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[[Berkas:STANISLAWA TOMCZYK.jpg|jmpl|Stanisława Tomczyk memperagakan Makro-PK dibawah kendali hipnosis oleh Julian Ochorowicz.]] |
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[[Berkas:Medium-Eva-Carriere-1912.jpg|thumb|Eva Carriere difoto pada tahun 1912 dengan cahaya muncul di antara tangannya.]] |
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'''Psikokinesis''' (dari [[bahasa Yunani]] ψυχή, "psyche", berarti ''pikiran, jiwa, hati, atau napas''; dan κίνησις, "kinesis", berarti ''gerak, gerakan''; harfiah "pikiran-gerakan"), adalah kemampuan memanipulasi sebuah objek fisik hanya dengan pikiran semata-mata. Sebuah objek, bisa berupa benda maupun tubuh dimanipulasi dari jarak jauh |
'''Psikokinesis''' (dari [[bahasa Yunani]] ψυχή, "psyche", berarti ''pikiran, jiwa, hati, atau napas''; dan κίνησις, "kinesis", berarti ''gerak, gerakan''; harfiah "pikiran-gerakan"), adalah kemampuan memanipulasi sebuah objek fisik hanya dengan pikiran semata-mata. Sebuah objek, bisa berupa benda maupun tubuh dimanipulasi dari jarak jauh. |
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Meskipun umumnya fenomena psikokinesis direncanakan. Namun ada juga fenomena psikokinesis yang terjadi dengan spontan. Menurut para ahli parapsikologi, jika berada dalam keadaan terancam bahaya atau ketakutan yang sangat, Kita bisa dengan serta merta mengeluarkan daya psikokinetik. Misalnya saja memecahkan kaca pada saat ketakutan. Padahal itu adalah hasil daya psikokinetik yang kita keluarkan.<ref name=psikokinesis> |
Meskipun umumnya fenomena psikokinesis direncanakan. Namun ada juga fenomena psikokinesis yang terjadi dengan spontan. Menurut para ahli parapsikologi, jika berada dalam keadaan terancam bahaya atau ketakutan yang sangat, Kita bisa dengan serta merta mengeluarkan daya psikokinetik. Misalnya saja memecahkan kaca pada saat ketakutan. Padahal itu adalah hasil daya psikokinetik yang kita keluarkan.<ref name=psikokinesis>{{Cite web |url=http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah |title=Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online |access-date=2012-05-23 |archive-date=2011-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209101655/http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{br}} |
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== Klasifikasi psikokinesis == |
== Klasifikasi psikokinesis == |
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Umumnya para ahli [[parapsikologi]] membedakan adanya dua jenis psikokinesis, yakni psikokinesis-makro dan psikokinesis-mikro. '''Psikokines-makro''' adalah yang kejadiannya bisa diamati secara langsung. Seperti misalnya membengkokkan sendok, mengangkat benda ke udara, atau tahan senjata tajam. Sedangkan '''Psikokinesis-mikro''' kejadiannya tidak bisa diamati dengan menggunakan mata telanjang. Diperlukan metode statistik tertentu untuk bisa mengetahuinya |
[[Berkas:Eksperimen moderen.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Eksperimen Mikro-PK yang dilakukan Universitas Northampton.]]Umumnya para ahli [[parapsikologi]] membedakan adanya dua jenis psikokinesis, yakni psikokinesis-makro dan psikokinesis-mikro. '''Psikokines-makro''' adalah yang kejadiannya bisa diamati secara langsung. Seperti misalnya dalam pertunjukan di televisi seseorang sanggup membengkokkan sendok, mengangkat benda ke udara, atau tahan senjata tajam. Sedangkan '''Psikokinesis-mikro''' kejadiannya tidak bisa diamati dengan menggunakan mata telanjang. Diperlukan metode statistik tertentu untuk bisa mengetahuinya. Termasuk dalam kategori mikro adalah pengobatan jarak jauh.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref> |
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Terdapat banyak bentuk psikokinesis yang umumnya dipercayai masyarakat keberadaannya. Selain mengontrol cuaca, beberapa diantaranya adalah tahan api, mengapungkan benda di udara, tahan benda sangat panas (ada orang yang bisa menempa pisau dengan tangan telanjang), tahan senjata tajam, dan lainnya. Termasuk yang sangat dipercayai masyarakat adalah penyembuhan jarak jauh. Dari suatu tempat, seseorang berupaya menyembuhkan orang lain yang berada di tempat lain.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref> |
Terdapat banyak bentuk psikokinesis yang umumnya dipercayai masyarakat keberadaannya. Selain mengontrol cuaca, beberapa diantaranya adalah tahan api, mengapungkan benda di udara, tahan benda sangat panas (ada orang yang bisa menempa pisau dengan tangan telanjang), tahan senjata tajam, dan lainnya. Termasuk yang sangat dipercayai masyarakat adalah penyembuhan jarak jauh. Dari suatu tempat, seseorang berupaya menyembuhkan orang lain yang berada di tempat lain.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref> |
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Salah satu bentuk Makro-PK yang sering dipertunjukkan dimuka umum adalah tahan senjata tajam. Berbagai pertunjukan tradisional semacam [[debus]], [[kuda lumping]], atau kuda dor, biasanya selalu disertai unjuk kekuatan anti senjata tajam. Dalam kondisi normal, sangat tidak mungkin kulit akan tahan senjata tajam. Untuk lebih meyakinkan, biasanya senjata tajam itu (biasanya berupa parang atau golok) disabetkan dulu ke benda tertentu semisal bambu. Sekali tebas, bambu sebesar lengan langsung putus. Tapi dalam pertunjukan tersebut, seseorang benar-benar menjadi kebal.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref> |
Salah satu bentuk Makro-PK yang sering dipertunjukkan dimuka umum adalah tahan senjata tajam. Berbagai pertunjukan tradisional semacam [[debus]], [[kuda lumping]], atau kuda dor, biasanya selalu disertai unjuk kekuatan anti senjata tajam. Dalam kondisi normal, sangat tidak mungkin kulit akan tahan senjata tajam. Untuk lebih meyakinkan, biasanya senjata tajam itu (biasanya berupa parang atau golok) disabetkan dulu ke benda tertentu semisal bambu. Sekali tebas, bambu sebesar lengan langsung putus. Tapi dalam pertunjukan tersebut, seseorang benar-benar menjadi kebal.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref> |
