Pertempuran Granikos: Perbedaan antara revisi
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date=Mei, [[334 SM]]| |
date=Mei, [[334 SM]]| |
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place=Sungai Granikos (''[[Biga Çayı]]'' modern), [[Turki]]| |
place=Sungai Granikos (''[[Biga Çayı]]'' modern), [[Turki]]| |
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result=Kemenangan [[ |
result=Kemenangan [[Yunani Kuno|Yunani]]| |
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territory=Aleksander memperoleh setengah Asia Minor.| |
territory=Aleksander memperoleh setengah Asia Minor.| |
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combatant1=[[Makedonia]] |
combatant1=[[File:Vergina Sun WIPO.svg|18px]] [[Makedonia (kerajaan kuno)|Makedonia]]{{br}}[[Liga Korinthos|Liga Hellenik]]| |
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combatant2=[[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah]],<br>tentara bayaran Yunani| |
combatant2=[[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah]],<br />tentara bayaran Yunani| |
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commander1=[[Aleksander Agung]]< |
commander1=[[Aleksander Agung]]<br />[[Parmenion]]<br />[[Kleitos si Hitam]]| |
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commander2=[[Arsames (jenderal Persia)|Arsames]]< |
commander2=[[Arsames (jenderal Persia)|Arsames]]<br />[[Reomithres]]<br />[[Niphates (jenderal Persia)|Niphates]] †<br />[[Petines]] †<br />[[Spithridates]] †<br />[[Mithrobarzanes]] †<br />[[Arbupales]] †<br />[[Mithridates dari Persia|Mithridates]] †<br />[[Pharnaces]] †<br />[[Omares]] †<br />[[Arsites]] †<br />[[Rhoesaces]] †<br />[[Memnon dari Rodos]]<br />dan lain-lain| |
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strength1=20,000 [[peltast]]<ref name=Welman1>Welman memperkirakan pasukan Makedonia berjumlah 47,000 praurit.</ref><br>22,000 [[infantri]] berat<ref name=Moerbeek>Moerbeek (1997).</ref><br>5,000 [[kavaleri]]<ref name=Moerbeek/>| |
strength1=20,000 [[peltast]]<ref name=Welman1>Welman memperkirakan pasukan Makedonia berjumlah 47,000 praurit.</ref><br />22,000 [[infantri]] berat<ref name=Moerbeek>Moerbeek (1997).</ref><br />5,000 [[kavaleri]]<ref name=Moerbeek/>| |
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strength2=9,500 [[peltast]]<ref name=Moerbeek/><br>5,000 [[hoplite]] Yunani<ref name=Welman2/><br>10,000 [[kavaleri]]<ref name=Welman2>Welman memperkirakan pasukan Persia berjumlah 25,000 prajurit, termasuk 10,000 kavaleri dan 5,000 tentara bayaran Yunani. Fuller (1960) memperkirakan jumlah pasukan Persia 15,000 prajurit. Delbrück (1920) memperkirakan sedikitnya 6,000 prajurit.</ref>| |
strength2=9,500 [[peltast]]<ref name=Moerbeek/><br />5,000 [[hoplite]] Yunani<ref name=Welman2/><br />10,000 [[kavaleri]]<ref name=Welman2>Welman memperkirakan pasukan Persia berjumlah 25,000 prajurit, termasuk 10,000 kavaleri dan 5,000 tentara bayaran Yunani. Fuller (1960) memperkirakan jumlah pasukan Persia 15,000 prajurit. Delbrück (1920) memperkirakan sedikitnya 6,000 prajurit.</ref>| |
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casualties1=300 sampai 400<ref name=Arrian>http://books.google.ca/books?id=31chAAAAMAAJ&dq=companion+cavalry&pg=PA317&ci=75,1394,426,220&source=bookclip “A History of Greece From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great” By George Grote</ref><br>1,150-1,380 sampai 3,500-4,200 terluka<ref name=Arrian>Arrian in describing another battle considers that the proportion of twelve to one between wounded and killed is above what could have been expected v 24 8 Riiatow and Kbchly p 27 state that in modern battles the ordinary proportion of wounded to killed is from 8:1 to 10:1 <http://books.google.ca/books?id=31chAAAAMAAJ&dq=companion+cavalry&pg=PA317&ci=75,1394,426,220&source=bookclip> “A History of Greece From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great” By George Grote</ref>| |
