Pengeboman Tokyo: Perbedaan antara revisi
k bot Mengubah: sv:Bombningen av Tokyo |
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(27 revisi perantara oleh 15 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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{{Infobox military conflict |
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|conflict=Pengeboman Tokyo |
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[[Berkas: |
|image=[[Berkas:Firebombing of Tokyo.jpg|250px]] |
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|caption=Tokyo terbakar hebat akibat serangan bom api dari pesawat pengebom B-29, 26 Mei 1945 |
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|partof=[[Perang Pasifik]] |
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|date=1942-1945 |
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|place=[[Tokyo]],[[Kekaisaran Jepang]] |
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|coordinates= |
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|result=Kemenangan {{flagicon|United States|1912}}[[Amerika Serikat]] |
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|combatant1={{flag|United States|1912}} |
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|combatant2={{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] |
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|commander1= |
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|commander2= |
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|strength1=325 pembom<br />(279 pembom melebihi target) |strength2=Sekitar 638 senjata antipesawat<br />90 pesawat tempur<br />8.000 petugas pemadam kebakaran profesional dan sipil |
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|casualties1=43 pesawat hancur |
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|casualties2=80.000 hingga 130.000 warga sipil tewas (perkiraan paling umum)<br />Lebih dari satu juta orang kehilangan tempat tinggal<br />267.171 bangunan hancur |
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}} |
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[[Berkas:Tokyo kushu 1945-2.jpg|200px|jmpl]] |
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Amerika Serikat melakukan serangan udara skala kecil terhadap Tokyo pada bulan April 1942 yang berdampak moral besar. Pengeboman strategis dan pengeboman kawasan perkotaan dimulai pada tahun 1944 setelah mulai berdinasnya pesawat pengebom [[B-29 Superfortress]], awalnya diterbangkan dari pangkalan di Cina dan selanjutnya dari Kepulauan Mariana. Serangan udara B-29 asal Mariana dimulai pada 17 November 1944 dan berlangsung hingga 15 Agustus 1945, pada hari [[Kapitulasi Jepang]].<ref>Craven, Wesley Frank, and James Lea Cate, eds. The Army Air Forces in World War II, Volume Five, the Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953, page 558.</ref> Serangan udara bersandi Operasi Meetinghouse 9-10 Maret 1945 di kemudian hari diperkirakan sebagai serangan pengeboman tunggal yang paling destruktif dalam sejarah. |
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== Lihat pula == |
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* [[Serangan bom atom Hiroshima dan Nagasaki]] |
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* [[Serangan udara di Jepang]] |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Coffey |
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|first = Thomas M. |
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|authorlink = |
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|year = 1987 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = Iron Eagle: The Turbulent Life of General Curtis LeMay |
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|publisher = Random House Value Publishing |
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|location = |
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|id = ISBN 0-517-55188-8 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Crane |
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|first = Conrad C. |
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|authorlink = |
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|year = 1994 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = The cigar that brought the fire wind: Curtis LeMay and the strategic bombing of Japan |
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|publisher = JGSDF-U.S. Army Military History Exchange |
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|location = |
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|id = ASIN B0006PGEIQ |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Frank |
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|first = Richard B. |
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|authorlink = Richard B. Frank |
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|year = 2001 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire |
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|publisher = Penguin |
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|location = |
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|id = ISBN 0-14-100146-1 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Grayling |
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|first = A. C. |
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|authorlink = A. C. Grayling |
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|year = 2006 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = Among the Dead Cities |
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|publisher = Walker Publishing Company Inc. |
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|location = New York |
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|id = ISBN 0-8027-1471-4 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Greer |
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|first = Ron |
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|authorlink = |
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|year = 2005 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = Fire from the Sky: A Diary Over Japan |
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|url = https://archive.org/details/firefromskydiary0000rong |
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|publisher = Greer Publishing |
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|location = Jacksonville, Arkansas, U.S.A. |
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|id = ISBN 0-9768712-0-3 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Guillian |
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|first = Robert |
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|authorlink = |
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|year = 1982 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = I Saw Tokyo Burning: An Eyewitness Narrative from Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima |
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|publisher = Jove Pubns |
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|location = |
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|id = ISBN 0-86721-223-3 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Lemay |
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|first = Curtis E. |
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|authorlink = |
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|coauthors = Bill Yenne |
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|year = 1988 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = Superfortress: The Story of the B-29 and American Air Power |
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|publisher = McGraw-Hill Companies |
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|location = |
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|id = ISBN 0-07-037164-4 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = McGowen |
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|first = Tom |
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|authorlink = |
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|year = 2001 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = Air Raid!:The Bombing Campaign |
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|url = https://archive.org/details/airraidbombingca0000mcgo |
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|publisher = Twenty-First Century Books |
