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{{infobox element
{{Elementbox
|number=104
|number=104
|symbol=Rf
|symbol=Rf
|name=rutherfordium
|name=ruterfordium
|left=[[lawrensium]]
|left=[[lawrensium]]
|right=[[dubnium]]
|right=[[dubnium]]
|above=[[hafnium|Hf]]
|above=[[hafnium|Hf]]
|below=(Upq)
|below=(Upo)
|series= logam transisi
|series= logam transisi
|group=4
|group=4
|period=7
|period=7
|block=d
|block=d
|atomic mass= [267]
|atomic mass=
|appearance= tak diketahui
|appearance= tak diketahui
|image name=
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˌ|r|ʌ|ð|ər|ˈ|f|ɔr|d|i|əm}} <br> {{respell|RUDH|ər|FOR|dee-əm}}
Electron shell 104 Rutherfordium.svg
⚫
|electron configuration= &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>2</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup><ref name=rsc/>
|image name comment=Konfigurasi elektron ruterfordium
|pronounce=
⚫
|electron configuration= &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>2</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell= 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
|electrons per shell= 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
|phase= solid
|phase= padat
|phase comment=''(predicted)''<ref name=rsc/>
|phase comment=''(diprediksi)''<ref name="rsc-Rf"/><ref name=Haire/>
|density gpcm3nrt=17
|density gpcm3nrt= 23 ''(estimated)''<ref name=rsc>[http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/pages/data/rutherfordium_data.html Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf], Royal Chemical Society</ref>
|density gpcm3nrt comment=''(diprediksi)''<ref name=density>{{cite journal |last1=Gyanchandani |first1=Jyoti |last2=Sikka |first2=S. K. |title=Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals |journal=Physical Review B |date=10 Mei 2011 |volume=83 |issue=17 |pages=172101 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101 |bibcode=2011PhRvB..83q2101G }}</ref><ref name=kratz>{{cite book |last1=Kratz |last2=Lieser |title=Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications |date=2013 |page=631 |edition=3}}</ref>
⚫
|melting point K=2400 ''(estimated)''<ref name=rsc/>
|melting point C=2100
|melting point K=2400
|melting point F=
|melting point C=2100
⚫
|melting point F=3800
⚫
|boiling point K=5800 ''(estimated)''<ref name=rsc/>
⚫
|melting point comment=''(diprediksi)''<ref name="rsc-Rf"/><ref name=Haire/>
⚫
|boiling point C=5500
|boiling point F=
|boiling point K=5800
|boiling point C=5500
|boiling point F=9900
⚫
|boiling point comment=''(diprediksi)''<ref name="rsc-Rf"/><ref name=Haire/>
|crystal structure=hexagonal close-packed
|crystal structure comment=''(diprediksi)''<ref name=hcp>{{cite journal|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104|title=First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals|year=2011|last1=Östlin|first1=A.|last2=Vitos|first2=L.|journal=Physical Review B|volume=84|issue=11|pages=113104|bibcode=2011PhRvB..84k3104O }}</ref>
|number of ionization energies=4
|number of ionization energies=4
|1st ionization energy= 578.912 ''(estimated)''<ref name=rsc/>
|ionization energy 1=580
|ionization energy comment=''(semuanya kecuali yang pertama merupakan perkiraan)''<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss|editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger|editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman|first1=Darleane C. |last2=Lee |first2=Diana M. |last3=Pershina |first3=Valeria |chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher= Springer Science+Business Media| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>
|2nd ionization energy= 1148.175 ''(estimated)''<ref name=rsc/>
|3rd ionization energy= 1929.705 ''(estimated)''<ref name=rsc/>
|ionization energy 2=1390
|ionization energy 3=2300
⚫
|covalent radius=157 ''(estimated)''<ref name=rsc/>
|atomic radius=150
|oxidation states= '''+4'''<ref name=rsc/>
|atomic radius comment=''(diperkirakan)''<ref name=Haire/>
⚫
|CAS number= 53850-36-5
|covalent radius=157
⚫
|isotopes=<!--only those above 5 sec -->
⚫
|covalent radius comment=''(diperkirakan)''<ref name="rsc-Rf"/>
⚫
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay3 | mn=261 | sym=Rf | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl=70 s<ref name=nuclidetable>{{citeweb|url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=104&n=158|title=Interactive Chart of Nuclides|publisher=Brookhaven National Laboratory|author=Sonzogni, Alejandro|location=National Nuclear Data Center|accessdate=2008-06-06}}</ref>| dm1=>80% [[emisi alfa|α]] | de1=8.28 | pn1=257 | ps1=No |dm2=<15% ε | de2= | pn2=261 | ps2=Lr |dm3=<10% SF | de3= | pn3=| ps3=}}
⚫
|CAS number=53850-36-5
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=263 | sym=Rf | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl=15 min<ref name=nuclidetable/> | dm1=<100% SF | de1= | pn1= | ps1= |dm2=~30% α | de2=7.90 ? | pn2=259 | ps2=No }}