casualties1=300 sampai 400<ref name=Arrian>http://books.google.ca/books?id=31chAAAAMAAJ&dq=companion+cavalry&pg=PA317&ci=75,1394,426,220&source=bookclip “A History of Greece From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great” By George Grote</ref><br />1,150-1,380 sampai 3,500-4,200 terluka<ref name=Arrian>Arrian in describing another battle considers that the proportion of twelve to one between wounded and killed is above what could have been expected v 24 8 Riiatow and Kbchly p 27 state that in modern battles the ordinary proportion of wounded to killed is from 8:1 to 10:1 <http://books.google.ca/books?id=31chAAAAMAAJ&dq=companion+cavalry&pg=PA317&ci=75,1394,426,220&source=bookclip> “A History of Greece From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great” By George Grote</ref>| |
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casualties2=3,000 [[infantri]],<ref name="Arrian 1.16.45 - 50">Arrian 1.16.45 - 50</ref><br> 1,000 [[kavaleri]],<ref name="Arrian 1.16.45 - 50"/><br>2,000 ditawan<ref name="Arrian 1.16.45 - 50"/>| |
casualties2=3,000 [[infantri]],<ref name="Arrian 1.16.45 - 50">Arrian 1.16.45 - 50</ref><br /> 1,000 [[kavaleri]],<ref name="Arrian 1.16.45 - 50"/><br />2,000 ditawan<ref name="Arrian 1.16.45 - 50"/>| |
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'''Pertempuran Sungai Granikos''' adalah pertempuran yang berlangsung pada bulan Mei tahun [[334 SM]] dan merupakan pertempuran besar pertama dan tiga pertempuran besar antara [[Aleksander Agung]] melawan [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Kekaisaran Persia]]. Terjadi di [[Asia Minor]] barat daya, di dekat situs [[Troya]], di sinilah Aleksander megalahkan pasukan [[satrap]] Persia di Asia Minor, termasuk sejumlah besar tentara bayaran dari Yunani yang dipimpin oleh [[Memnon dari Rodos]]. |
'''Pertempuran Sungai Granikos''' adalah pertempuran yang berlangsung pada bulan Mei tahun [[334 SM]] dan merupakan pertempuran besar pertama dan tiga pertempuran besar antara [[Aleksander Agung]] melawan [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Kekaisaran Persia]]. Terjadi di [[Asia Minor]] barat daya, di dekat situs [[Troya]], di sinilah Aleksander megalahkan [[Pasukan Akhemeniyah|pasukan]] [[satrap]] Persia di Asia Minor, termasuk sejumlah besar tentara bayaran dari Yunani yang dipimpin oleh [[Memnon dari Rodos]]. |
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Pertempuran terjadi di jalan dari [[Abydos, Hellespont|Abydos]] ke [[Daskylium]] (dekat [[Ergili]], [[Turki]] modern), di Sungai [[Granikos]] (''[[Biga Çayı]]'' modern). |
Pertempuran terjadi di jalan dari [[Abydos, Hellespont|Abydos]] ke [[Daskylium]] (dekat [[Ergili]], [[Turki]] modern), di Sungai [[Granikos]] (''[[Biga Çayı]]'' modern). |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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*Delbrück, Hans (1920). ''History of the Art of War''. University of Nebraska Press. Reprint edition, 1990. Translated by Walter, J. Renfroe. 4 Volumes. |
* Delbrück, Hans (1920). ''History of the Art of War''. University of Nebraska Press. Reprint edition, 1990. Translated by Walter, J. Renfroe. 4 Volumes. |
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*Engels, Donald W. (1978). ''Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army''. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London. |
* Engels, Donald W. (1978). ''Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army''. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London. |
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*[[J. F. C. Fuller|Fuller, John F. C.]] (1960). ''The Generalship of Alexander the Great. New Jersey: De Capo Press''. |
* [[J. F. C. Fuller|Fuller, John F. C.]] (1960). ''The Generalship of Alexander the Great. New Jersey: De Capo Press''. |
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*[[Peter Green (historian)|Green, Peter]] (1974). ''Alexander of Macedon: A Historical Biography''. |
* [[Peter Green (historian)|Green, Peter]] (1974). ''Alexander of Macedon: A Historical Biography''. |
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*Moerbeek, Martijn (1997). [http://monolith.dnsalias.org/~marsares/warfare/battle/granicus.html The battle of Granicus, 333 BC.] [[Universiteit Twente]]. |
