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{{Infobox Military Conflict |
{{Infobox Military Conflict |
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|image=[[Berkas:SomervillePowderhouse1935.jpg|150px]] |
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|caption=Old Powder House di [[Somerville, Massachusetts]], tahun 1935, di atas bukit Nathan Tufts Park menghadap [[Powder House Square]] |
|caption=Old Powder House di [[Somerville, Massachusetts]], tahun 1935, di atas bukit Nathan Tufts Park menghadap [[Powder House Square]] |
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|conflict=Powder Alarm |
|conflict=Powder Alarm |
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{{Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Boston}} |
{{Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Boston}} |
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'''Powder Alarm''' adalah rekasi masyarakat besar-besaran terhadap penarikan bubuk mesiu dari [[magasin (artileri)|magasin]] oleh tentara [[Kerajaan Britania Raya|Britania]] di bawah perintah Jenderal [[Thomas Gage]], gubernur kerajaan [[Provinsi Massachusetts Bay]], pada tanggal 1 September 774. Sebagai tanggapan terhadap tindakan tersebut, meski tersebar rumor bahwa terjadi peristiwa berdarah, alarm menyebar ke seluruh peddesaan hingga [[Koloni Connecticut|Connecticut]] dan seterusnya, dan [[Patriot (Revolusi Amerika Serikat)|Patriot Amerika]] mulai beraksi, takut terjadi perang. |
'''Powder Alarm''' adalah rekasi masyarakat besar-besaran terhadap penarikan bubuk mesiu dari [[magasin (artileri)|magasin]] oleh tentara [[Kerajaan Britania Raya|Britania]] di bawah perintah Jenderal [[Thomas Gage]], gubernur kerajaan [[Provinsi Massachusetts Bay]], pada tanggal 1 September 774. Sebagai tanggapan terhadap tindakan tersebut, meski tersebar rumor bahwa terjadi peristiwa berdarah, alarm menyebar ke seluruh peddesaan hingga [[Koloni Connecticut|Connecticut]] dan seterusnya, dan [[Patriot (Revolusi Amerika Serikat)|Patriot Amerika]] mulai beraksi, takut terjadi perang. |
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Meski kelak terbukti sebagai alarm palsu, Powder Alarm mengakibatkan para pemimpin politik dan militer berhati-hati pada hari-hari selanjutnya, dan lantas menciptakan "latihan awal" untuk [[Pertempuran Lexington dan Concord]] tujuh setengah bulan kemudian. Selain itu, aksi dari kedua pihak untuk mengontrol persenjataan, bubuk mesiu, dan suplai militer lainnya semakin menjadi-jadi, ketika Britania berupaya membawa persediaan militer ke dalam pengawasan mereka, dan kolonis Patriot berupaya mengambilnya untuk keperluan sendiri. |
Meski kelak terbukti sebagai alarm palsu, Powder Alarm mengakibatkan para pemimpin politik dan militer berhati-hati pada hari-hari selanjutnya, dan lantas menciptakan "latihan awal" untuk [[Pertempuran Lexington dan Concord]] tujuh setengah bulan kemudian. Selain itu, aksi dari kedua pihak untuk mengontrol persenjataan, bubuk mesiu, dan suplai militer lainnya semakin menjadi-jadi, ketika Britania berupaya membawa persediaan militer ke dalam pengawasan mereka, dan kolonis Patriot berupaya mengambilnya untuk keperluan sendiri. |
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==Lihat pula== |
== Lihat pula == |
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*[[Insiden Bubuk Mesiu]] — peristiwa sejenis di [[Koloni Virginia|Virginia]] |
* [[Insiden Bubuk Mesiu]] — peristiwa sejenis di [[Koloni Virginia|Virginia]] |
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==Catatan kaki== |
== Catatan kaki == |
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{{reflist|2}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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*{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fFUQAAAAYAAJ|title=History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Volume 7|first=George|last=Bancroft|publisher=Little, Brown, and Co|year=1860|location=Boston|ref=Bancroft}} |
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fFUQAAAAYAAJ|title=History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Volume 7|first=George|last=Bancroft|publisher=Little, Brown, and Co|year=1860|location=Boston|ref=Bancroft}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|title=Paul Revere's Ride|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1994|isbn=0-19-508847-6|ref=Fischer|oclc=263430392}} |
* {{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|title=Paul Revere's Ride|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195088472|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1994|isbn=0-19-508847-6|ref=Fischer|oclc=263430392}} |