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== Pandangan ilmiah == |
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Haakon Forwald (1897-1978) seorang insinyur listrik Swedia menunjukkan bahwa psikokinesis bisa terjadi karena medan gravitasi yang dihasilkan oleh tubuh yang bertindak atas [[neutron]] dalam [[atom]] pada objek.<ref>Haakon Forwald [http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Mind_matter_and_gravitation.html?id=bUJDAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Mind, matter, and gravitation: a theoretical and experimental study''] Parapsychology Foundation, 1969 </ref><ref>The Biographical Dictionary Of Parapsychology [http://www.pflyceum.org/293.html Forwald, Haakon Gabriel] Taken from Helene Pleasants (1964) Biographical Dictionary of Parapsychology with Directory and Glossary 1946-1996 NY: Garrett Publications</ref> |
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Pada tahun 1991 pemenang Hadiah Nobel [[Brian Josephson]] dan rekan penulis Fotini Pallikara-Viras mengusulkan penjelasan untuk psikokinesis dan [[telepati]] mungkin ditemukan dalam fisika kuantum.<ref name="Josephson-paper-1991"> |
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{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10/papers/bell.html |
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| title = Biological Utilization of Quantum Nonlocality |
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| author = Josephson, Brian D. |
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| coauthors = Pallikari-Viras, Fotini |
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|accessdate= December 18, 2008 |
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}} ''Foundations in Physics'', Vol. 21, pp. 197-207, 1991, Plenum Press, New York.</ref><ref> |
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{{cite book|author = Michael Hanlon|title = 10 Questions Science Can't Answer (Yet)|url = http://books.google.com/?id=5y-NgsrQn8MC|date = 2007-05-29|publisher = Macmillan|location = New York|isbn = 978-0-230-51758-5|pages = 165–166 }}</ref> |
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== Efek geller == |
== Efek geller == |
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Dalam banyak kasus, orang yang mengaku sanggup melakukan daya psikokinetik ternyata hanya menipu. Kebanyakan hanya |
Dalam banyak kasus, orang yang mengaku sanggup melakukan daya psikokinetik ternyata hanya menipu. Kebanyakan hanya sulap atau ilusi, seperti yang biasa dilakukan di panggung-panggung hiburan oleh para pesulap dan ilusionis. Pada tahun 60-an, terkenal seseorang yang bernama Uri Geller. Ia berhasil membengkokkan berbagai benda metal. Pertunjukkannya sangat populer dan menakjubkan pemirsa televisi. Di studio TV, ia berhasil banyak membuat manipulasi terhadap benda-benda metal. Pada saat itu, Uri Geller bersedia untuk diuji di laboratorium. Hasilnya mengesankan. Uri Geller ternyata tidak mampu melakukan manipulasi apapun terhadap benda-benda metal di dalam kondisi laboratorium yang terkontrol. Kejadian itu kemudian dikenal dengan istilah efek geller.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref> Gejala atau fenomena paranormal harus dibedakan dari amusemen atau rekreasi, sulap -- bukan paranormal, kebetulan, terjadi bersamaan.<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061720 |
| url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061720 |
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| title = Encyclopædia Britannica online: psychokinesis |
| title = Encyclopædia Britannica online: psychokinesis |
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| accessdate=July 16, 2006 |
| accessdate = July 16, 2006 |
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| archive-date = 2006-05-29 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060529014130/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061720 |
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| dead-url = yes |
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}}</ref><ref>Holt, Henry, ''On the Cosmic Relation'' - Book II- Part III, Psychokinesis, pp.216-217</ref><ref name="parapsych_glossary">{{cite web |
}}</ref><ref>Holt, Henry, ''On the Cosmic Relation'' - Book II- Part III, Psychokinesis, pp.216-217</ref><ref name="parapsych_glossary">{{cite web |
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| url = http://parapsych.org/glossary_l_r.html#p |
| url = http://parapsych.org/glossary_l_r.html#p |
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| title = Parapsychological Association, glossary of key words frequently used in parapsychology |
| title = Parapsychological Association, glossary of key words frequently used in parapsychology |
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| accessdate=December 20, 2006 |
| accessdate = December 20, 2006 |
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| archive-date = 2010-08-24 |
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{{cite web |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100824232035/http://parapsych.org/glossary_l_r.html#p |
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| dead-url = yes |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=psychokinesis&action= Search+OMD |
| url = http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=psychokinesis&action= Search+OMD |
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| title = On-Line Medical Dictionary: psychokinesis |