|magnetic susceptibility=
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=265 | sym=Rf | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl=2.5 min<ref name=10El>{{cite journal|last1=Ellison|first1=P.|last2=Gregorich|first2=K.|last3=Berryman|first3=J.|last4=Bleuel|first4=D.|last5=Clark|first5=R.|last6=Dragojević|first6=I.|last7=Dvorak|first7=J.|last8=Fallon|first8=P.|last9=Fineman-Sotomayor|first9=C.|title=New Superheavy Element Isotopes: <sup>242</sup>Pu(<sup>48</sup>Ca,5n)<sup>285</sup>114|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=105|year=2010|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701|bibcode = 2010PhRvL.105r2701E }}</ref> | dm=SF| de= | pn= | ps=}}
|magnetic susceptibility ref=
⚫
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=266 | sym=Rf? | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl= | dm=SF?/α? | de= | pn= | ps=}}
⚫
|isotopes=<!--hanya yang di atas 5 detik-->
⚫
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=267 | sym=Rf | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl=1.3 h<ref name=nuclidetable/> | dm=SF | de= | pn= | ps=}}
⚫
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=261 | sym=Rf | na=[[Radioisotop sintetis|sintetis]] | hl=70&nbsp;dtk<ref name=nuclidetable>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=104&n=158|title=Interactive Chart of Nuclides|publisher=Brookhaven National Laboratory|author=Sonzogni, Alejandro|location=National Nuclear Data Center|access-date=6 Agustus 2022}}</ref>| dm1=>80% [[Peluruhan alfa|α]]
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=268 | sym=Rf? | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl= | dm=SF?/α? | de= | pn= | ps=}}
|de1=8,28 | link1=nobelium-257 | pn1=257 | ps1=No
|isotopes comment=only isotopes with half-lives over 5 seconds are included here
|dm2=<15% [[Penangkapan elektron|ε]] | de2= | link2=lawrensium-261 | pn2=261 | ps2=Lr
{{Listen|filename=rutherfordium.ogg|title=Rutherfordium|description=Common English pronunciation of rutherfordium|format=[[Ogg]]|plain=yes}}
|dm3=<10% [[Pembelahan spontan|SF]] | de3= | pn3=| ps3=}}
}}<noinclude>{{Template reference list}}[[Category:Templat kotak info tabel periodik|Rutherfordium]]
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=263 | sym=Rf | na=sintetis | hl=15&nbsp;mnt<ref name=nuclidetable/> | dm1=<100% SF
[[ceb:Plantilya:Infobox rutherfordium]]
|de1= | pn1= | ps1=
[[en:Template:Infobox rutherfordium]]
|dm2=~30% α | de2=7,90 ? | link2=nobelium-259 | pn2=259 | ps2=No }}
[[fa:الگو:جعبه اطلاعات رادرفوردیم]]
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=265 | sym=Rf | na=sintetis | hl=1,1&nbsp;mnt<ref name=PuCa2017>{{cite journal |last1=Utyonkov |first1=V. K. |last2=Brewer |first2=N. T. |first3=Yu. Ts. |last3=Oganessian |first4=K. P. |last4=Rykaczewski |first5=F. Sh. |last5=Abdullin |first6=S. N. |last6=Dimitriev |first7=R. K. |last7=Grzywacz |first8=M. G. |last8=Itkis |first9=K. |last9=Miernik |first10=A. N. |last10=Polyakov |first11=J. B. |last11=Roberto |first12=R. N. |last12=Sagaidak |first13=I. V. |last13=Shirokovsky |first14=M. V. |last14=Shumeiko |first15=Yu. S. |last15=Tsyganov |first16=A. A. |last16=Voinov |first17=V. G. |last17=Subbotin |first18=A. M. |last18=Sukhov |first19=A. V. |last19=Karpov |first20=A. G. |last20=Popeko |first21=A. V. |last21=Sabel'nikov |first22=A. I. |last22=Svirikhin |first23=G. K. |last23=Vostokin |first24=J. H. |last24=Hamilton |first25=N. D. |last25=Kovrinzhykh |first26=L. |last26=Schlattauer |first27=M. A. |last27=Stoyer |first28=Z. |last28=Gan |first29=W. X. |last29=Huang |first30=L. |last30=Ma |date=30 Januari 2018 |title=Neutron-deficient superheavy nuclei obtained in the <sup>240</sup>Pu+<sup>48</sup>Ca reaction |journal=Physical Review C |volume=97 |issue=14320 |pages=014320 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.97.014320|bibcode=2018PhRvC..97a4320U }}</ref> | dm=SF | de= | pn= | ps=}}
⚫
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=266 | sym=Rf | na=sintetis | hl=23&nbsp;dtk? | dm=SF | de= | pn= | ps=}}
⚫
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=267 | sym=Rf | na=sintetis | hl=1,3&nbsp;jam<ref name=nuclidetable/> | dm=SF | de= | pn= | ps=}}
|isotopes comment=
|naming=dari [[Ernest Rutherford|E. Rutherford]]
|discovered by=[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] dan [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory|Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Berkeley]]
|discovery date=1964, 1969
|QID=Q1226
}}<noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Rf}}
{{Template reference list}}
[[Kategori:Templat kotak info tabel periodik|Ruterfordium]]
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}