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*{{cite book |
* {{cite book|last = French|first = Allen|authorlink =Allen French|title = The Siege of Boston|publisher = McMillan|date = 1911|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PqZcY9z3Vn4C|ref=French|location=New York|oclc=3927532}} |
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*{{cite book |
* {{cite book|last = Frothingham, Jr|first = Richard|authorlink =|title = History of the Siege of Boston and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Cu9BAAAAIAAJ|publisher = Little and Brown|date = 1851|ref=Frothingham|oclc=11529241|location=Boston}} |
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*{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iFVMkRsFQh4C|title=The Journals of Each Provincial Congress of Massachusetts in 1774 and 1775|author=Massachusetts Provincial Congress|publisher=Dutton and Wentworth, Printers to the state|year=1774|ref=JCong}} |
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iFVMkRsFQh4C|title=The Journals of Each Provincial Congress of Massachusetts in 1774 and 1775|author=Massachusetts Provincial Congress|publisher=Dutton and Wentworth, Printers to the state|year=1774|ref=JCong}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Raphael|first=Ray|title=The First American Revolution: Before Lexington and Concord|city=New York|publisher=The New Press|year=2002|ref=Raphael|oclc=1571226|location=New York|isbn=978-1-56584-815-3}} |
* {{cite book|last=Raphael|first=Ray|title=The First American Revolution: Before Lexington and Concord|url=https://archive.org/details/firstamericanrev00raph|city=New York|publisher=The New Press|year=2002|ref=Raphael|oclc=1571226|location=New York|isbn=978-1-56584-815-3}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Powder Alarm 1774|first=Robert P|last=Richmond|publisher=Auerbach|year=1971|ref=Richmond|isbn=978-0-87769-073-3|location=Princeton, NJ|oclc=162197}} |
* {{cite book|title=Powder Alarm 1774|url=https://archive.org/details/powderalarm177400rich|first=Robert P|last=Richmond|publisher=Auerbach|year=1971|ref=Richmond|isbn=978-0-87769-073-3|location=Princeton, NJ|oclc=162197}} |
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*{{cite book|title=A County in Revolution: Essex County at the dawning of independence|first=Ronald N|last=Tagney|publisher=The Cricket Press|year=1976|ref=Tagney|oclc=3423404|location=Manchester, MA}} |
* {{cite book|title=A County in Revolution: Essex County at the dawning of independence|first=Ronald N|last=Tagney|publisher=The Cricket Press|year=1976|ref=Tagney|oclc=3423404|location=Manchester, MA}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Daily Life During the American Revolution|first=Dorothy Denneen|last=Volo|coauthors=Volo, James M|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2003|isbn=978-0-313-31844-3|ref=Vololocation=Westport, CT|oclc=473265703}} |
* {{cite book|title=Daily Life During the American Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/dailylifeduringa0000volo|first=Dorothy Denneen|last=Volo|coauthors=Volo, James M|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2003|isbn=978-0-313-31844-3|ref=Vololocation=Westport, CT|oclc=473265703}} |
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==Pranala luar== |
== Pranala luar == |
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*[http://www.masshist.org/revolution/image-viewer.php?item_id=495&mode=small&nmask=8&img_step=1&tpc=#page1 John Rowe's Diary, September 1–4, 1774] at the [[Massachusetts Historical Society]] |
* [http://www.masshist.org/revolution/image-viewer.php?item_id=495&mode=small&nmask=8&img_step=1&tpc=#page1 John Rowe's Diary, September 1–4, 1774] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211142533/http://www.masshist.org/revolution/image-viewer.php?item_id=495&mode=small&nmask=8&img_step=1&tpc=#page1 |date=2012-02-11 }} at the [[Massachusetts Historical Society]] |
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*[http://www.familytales.org/dbDisplay.php?id=ltr_aba1707 Abigail Adams letter to John Adams describing the events] |
* [http://www.familytales.org/dbDisplay.php?id=ltr_aba1707 Abigail Adams letter to John Adams describing the events] |
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*[http://www.concordma.com/magazine/spring05/cannons.html Article on theft of cannon from Boston in the wake of the Alarm] |
* [http://www.concordma.com/magazine/spring05/cannons.html Article on theft of cannon from Boston in the wake of the Alarm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212161100/http://concordma.com/magazine/spring05/cannons.html |date=2009-02-12 }} |