| title = On-Line Medical Dictionary: psychokinesis |
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| accessdate=July 16, 2006 |
| accessdate = July 16, 2006 |
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| archive-date = 2008-02-05 |
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{{cite book | author = Jeffers, Stanley |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080205080940/http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=psychokinesis&action= |
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| accessdate = June 2007, Vol. 31, Issue 3 |
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| dead-url = yes |
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| title = "PEAR Lab Closes, Ending Decades of Psychic Research," Skeptical Inquirer |
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}}</ref><ref name=parapsych_glossary/><ref> |
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| publisher = Committee for Skeptical Inquiry |
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{{cite book|author = Jeffers, Stanley |
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| location = Amherst, New York, USA |
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|accessdate = June 2007, Vol. 31, Issue 3 |
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| quote = Much of the work of the PEAR group has employed 'random event generators' (REGs), which are essentially electronic random number generators whose ' operators' are invited by dint [force, power] of their own intentionality, to bias in such a way, that the mean of the random number distribution would be either higher or lower than it would be in the absence of their intentional efforts... |
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|title = "PEAR Lab Closes, Ending Decades of Psychic Research," Skeptical Inquirer |
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| page = 16}}</ref><ref name="faqfile1">{{cite web |
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|publisher = Committee for Skeptical Inquiry |
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| url = http://www.parapsych.org/faq_file1.html |
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|location = Amherst, New York, USA |
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| title = Parapsychological Association FAQ |
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|quote = Much of the work of the PEAR group has employed 'random event generators' (REGs), which are essentially electronic random number generators whose ' operators' are invited by dint [force, power] of their own intentionality, to bias in such a way, that the mean of the random number distribution would be either higher or lower than it would be in the absence of their intentional efforts... |
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| accessdate = 2007-07-02 |
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|page = 16}}</ref><ref name="faqfile1">{{cite web |
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|year=1995 |
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|url = http://www.parapsych.org/faq_file1.html |
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| publisher = Parapsychological Association| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/617A8tOCM |archivedate = 2011-08-21| deadurl=no}}</ref><ref> |
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|title = Parapsychological Association FAQ |
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{{cite book| author = Random House| title = Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary| url = http://books.google.com/?id=y6aOPgAACAAJ| date = 2005-07-12| publisher = Random House Reference| location = Boston, Massachusetts| isbn = 978-0-375-42599-8| oclc = 48010385| page = 1560| quote = psycho-, a combining form representing ''[[psych]]e'' in compound words. ... (Gk, comb. form of ''psyche'' breath, spirit, soul, mind; akin to ''psycheim'' to blow). }}</ref><ref> |
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|accessdate = 2007-07-02 |
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{{cite book| author = Erin McKean, [principal editor].| title = The New Oxford American Dictionary| url = http://books.google.com/?id=opNWcgAACAAJ| date = 2005-04-08| publisher = Oxford University Press| location = New York City| isbn = 978-0-19-517077-1| oclc = 123434455| page = 1367| quote = psycho. comb. form relating to the mind or psychology: ...from Greek ''psukhe'' breath, soul, mind. }}</ref> |
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|year = 1995 |
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|publisher = Parapsychological Association |
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|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/617A8tOCM?url=http://www.parapsych.org/faq_file1.html |
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|archivedate = 2011-08-21 |
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|deadurl = yes |
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}}</ref><ref> |
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{{cite book|author = Random House|title = Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|url = http://books.google.com/?id=y6aOPgAACAAJ|date = 2005-07-12|publisher = Random House Reference|location = Boston, Massachusetts|isbn = 978-0-375-42599-8|oclc = 48010385|page = 1560|quote = psycho-, a combining form representing ''[[psych]]e'' in compound words. ... (Gk, comb. form of ''psyche'' breath, spirit, soul, mind; akin to ''psycheim'' to blow). }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author = Erin McKean, [principal editor].|title = The New Oxford American Dictionary|url = http://books.google.com/?id=opNWcgAACAAJ|date = 2005-04-08|publisher = Oxford University Press|location = New York City|isbn = 978-0-19-517077-1|oclc = 123434455|page = 1367|quote = psycho.comb. form relating to the mind or psychology: ...from Greek ''psukhe'' breath, soul, mind.}}{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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== |
== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== Bacaan lanjutan == |
== Bacaan lanjutan == |
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* [http://eepinside.com/?p=172 ''Ketika Mistik Menjadi Ilmiah''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917133014/http://eepinside.com/?p=172 |date=2008-09-17 }} |
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*''Minds and motion: the riddle of psychokinesis'', [[D. Scott Rogo]], Taplinger Pub. Co., 1978. |
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*'' |
* ''Minds and motion: the riddle of psychokinesis'', D. Scott Rogo, Taplinger Pub. Co., 1978. |
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* ''To stretch a plank: a survey of psychokinesis'', Diana Robinson, Nelson-Hall, 1981. |
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* ''The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena, ''[[Dean Radin]], HarperEdge, 1997. |
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* ''The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena, ''Dean Radin, HarperEdge, 1997. |
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* {{cite book| author = William Braud| title = Distant mental influence: its contributions to science, healing, and human interactions| url = http://books.google.com/?id=WEUHAAAACAAJ| date = 2003-12| publisher = Hampton Roads Pub Co Inc| isbn = 978-1-57174-354-1 }} |
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* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book|author = William Braud|title = Distant mental influence: its contributions to science, healing, and human interactions|url = http://books.google.com/?id=WEUHAAAACAAJ|date = 2003-12|publisher = Hampton Roads Pub Co Inc|isbn = 978-1-57174-354-1}}{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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* {{cite book| author = Charles T. Tart| |
* {{cite book|author = Richard John Wiseman|title = Deception & self-deception: investigating psychics|url = http://books.google.com/?id=pDMNAQAAMAAJ|year = 1997|isbn = 978-1-57392-121-3 }} |
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* {{cite book|author = Charles T. Tart|coauthors = Huston Smith, Kendra Smith|title = The end of materialism: how evidence of the paranormal is bringing science and spirit together|url = http://books.google.com/?id=tzZj0FHfMggC|date = 2009-03-15|publisher = Ions / Nhp|isbn = 978-1-57224-645-4 }} |
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* ''Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality,'' |
* ''Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality,'' Dean Radin, Pocket Books, 2006. |
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* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book|author = Diane Hennacy Powell|title = The ESP Enigma: The Scientific Case for Psychic Phenomena|url = http://books.google.com/?id=pvlv2efnFY0C|date = 2009-01-13|publisher = Walker & Company|isbn = 978-0-8027-1606-4 }} |
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* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book|author = Lynne McTaggart|title = The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe|url = http://books.google.com/?id=VtNaz_vSnIIC|date = 2007-12-18|publisher = Harper Paperbacks|isbn = 978-0-06-143518-8 }} |
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* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book|author = James Randi|title = Flim-flam!: psychics, ESP, unicorns, and other delusions|url = http://books.google.com/?id=UHoQAQAAIAAJ|date = 1982-06-01|publisher = Pyr Books|isbn = 978-0-87975-198-2 }} |
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* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book|author = James Houran|coauthors = Rense Lange|title = Hauntings and poltergeists: multidisciplinary perspectives|url = http://books.google.com/?id=BwTP31-3JRcC|date = 2001-06-30|publisher = McFarland & Company|isbn = 978-0-7864-0984-6 }} |
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* {{cite book| |
* {{cite book|author = Thomas Gilovich|title = How we know what isn't so: the fallibility of human reason in everyday life|url = http://books.google.com/?id=LURGkHCPAJEC|year = 1993|publisher = Free Press|isbn = 978-0-02-911706-4 }} |
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===Makalah terpublikasikan tentang PK / TK=== |
=== Makalah terpublikasikan tentang PK / TK === |
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* [http://emergentmind.org/journal.htm The Journal of Non-Locality and Remote Mental Interactions] A journal of PK-related research papers published by EmergentMind.org. |
* [http://emergentmind.org/journal.htm The Journal of Non-Locality and Remote Mental Interactions] A journal of PK-related research papers published by EmergentMind.org. |
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* [http://www.ebo.de/publikationen/pk_ma.pdf ''Examining Psychokinesis: The Interaction of Human Intention With Random Number Generators – A Meta-Analysis''] by Holger Bösch, Fiona Steinkamp, and Emil Boller, ''Psychological Bulletin'', 132, 497-523, 2006. |
* [http://www.ebo.de/publikationen/pk_ma.pdf ''Examining Psychokinesis: The Interaction of Human Intention With Random Number Generators – A Meta-Analysis''] by Holger Bösch, Fiona Steinkamp, and Emil Boller, ''Psychological Bulletin'', 132, 497-523, 2006. |