</noinclude>
</noinclude>

Revisi terkini sejak 17 Maret 2023 06.05

104Rf
Ruterfordium
Konfigurasi elektron ruterfordium
Sifat umum
Pengucapan/rutêrfordium/[1]
Penampilantak diketahui
Ruterfordium dalam tabel periodik
Perbesar gambar

104Rf
Hidrogen Helium
Lithium Berilium Boron Karbon Nitrogen Oksigen Fluor Neon
Natrium Magnesium Aluminium Silikon Fosfor Sulfur Clor Argon
Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Mangan Besi Cobalt Nikel Tembaga Seng Gallium Germanium Arsen Selen Bromin Kripton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Hf
↑
Rf
↓
(Upo)
lawrensium ← ruterfordium → dubnium
Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar
Nomor atom (Z)104
Golongangolongan 4
Periodeperiode 7
Blokblok-d
Kategori unsur  logam transisi
Nomor massa[267]
Konfigurasi elektron[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Elektron per kelopak2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
Sifat fisik
Fase pada STS (0 °C dan 101,325 kPa)padat (diprediksi)[2][3]
Titik lebur2400 K ​(2100 °C, ​3800 °F) (diprediksi)[2][3]
Titik didih5800 K ​(5500 °C, ​9900 °F) (diprediksi)[2][3]
Kepadatan mendekati s.k.17 g/cm3 (diprediksi)[4][5]
Sifat atom
Bilangan oksidasi(+2), (+3), +4[2][3][6] (tanda kurung: prediksi)
Energi ionisasike-1: 580 kJ/mol
ke-2: 1390 kJ/mol
ke-3: 2300 kJ/mol
(artikel) (semuanya kecuali yang pertama merupakan perkiraan)[3]
Jari-jari atomempiris: 150 pm (diperkirakan)[3]
Jari-jari kovalen157 pm (diperkirakan)[2]
Lain-lain
Kelimpahan alamisintetis
Struktur kristal ​susunan padat heksagon (hcp)
Struktur kristal Hexagonal close-packed untuk ruterfordium

(diprediksi)[7]
Nomor CAS53850-36-5
Sejarah
Penamaandari E. Rutherford
PenemuanJoint Institute for Nuclear Research dan Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Berkeley (1964, 1969)
Isotop ruterfordium yang utama
Iso­top Kelim­pahan Waktu paruh (t1/2) Mode peluruhan Pro­duk
261Rf sintetis 70 dtk[8] >80% α 257No
<15% ε 261Lr
<10% SF
263Rf sintetis 15 mnt[8] <100% SF
~30% α 259No
265Rf sintetis 1,1 mnt[9] SF
266Rf sintetis 23 dtk? SF
267Rf sintetis 1,3 jam[8] SF
| referensi | di Wikidata
<nama unsur>PT
 ←
iso0Rf
 
 → H

Referensi

Daftar referensi akan muncul dalam artikel utama.
  1. ^ (Indonesia) "Ruterfordium". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022. 
  2. ^ a b c d e "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Diakses tanggal 16 Juli 2022. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". Dalam Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (edisi ke-3). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5. 
  4. ^ Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Sikka, S. K. (10 Mei 2011). "Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals". Physical Review B. 83 (17): 172101. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..83q2101G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101. 
  5. ^ Kratz; Lieser (2013). Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications (edisi ke-3). hlm. 631. 
  6. ^ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Diakses tanggal 16 Juli 2022. 
  7. ^ Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11): 113104. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104. 
  8. ^ a b c Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Diakses tanggal 6 Agustus 2022. 
  9. ^ Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Dimitriev, S. N.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Itkis, M. G.; Miernik, K.; Polyakov, A. N.; Roberto, J. B.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shumeiko, M. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Karpov, A. V.; Popeko, A. G.; Sabel'nikov, A. V.; Svirikhin, A. I.; Vostokin, G. K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Kovrinzhykh, N. D.; Schlattauer, L.; Stoyer, M. A.; Gan, Z.; Huang, W. X.; Ma, L. (30 Januari 2018). "Neutron-deficient superheavy nuclei obtained in the 240Pu+48Ca reaction". Physical Review C. 97 (14320): 014320. Bibcode:2018PhRvC..97a4320U. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.014320. 


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