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*[http://www.salemhistoryonline.com/PowderAlarm.html Leslie's Retreat] (a recounting of the Salem confrontation) |
* [http://www.salemhistoryonline.com/PowderAlarm.html Leslie's Retreat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905151753/http://www.salemhistoryonline.com/PowderAlarm.html |date=2008-09-05 }} (a recounting of the Salem confrontation) |
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*[http://www.library.unh.edu/special/index.php/exhibits/capture-of-fort-william-and-mary/ Portsmouth Alarm exhibit] at the University of New Hampshire |
* [http://www.library.unh.edu/special/index.php/exhibits/capture-of-fort-william-and-mary/ Portsmouth Alarm exhibit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207152044/http://www.library.unh.edu/special/index.php/exhibits/capture-of-fort-william-and-mary/ |date=2009-02-07 }} at the University of New Hampshire |
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[[Kategori:Tiga Belas Koloni dalam tahun 1774]] |
[[Kategori:Tiga Belas Koloni dalam tahun 1774]] |
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[[Kategori:Sejarah Tiga Belas Koloni]] |
[[Kategori:Sejarah Tiga Belas Koloni]] |
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[[Kategori:Massachusetts dalam tahun 1774]] |
[[Kategori:Massachusetts dalam tahun 1774]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 10 Oktober 2023 15.37
| Powder Alarm | |||||||
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| Bagian dari the Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat | |||||||
 Old Powder House di Somerville, Massachusetts, tahun 1935, di atas bukit Nathan Tufts Park menghadap Powder House Square | |||||||
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Powder Alarm adalah rekasi masyarakat besar-besaran terhadap penarikan bubuk mesiu dari magasin oleh tentara Britania di bawah perintah Jenderal Thomas Gage, gubernur kerajaan Provinsi Massachusetts Bay, pada tanggal 1 September 774. Sebagai tanggapan terhadap tindakan tersebut, meski tersebar rumor bahwa terjadi peristiwa berdarah, alarm menyebar ke seluruh peddesaan hingga Connecticut dan seterusnya, dan Patriot Amerika mulai beraksi, takut terjadi perang.
Meski kelak terbukti sebagai alarm palsu, Powder Alarm mengakibatkan para pemimpin politik dan militer berhati-hati pada hari-hari selanjutnya, dan lantas menciptakan "latihan awal" untuk Pertempuran Lexington dan Concord tujuh setengah bulan kemudian. Selain itu, aksi dari kedua pihak untuk mengontrol persenjataan, bubuk mesiu, dan suplai militer lainnya semakin menjadi-jadi, ketika Britania berupaya membawa persediaan militer ke dalam pengawasan mereka, dan kolonis Patriot berupaya mengambilnya untuk keperluan sendiri.
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Insiden Bubuk Mesiu — peristiwa sejenis di Virginia
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bancroft, George (1860). History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Volume 7. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co.
- Fischer, David Hackett (1994). Paul Revere's Ride. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508847-6. OCLC 263430392.
- French, Allen (1911). The Siege of Boston. New York: McMillan. OCLC 3927532.
- Frothingham, Jr, Richard (1851). History of the Siege of Boston and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. Boston: Little and Brown. OCLC 11529241.
- Massachusetts Provincial Congress (1774). The Journals of Each Provincial Congress of Massachusetts in 1774 and 1775. Dutton and Wentworth, Printers to the state.
- Raphael, Ray (2002). The First American Revolution: Before Lexington and Concord. New York: The New Press. ISBN 978-1-56584-815-3. OCLC 1571226.
- Richmond, Robert P (1971). Powder Alarm 1774. Princeton, NJ: Auerbach. ISBN 978-0-87769-073-3. OCLC 162197.
- Tagney, Ronald N (1976). A County in Revolution: Essex County at the dawning of independence. Manchester, MA: The Cricket Press. OCLC 3423404.
- Volo, Dorothy Denneen (2003). Daily Life During the American Revolution. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31844-3. OCLC 473265703.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- John Rowe's Diary, September 1–4, 1774 Diarsipkan 2012-02-11 di Wayback Machine. at the Massachusetts Historical Society
- Abigail Adams letter to John Adams describing the events
- Article on theft of cannon from Boston in the wake of the Alarm Diarsipkan 2009-02-12 di Wayback Machine.
- Leslie's Retreat Diarsipkan 2008-09-05 di Wayback Machine. (a recounting of the Salem confrontation)
- Portsmouth Alarm exhibit Diarsipkan 2009-02-07 di Wayback Machine. at the University of New Hampshire