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* [http://www.anomalistik.de/sdm_pdfs/etzold.pdf ''Solar-periodic full moon effect in the Fourmilab RetroPsychoKinesis Project experiment data: an exploratory study''] by Eckhard Etzold ''Journal of Parapsychology'', Fall 2005. |
* [http://www.anomalistik.de/sdm_pdfs/etzold.pdf ''Solar-periodic full moon effect in the Fourmilab RetroPsychoKinesis Project experiment data: an exploratory study''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726170402/http://www.anomalistik.de/sdm_pdfs/etzold.pdf |date=2012-07-26 }} by Eckhard Etzold ''Journal of Parapsychology'', Fall 2005. |
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* [http://m0134.fmg.uva.nl/research/PSI%20research/papers/39.pdf ''Does Psi Exist and Can We prove It: Belief and Disbelief in Psychokinesis Research''] by Eckhard Etzold, presented at the Parapsychological Association Convention 2004. |
* [http://m0134.fmg.uva.nl/research/PSI%20research/papers/39.pdf ''Does Psi Exist and Can We prove It: Belief and Disbelief in Psychokinesis Research''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621043141/http://m0134.fmg.uva.nl/research/PSI%20research/papers/39.pdf |date=2007-06-21 }} by Eckhard Etzold, presented at the Parapsychological Association Convention 2004. |
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* [http://jackhouck.com/mdi.shtml ''Material Deformation by Intention''] by Jack Houck, presented at the Science of Whole Person Healing Conference, March 28, 2003. |
* [http://jackhouck.com/mdi.shtml ''Material Deformation by Intention''] by Jack Houck, presented at the Science of Whole Person Healing Conference, March 28, 2003. |
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* "Can Our Intentions Interact Directly with the Physical World?" by William G. Braud, ''European Journal of Parapsychology'', Vol. 10, 1994. |
* "Can Our Intentions Interact Directly with the Physical World?" by William G. Braud, ''European Journal of Parapsychology'', Vol. 10, 1994. |
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* "A review of psychokinesis (PK)" by Edward Girden (1962). ''Psychological Bulletin'' 59 (5) pages 353-388 doi:10.1037/h0048209 |
* "A review of psychokinesis (PK)" by Edward Girden (1962). ''Psychological Bulletin'' 59 (5) pages 353-388 doi:10.1037/h0048209 |
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* [http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/pdfs/IEEE.pdf ''The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective'']{{ |
* [http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/pdfs/IEEE.pdf ''The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121083227/http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/pdfs/IEEE.pdf |date=2008-11-21 }} by Robert G. Jahn, ''(1982) Proceedings IEEE, 70, No.2, pp. 136–170. |
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* [http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/37/8/1377/ "Mind over matter: Perceived success at psychokinesis"] by |
* [http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/37/8/1377/ "Mind over matter: Perceived success at psychokinesis"] by Victor A. Benassi, Paul D. Sweeney, and Gregg E. Drevno (1979). ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'' 37 (8) pp. 1377–1386. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.8.1377 |
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=== Makalah Militer tentang PK / TK === |
=== Makalah Militer tentang PK / TK === |
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* ''KM Ristek - Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi.'' [http://km.ristek.go.id/assets/files/527.pdf Tinjauan Elektromagnetik Pada Kemampuan ESP (Extrasensory perception) Sebagai Kemampuan Khusus Bela diri Negara.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003062105/http://km.ristek.go.id/assets/files/527.pdf |date=2015-10-03 }} Kementrian Pertahanan RI Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan 2010. |
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* [http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADB097979 ''Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy''] A 1985 study on potential military applications of psychokinesis by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas USA. Listed at the U.S. [[Defense Technical Information Center]]'s website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service. |
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* [http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADB097979 ''Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009080223/http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADB097979 |date=2012-10-09 }} A 1985 study on potential military applications of psychokinesis by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas USA. Listed at the U.S. [[Defense Technical Information Center]]'s website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service. |
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* [http://www.fas.org/sgp/eprint/teleport.pdf ''Teleportation Physics Study''] A study published in 2004 that reviews the current state research of real and hypothetical methods of teleportation. Includes a section titled ''PK phenomenon''. Conducted by Eric Davis of Warp Drive Metrics, Nevada and sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards AFB, California. Available publicly on the Federation of American Scientists website. |
* [http://www.fas.org/sgp/eprint/teleport.pdf ''Teleportation Physics Study''] A study published in 2004 that reviews the current state research of real and hypothetical methods of teleportation. Includes a section titled ''PK phenomenon''. Conducted by Eric Davis of Warp Drive Metrics, Nevada and sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards AFB, California. Available publicly on the Federation of American Scientists website. |