* Moerbeek, Martijn (1997). [http://monolith.dnsalias.org/~marsares/warfare/battle/granicus.html The battle of Granicus, 333 BC.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322002446/http://monolith.dnsalias.org/~marsares/warfare/battle/granicus.html |date=2007-03-22 }} [[Universiteit Twente]]. |
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*Rogers, Guy (2004). ''Alexander: The Ambiguity of Greatness. New York: Random House''. |
* Rogers, Guy (2004). ''Alexander: The Ambiguity of Greatness. New York: Random House''. |
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*Warry, J. (1998), ''Warfare in the Classical World''. ISBN 1-84065-004-4. |
* Warry, J. (1998), ''Warfare in the Classical World''. ISBN 1-84065-004-4. |
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*Welman, Nick. [http://pothos.org/alexander.asp?paraID=95&keyword_id=8&title=Battles%20(Major) Battles (Major)] and [http://www.pothos.org/alexander.asp?ParaID=78 Army]. [[Fontys Hogescholen|Fontys University]]. |
* Welman, Nick. [http://pothos.org/alexander.asp?paraID=95&keyword_id=8&title=Battles%20(Major) Battles (Major)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902051302/http://pothos.org/alexander.asp?paraID=95&keyword_id=8&title=Battles%20(Major) |date=2007-09-02 }} and [http://www.pothos.org/alexander.asp?ParaID=78 Army] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030708052623/http://www.pothos.org/alexander.asp?ParaID=78 |date=2003-07-08 }}. [[Fontys Hogescholen|Fontys University]]. |
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== Lihat pula == |
== Lihat pula == |
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*[[Pertempuran Issus]] |
* [[Pertempuran Issus]] |
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{{Perang Aleksander}} |
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{{Coord|40|13|41|N|27|14|32|E|display=title|conflict=yes}} |
{{Coord|40|13|41|N|27|14|32|E|display=title|conflict=yes}} |
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[[Kategori:Pertempuran Aleksander Agung| |
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Aleksander Agung|Granikos]] |
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[[Kategori:334 SM]] |
[[Kategori:334 SM]] |
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[[Kategori:Pertempuran yang melibatkan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah]] |
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{{Link FA|fi}} |
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{{Link FA|ka}} |
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[[bg:Битка при Граник]] |
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[[ca:Batalla del Grànic]] |
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[[cs:Bitva u Gráníku]] |
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[[da:Slaget ved Granikos]] |
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[[de:Schlacht am Granikos]] |
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[[el:Μάχη του Γρανικού]] |
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[[en:Battle of the Granicus]] |
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[[es:Batalla del Gránico]] |
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[[fa:نبرد گرانیک یا گرانیکوس]] |
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[[fi:Granikosjoen taistelu]] |
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[[fr:Bataille du Granique]] |
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[[he:קרב גרניקוס]] |
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[[hr:Bitka kod Granika]] |
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[[it:Battaglia del Granico]] |
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[[ja:グラニコス川の戦い]] |
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[[ka:გრანიკუსის ბრძოლა]] |
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[[ko:그라니코스 전투]] |
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[[mk:Битка кај Граник]] |
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[[mn:Граникусын тулалдаан]] |
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[[nl:Slag aan de Granicus]] |