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|location = Brookfield, Connecticut, U.S.A. |
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|id = ISBN 0-7613-1810-0 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Shannon |
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|first = Donald H. |
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|authorlink = |
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|year = 1976 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = United States air strategy and doctrine as employed in the strategic bombing of Japan |
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|publisher = U.S. Air University, Air War College |
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|location = |
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|id = ASIN B0006WCQ86 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Smith |
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|first = Jim |
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|authorlink = |
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|coauthors = Malcolm Mcconnell |
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|year = 2002 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = The Last Mission: The Secret History of World War II's Final Battle |
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|url = https://archive.org/details/lastmissionsecre0000smit |
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|publisher = Broadway |
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|location = |
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|id = ISBN 0-7679-0778-7 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last = Werrell |
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|first = Kenneth P. |
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|authorlink = |
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|coauthors = |
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|year = 1998 |
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|chapter = |
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|title = Blankets of Fire |
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|publisher = Smithsonian |
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|location = |
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|id = ISBN 1-56098-871-1 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Commonscat|Bombing of Tokyo 1945}} |
{{Commonscat|Bombing of Tokyo 1945}} |
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* [http://www.ditext.com/japan/napalm.html 67 Japanese cities firebombed in World War II] |
* [http://www.ditext.com/japan/napalm.html 67 Japanese cities firebombed in World War II] |
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* [http://history.independence.co.jp/ww2/eng/phtop.html B29 Air Raid on Japanese Cities], with photo gallery |
* [http://history.independence.co.jp/ww2/eng/phtop.html B29 Air Raid on Japanese Cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903184303/http://history.independence.co.jp/ww2/eng/phtop.html |date=2006-09-03 }}, with photo gallery |
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* [http://www.usaaf.net/ww2/hittinghome/hittinghomepg5.htm Army Air Forces in World War II] |
* [http://www.usaaf.net/ww2/hittinghome/hittinghomepg5.htm Army Air Forces in World War II] |
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* {{cite web |
* {{cite web |
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| last = Barrell |
| last = Barrell |
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| first = Tony |
| first = Tony |
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| authorlink = |
| authorlink = |
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| coauthors = |
| coauthors = |
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| date = |
| date = |
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| year = 1997 |
| year = 1997 |
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| month = |
| month = |
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| url = http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/tokyosum.htm |
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/tokyosum.htm |
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| title = Tokyo's Burning |
| title = Tokyo's Burning |
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| format = |
| format = |
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| work = ABC Online |
| work = ABC Online |
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| pages = |
| pages = |
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| publisher = Australian Broadcasting Corporation |
| publisher = Australian Broadcasting Corporation |
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| language = |
| language = |
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| accessdate = 2006-11-03 |
| accessdate = 2006-11-03 |
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| accessyear = |
| accessyear = |
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| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/19970803191130/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/tokyosum.htm |
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| archivedate = 1997-08-03 |
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| dead-url = no |
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}}- Transcript of a radio documentary/commentary on the Tokyo firebombing with excerpts from interviews with participants and witnesses. |
}}- Transcript of a radio documentary/commentary on the Tokyo firebombing with excerpts from interviews with participants and witnesses. |
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* {{cite web |
* {{cite web |
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| accessyear = 2006 |
| accessyear = 2006 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tokyo}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tokyo}} |
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[[az:Tokio Bombardmanı]] |
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{{Uncategorized stub|date=Januari 2023}} |
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[[bg:Бомбардиране на Токио]] |
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[[de:Luftangriffe auf Tokio]] |
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[[en:Bombing of Tokyo]] |
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[[es:Bombardeo de Tokio]] |
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[[fr:Bombardement de Tōkyō]] |
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[[it:Bombardamenti di Tokyo nella seconda guerra mondiale]] |
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[[ja:東京大空襲]] |
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[[ko:도쿄 대공습]] |
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[[nl:Bombardement op Tokio]] |
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[[pl:Naloty na Tokio]] |
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[[ru:Бомбардировка Токио 10 марта 1945 года]] |
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[[sv:Bombningen av Tokyo]] |
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[[tr:Tokyo Bombardımanı]] |
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[[vi:Trận ném bom Tokyo]] |
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[[zh:東京大轟炸]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 11 Desember 2023 06.28
Pengeboman Tokyo | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagian dari Perang Pasifik | |||||||
Tokyo terbakar hebat akibat serangan bom api dari pesawat pengebom B-29, 26 Mei 1945 | |||||||
| |||||||
Pihak terlibat | |||||||
United States | Kekaisaran Jepang | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
325 pembom (279 pembom melebihi target) |
Sekitar 638 senjata antipesawat 90 pesawat tempur 8.000 petugas pemadam kebakaran profesional dan sipil | ||||||
Korban | |||||||
43 pesawat hancur |
80.000 hingga 130.000 warga sipil tewas (perkiraan paling umum) Lebih dari satu juta orang kehilangan tempat tinggal 267.171 bangunan hancur |
Pengeboman Tokyo adalah pengeboman kota Tokyo, ibu kota kekaisaran Jepang yang dilakukan oleh Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat. Pengeboman ini dilakukan beberapa kali selama Perang Pasifik Perang Dunia II.