||
* [http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0667953 ''New Correlation Between a Human Subject and a Quantum Mechanical Random Number Generator''] A 1967 study by Helmut Schmidt conducted at the Boeing Scientific Research Laboratory in Seattle, Washington USA that concluded: "From the results, it is tentatively concluded that there exists a weak but significant correlation between the statistical processes operative in these experiments and the experimenter who initiates the processes." Listed at the U.S. [[Defense Technical Information Center]]'s website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service. |
* [http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0667953 ''New Correlation Between a Human Subject and a Quantum Mechanical Random Number Generator''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418224718/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0667953 |date=2012-04-18 }} A 1967 study by Helmut Schmidt conducted at the Boeing Scientific Research Laboratory in Seattle, Washington USA that concluded: "From the results, it is tentatively concluded that there exists a weak but significant correlation between the statistical processes operative in these experiments and the experimenter who initiates the processes." Listed at the U.S. [[Defense Technical Information Center]]'s website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service. |
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==Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://skepdic.com/pear.html "The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR)"] entry in the online edition of the ''Skeptic's Dictionary'' by philosopher Robert Todd Carroll. |
* [http://skepdic.com/pear.html "The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR)"] entry in the online edition of the ''Skeptic's Dictionary'' by philosopher Robert Todd Carroll. |
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* [http://www.psychic-experiences.com/psychic-tests/telekinesis-test.php Online Telekinesis Test] |
* [http://www.psychic-experiences.com/psychic-tests/telekinesis-test.php Online Telekinesis Test] |
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* [http://theintentionexperiment.com/the_experiments.htm The Intention Experiment]{{ |
* [http://theintentionexperiment.com/the_experiments.htm The Intention Experiment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610062338/http://www.theintentionexperiment.com/the_experiments.htm |date=2008-06-10 }} A series of scientifically controlled, web-based PK experiments. |
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* [http://www.rhine.org/researchcurrent.htm Mind Over Matter Study] An invitation by the Rhine Research Center of Durham, North Carolina USA to submit reports of PK as part of an academic research study. |
* [http://www.rhine.org/researchcurrent.htm Mind Over Matter Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521135409/http://www.rhine.org/researchcurrent.htm |date=2012-05-21 }} An invitation by the Rhine Research Center of Durham, North Carolina USA to submit reports of PK as part of an academic research study. |
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* [http://jamesaconrad.com/TK/TK-movie-list.html Hollywood Telekinesis and Psychokinesis Movie List] Includes the "List of Cultural References to Psychokinesis and Telekinesis" that was formerly on Wikipedia. |
* [http://jamesaconrad.com/TK/TK-movie-list.html Hollywood Telekinesis and Psychokinesis Movie List] Includes the "List of Cultural References to Psychokinesis and Telekinesis" that was formerly on Wikipedia. |
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* {{dmoz|Society/Paranormal/Psychic/Psychokinesis/|Psychokinesis}} |
* {{dmoz|Society/Paranormal/Psychic/Psychokinesis/|Psychokinesis}} |
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* [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1222369/Can-kill-goat-staring-eyes-Thats-plot-Hollywood-film-U-S-army-experiment.html Can you kill a goat by staring into its eyes?] ''[[Daily Mail]]'', |
* [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1222369/Can-kill-goat-staring-eyes-Thats-plot-Hollywood-film-U-S-army-experiment.html Can you kill a goat by staring into its eyes?] ''[[Daily Mail]]'', October 23, 2009. In depth article on the U.S. military's psychic "super-soldier" program with emphasis on DMILS (Direct Mental Interaction with Living Systems). |
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Revisi terkini sejak 14 Mei 2024 22.21
Psikokinesis (dari bahasa Yunani ψυχή, "psyche", berarti pikiran, jiwa, hati, atau napas; dan κίνησις, "kinesis", berarti gerak, gerakan; harfiah "pikiran-gerakan"), adalah kemampuan memanipulasi sebuah objek fisik hanya dengan pikiran semata-mata. Sebuah objek, bisa berupa benda maupun tubuh dimanipulasi dari jarak jauh.
Meskipun umumnya fenomena psikokinesis direncanakan. Namun ada juga fenomena psikokinesis yang terjadi dengan spontan. Menurut para ahli parapsikologi, jika berada dalam keadaan terancam bahaya atau ketakutan yang sangat, Kita bisa dengan serta merta mengeluarkan daya psikokinetik. Misalnya saja memecahkan kaca pada saat ketakutan. Padahal itu adalah hasil daya psikokinetik yang kita keluarkan.[1]
Klasifikasi psikokinesis
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Umumnya para ahli parapsikologi membedakan adanya dua jenis psikokinesis, yakni psikokinesis-makro dan psikokinesis-mikro. Psikokines-makro adalah yang kejadiannya bisa diamati secara langsung. Seperti misalnya dalam pertunjukan di televisi seseorang sanggup membengkokkan sendok, mengangkat benda ke udara, atau tahan senjata tajam. Sedangkan Psikokinesis-mikro kejadiannya tidak bisa diamati dengan menggunakan mata telanjang. Diperlukan metode statistik tertentu untuk bisa mengetahuinya. Termasuk dalam kategori mikro adalah pengobatan jarak jauh.[1]
