Plestosen]]
+[[Kategori:Kepunahan Pleistosen]]
-[[Kategori:Mamalia Prasejarah dari Amerika Selatan]]
+[[Kategori:Mamalia prasejarah]]
-[[Kategori:Megafauna dari Amerika Selatan]]
+[[Kategori:Megafauna Amerika Selatan]]
 [[Kategori:Organisme Gua Punah]]
+[[Kategori:Mamalia Plestosen]]
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