Amerika Serikat melakukan serangan udara skala kecil terhadap Tokyo pada bulan April 1942 yang berdampak moral besar. Pengeboman strategis dan pengeboman kawasan perkotaan dimulai pada tahun 1944 setelah mulai berdinasnya pesawat pengebom B-29 Superfortress, awalnya diterbangkan dari pangkalan di Cina dan selanjutnya dari Kepulauan Mariana. Serangan udara B-29 asal Mariana dimulai pada 17 November 1944 dan berlangsung hingga 15 Agustus 1945, pada hari Kapitulasi Jepang.[1] Serangan udara bersandi Operasi Meetinghouse 9-10 Maret 1945 di kemudian hari diperkirakan sebagai serangan pengeboman tunggal yang paling destruktif dalam sejarah.
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Craven, Wesley Frank, and James Lea Cate, eds. The Army Air Forces in World War II, Volume Five, the Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953, page 558.
- Coffey, Thomas M. (1987). Iron Eagle: The Turbulent Life of General Curtis LeMay. Random House Value Publishing. ISBN 0-517-55188-8.
- Crane, Conrad C. (1994). The cigar that brought the fire wind: Curtis LeMay and the strategic bombing of Japan. JGSDF-U.S. Army Military History Exchange. ASIN B0006PGEIQ.
- Frank, Richard B. (2001). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-100146-1.
- Grayling, A. C. (2006). Among the Dead Cities. New York: Walker Publishing Company Inc. ISBN 0-8027-1471-4.
- Greer, Ron (2005). Fire from the Sky: A Diary Over Japan. Jacksonville, Arkansas, U.S.A.: Greer Publishing. ISBN 0-9768712-0-3.
- Guillian, Robert (1982). I Saw Tokyo Burning: An Eyewitness Narrative from Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. Jove Pubns. ISBN 0-86721-223-3.
- Lemay, Curtis E. (1988). Superfortress: The Story of the B-29 and American Air Power. McGraw-Hill Companies. ISBN 0-07-037164-4.
- McGowen, Tom (2001). Air Raid!:The Bombing Campaign. Brookfield, Connecticut, U.S.A.: Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1810-0.
- Shannon, Donald H. (1976). United States air strategy and doctrine as employed in the strategic bombing of Japan. U.S. Air University, Air War College. ASIN B0006WCQ86.
- Smith, Jim (2002). The Last Mission: The Secret History of World War II's Final Battle. Broadway. ISBN 0-7679-0778-7.
- Werrell, Kenneth P. (1998). Blankets of Fire. Smithsonian. ISBN 1-56098-871-1.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- 67 Japanese cities firebombed in World War II
- B29 Air Raid on Japanese Cities Diarsipkan 2006-09-03 di Wayback Machine., with photo gallery
- Army Air Forces in World War II
- Barrell, Tony (1997). "Tokyo's Burning". ABC Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1997-08-03. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-03.- Transcript of a radio documentary/commentary on the Tokyo firebombing with excerpts from interviews with participants and witnesses.
- Craven, Wesley Frank. "Vol. V: The Pacific: MATTERHORN to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945". The Army Air Forces in World War II. U.S. Office of Air Force History. Diakses tanggal December 12.
- Hansell, Jr., Haywood S. (1986). "The Strategic Air War Against Germany and Japan: A Memoir". Project Warrior Studies. U.S. Office of Air Force History. Diakses tanggal December 12.
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