Terdapat banyak bentuk psikokinesis yang umumnya dipercayai masyarakat keberadaannya. Selain mengontrol cuaca, beberapa diantaranya adalah tahan api, mengapungkan benda di udara, tahan benda sangat panas (ada orang yang bisa menempa pisau dengan tangan telanjang), tahan senjata tajam, dan lainnya. Termasuk yang sangat dipercayai masyarakat adalah penyembuhan jarak jauh. Dari suatu tempat, seseorang berupaya menyembuhkan orang lain yang berada di tempat lain.[1]
Salah satu bentuk Makro-PK yang sering dipertunjukkan dimuka umum adalah tahan senjata tajam. Berbagai pertunjukan tradisional semacam debus, kuda lumping, atau kuda dor, biasanya selalu disertai unjuk kekuatan anti senjata tajam. Dalam kondisi normal, sangat tidak mungkin kulit akan tahan senjata tajam. Untuk lebih meyakinkan, biasanya senjata tajam itu (biasanya berupa parang atau golok) disabetkan dulu ke benda tertentu semisal bambu. Sekali tebas, bambu sebesar lengan langsung putus. Tapi dalam pertunjukan tersebut, seseorang benar-benar menjadi kebal.[1]
Pandangan ilmiah
[sunting | sunting sumber]Haakon Forwald (1897-1978) seorang insinyur listrik Swedia menunjukkan bahwa psikokinesis bisa terjadi karena medan gravitasi yang dihasilkan oleh tubuh yang bertindak atas neutron dalam atom pada objek.[2][3]
Pada tahun 1991 pemenang Hadiah Nobel Brian Josephson dan rekan penulis Fotini Pallikara-Viras mengusulkan penjelasan untuk psikokinesis dan telepati mungkin ditemukan dalam fisika kuantum.[4][5]
Efek geller
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dalam banyak kasus, orang yang mengaku sanggup melakukan daya psikokinetik ternyata hanya menipu. Kebanyakan hanya sulap atau ilusi, seperti yang biasa dilakukan di panggung-panggung hiburan oleh para pesulap dan ilusionis. Pada tahun 60-an, terkenal seseorang yang bernama Uri Geller. Ia berhasil membengkokkan berbagai benda metal. Pertunjukkannya sangat populer dan menakjubkan pemirsa televisi. Di studio TV, ia berhasil banyak membuat manipulasi terhadap benda-benda metal. Pada saat itu, Uri Geller bersedia untuk diuji di laboratorium. Hasilnya mengesankan. Uri Geller ternyata tidak mampu melakukan manipulasi apapun terhadap benda-benda metal di dalam kondisi laboratorium yang terkontrol. Kejadian itu kemudian dikenal dengan istilah efek geller.[1] Gejala atau fenomena paranormal harus dibedakan dari amusemen atau rekreasi, sulap -- bukan paranormal, kebetulan, terjadi bersamaan.[6][7][8][9][8][10][11][12][13]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d e "Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-09. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-23. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>tidak sah; nama "psikokinesis" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda - ^ Haakon Forwald Mind, matter, and gravitation: a theoretical and experimental study Parapsychology Foundation, 1969
- ^ The Biographical Dictionary Of Parapsychology Forwald, Haakon Gabriel Taken from Helene Pleasants (1964) Biographical Dictionary of Parapsychology with Directory and Glossary 1946-1996 NY: Garrett Publications
- ^ Josephson, Brian D. "Biological Utilization of Quantum Nonlocality". Diakses tanggal December 18, 2008. Foundations in Physics, Vol. 21, pp. 197-207, 1991, Plenum Press, New York.
- ^ Michael Hanlon (2007-05-29). 10 Questions Science Can't Answer (Yet). New York: Macmillan. hlm. 165–166. ISBN 978-0-230-51758-5.
- ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica online: psychokinesis". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-05-29. Diakses tanggal July 16, 2006.
- ^ Holt, Henry, On the Cosmic Relation - Book II- Part III, Psychokinesis, pp.216-217
- ^ a b "Parapsychological Association, glossary of key words frequently used in parapsychology". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-08-24. Diakses tanggal December 20, 2006.
- ^ "On-Line Medical Dictionary: psychokinesis". Diarsipkan dari Search+OMD versi asli Periksa nilai
|url=(bantuan) tanggal 2008-02-05. Diakses tanggal July 16, 2006. - ^
Jeffers, Stanley. "PEAR Lab Closes, Ending Decades of Psychic Research," Skeptical Inquirer. Amherst, New York, USA: Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. hlm. 16.
Much of the work of the PEAR group has employed 'random event generators' (REGs), which are essentially electronic random number generators whose ' operators' are invited by dint [force, power] of their own intentionality, to bias in such a way, that the mean of the random number distribution would be either higher or lower than it would be in the absence of their intentional efforts...
- ^ "Parapsychological Association FAQ". Parapsychological Association. 1995. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-21. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-02.
- ^
Random House (2005-07-12). Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Boston, Massachusetts: Random House Reference. hlm. 1560. ISBN 978-0-375-42599-8. OCLC 48010385.
psycho-, a combining form representing psyche in compound words. ... (Gk, comb. form of psyche breath, spirit, soul, mind; akin to psycheim to blow).
- ^ Erin McKean, [principal editor]. (2005-04-08). The New Oxford American Dictionary. New York City: Oxford University Press. hlm. 1367. ISBN 978-0-19-517077-1. OCLC 123434455.
psycho.comb. form relating to the mind or psychology: ...from Greek psukhe breath, soul, mind.
[pranala nonaktif permanen]
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Ketika Mistik Menjadi Ilmiah Diarsipkan 2008-09-17 di Wayback Machine.
- Minds and motion: the riddle of psychokinesis, D. Scott Rogo, Taplinger Pub. Co., 1978.