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[[no:Slaget om Granicus]] |
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[[pl:Bitwa nad Granikiem]] |
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[[pt:Batalha do Grânico]] |
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[[ru:Битва при Гранике]] |
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[[sh:Bitka na Graniku]] |
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[[sl:Bitka pri Graniku]] |
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[[sr:Битка код Граника]] |
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[[sv:Slaget vid Granikos]] |
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[[uk:Битва на річці Граник]] |
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[[zh:格拉尼庫斯河戰役]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 26 Desember 2023 13.50
| Pertempuran Granikos | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagian dari the Perang Aleksander Agung | |||||||||
 Pertempuran Sungai Granikos | |||||||||
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| Pihak terlibat | |||||||||
 MakedoniaLiga Hellenik |
Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah, tentara bayaran Yunani | ||||||||
| Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||||
|
Aleksander Agung Parmenion Kleitos si Hitam |
Arsames Reomithres Niphates † Petines † Spithridates † Mithrobarzanes † Arbupales † Mithridates † Pharnaces † Omares † Arsites † Rhoesaces † Memnon dari Rodos dan lain-lain | ||||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||||
|
20,000 peltast[1] 22,000 infantri berat[2] 5,000 kavaleri[2] |
9,500 peltast[2] 5,000 hoplite Yunani[3] 10,000 kavaleri[3] | ||||||||
| Korban | |||||||||
|
300 sampai 400[4] 1,150-1,380 sampai 3,500-4,200 terluka[4] |
3,000 infantri,[5] 1,000 kavaleri,[5] 2,000 ditawan[5] | ||||||||
Pertempuran Sungai Granikos adalah pertempuran yang berlangsung pada bulan Mei tahun 334 SM dan merupakan pertempuran besar pertama dan tiga pertempuran besar antara Aleksander Agung melawan Kekaisaran Persia. Terjadi di Asia Minor barat daya, di dekat situs Troya, di sinilah Aleksander megalahkan pasukan satrap Persia di Asia Minor, termasuk sejumlah besar tentara bayaran dari Yunani yang dipimpin oleh Memnon dari Rodos.
Pertempuran terjadi di jalan dari Abydos ke Daskylium (dekat Ergili, Turki modern), di Sungai Granikos (Biga Çayı modern).
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Welman memperkirakan pasukan Makedonia berjumlah 47,000 praurit.
- ^ a b c Moerbeek (1997).
- ^ a b Welman memperkirakan pasukan Persia berjumlah 25,000 prajurit, termasuk 10,000 kavaleri dan 5,000 tentara bayaran Yunani. Fuller (1960) memperkirakan jumlah pasukan Persia 15,000 prajurit. Delbrück (1920) memperkirakan sedikitnya 6,000 prajurit.
- ^ a b http://books.google.ca/books?id=31chAAAAMAAJ&dq=companion+cavalry&pg=PA317&ci=75,1394,426,220&source=bookclip “A History of Greece From the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great” By George Grote Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>tidak sah; nama "Arrian" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda - ^ a b c Arrian 1.16.45 - 50
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Delbrück, Hans (1920). History of the Art of War. University of Nebraska Press. Reprint edition, 1990. Translated by Walter, J. Renfroe. 4 Volumes.
- Engels, Donald W. (1978). Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London.
- Fuller, John F. C. (1960). The Generalship of Alexander the Great. New Jersey: De Capo Press.
- Green, Peter (1974). Alexander of Macedon: A Historical Biography.
- Moerbeek, Martijn (1997). The battle of Granicus, 333 BC. Diarsipkan 2007-03-22 di Wayback Machine. Universiteit Twente.
- Rogers, Guy (2004). Alexander: The Ambiguity of Greatness. New York: Random House.
- Warry, J. (1998), Warfare in the Classical World. ISBN 1-84065-004-4.
- Welman, Nick. Battles (Major) Diarsipkan 2007-09-02 di Wayback Machine. and Army Diarsipkan 2003-07-08 di Wayback Machine.. Fontys University.