- To stretch a plank: a survey of psychokinesis, Diana Robinson, Nelson-Hall, 1981.
- The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena, Dean Radin, HarperEdge, 1997.
- William Braud (2003-12). Distant mental influence: its contributions to science, healing, and human interactions. Hampton Roads Pub Co Inc. ISBN 978-1-57174-354-1. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Richard John Wiseman (1997). Deception & self-deception: investigating psychics. ISBN 978-1-57392-121-3.
- Charles T. Tart (2009-03-15). The end of materialism: how evidence of the paranormal is bringing science and spirit together. Ions / Nhp. ISBN 978-1-57224-645-4.
- Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality, Dean Radin, Pocket Books, 2006.
- Diane Hennacy Powell (2009-01-13). The ESP Enigma: The Scientific Case for Psychic Phenomena. Walker & Company. ISBN 978-0-8027-1606-4.
- Lynne McTaggart (2007-12-18). The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe. Harper Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-06-143518-8.
- James Randi (1982-06-01). Flim-flam!: psychics, ESP, unicorns, and other delusions. Pyr Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-198-2.
- James Houran (2001-06-30). Hauntings and poltergeists: multidisciplinary perspectives. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-0984-6.
- Thomas Gilovich (1993). How we know what isn't so: the fallibility of human reason in everyday life. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-911706-4.
Makalah terpublikasikan tentang PK / TK
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Journal of Non-Locality and Remote Mental Interactions A journal of PK-related research papers published by EmergentMind.org.
- Examining Psychokinesis: The Interaction of Human Intention With Random Number Generators – A Meta-Analysis by Holger Bösch, Fiona Steinkamp, and Emil Boller, Psychological Bulletin, 132, 497-523, 2006.
- Solar-periodic full moon effect in the Fourmilab RetroPsychoKinesis Project experiment data: an exploratory study Diarsipkan 2012-07-26 di Wayback Machine. by Eckhard Etzold Journal of Parapsychology, Fall 2005.
- Does Psi Exist and Can We prove It: Belief and Disbelief in Psychokinesis Research Diarsipkan 2007-06-21 di Wayback Machine. by Eckhard Etzold, presented at the Parapsychological Association Convention 2004.
- Material Deformation by Intention by Jack Houck, presented at the Science of Whole Person Healing Conference, March 28, 2003.
- "Can Our Intentions Interact Directly with the Physical World?" by William G. Braud, European Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 10, 1994.
- "A review of psychokinesis (PK)" by Edward Girden (1962). Psychological Bulletin 59 (5) pages 353-388 doi:10.1037/h0048209
- The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective Diarsipkan 2008-11-21 di Wayback Machine. by Robert G. Jahn, (1982) Proceedings IEEE, 70, No.2, pp. 136–170.
- "Mind over matter: Perceived success at psychokinesis" by Victor A. Benassi, Paul D. Sweeney, and Gregg E. Drevno (1979). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (8) pp. 1377–1386. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.8.1377
Makalah Militer tentang PK / TK
[sunting | sunting sumber]- KM Ristek - Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi. Tinjauan Elektromagnetik Pada Kemampuan ESP (Extrasensory perception) Sebagai Kemampuan Khusus Bela diri Negara. Diarsipkan 2015-10-03 di Wayback Machine. Kementrian Pertahanan RI Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan 2010.
- Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy Diarsipkan 2012-10-09 di Wayback Machine. A 1985 study on potential military applications of psychokinesis by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas USA. Listed at the U.S. Defense Technical Information Center's website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service.
- Teleportation Physics Study A study published in 2004 that reviews the current state research of real and hypothetical methods of teleportation. Includes a section titled PK phenomenon. Conducted by Eric Davis of Warp Drive Metrics, Nevada and sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards AFB, California. Available publicly on the Federation of American Scientists website.
- New Correlation Between a Human Subject and a Quantum Mechanical Random Number Generator Diarsipkan 2012-04-18 di Wayback Machine. A 1967 study by Helmut Schmidt conducted at the Boeing Scientific Research Laboratory in Seattle, Washington USA that concluded: "From the results, it is tentatively concluded that there exists a weak but significant correlation between the statistical processes operative in these experiments and the experimenter who initiates the processes." Listed at the U.S. Defense Technical Information Center's website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR)" entry in the online edition of the Skeptic's Dictionary by philosopher Robert Todd Carroll.
- Online Telekinesis Test
- The Intention Experiment Diarsipkan 2008-06-10 di Wayback Machine. A series of scientifically controlled, web-based PK experiments.
- Mind Over Matter Study Diarsipkan 2012-05-21 di Wayback Machine. An invitation by the Rhine Research Center of Durham, North Carolina USA to submit reports of PK as part of an academic research study.
- Hollywood Telekinesis and Psychokinesis Movie List Includes the "List of Cultural References to Psychokinesis and Telekinesis" that was formerly on Wikipedia.
- Psychokinesis di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
- Can you kill a goat by staring into its eyes? Daily Mail, October 23, 2009. In depth article on the U.S. military's psychic "super-soldier" program with emphasis on DMILS (Direct Mental Interaction with Living Systems).
