Lompat ke isi

Perang Gaza (2008-2009): Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
JThorneBOT (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
65.282 suntingan
→‎Referensi: clean up, removed: {{Link FA|fa}}
Illchy (bicara | kontrib)
30.084 suntingan
k Illchy memindahkan halaman Perang Gaza (2008–2009) ke Perang Gaza (2008-2009)
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan
 
(15 revisi perantara oleh 9 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009
| conflict = Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009
|partof=[[Konflik Israel-Palestina]]
| partof = [[Konflik Israel-Palestina]]
|image=[[Berkas:Gaza conflict map.png|300px]]
| image = [[Berkas:Gaza Strip map2 id.svg|300px]]
|caption=Wilayah konflik
| caption = Wilayah konflik
|date=27 Desember 2008–18 Januari 2009
| date = 27 Desember 2008–18 Januari 2009
|place=[[Jalur Gaza]] & [[Distrik Selatan (Israel)|Israel Selatan]]
| place = [[Jalur Gaza]] & [[Distrik Selatan (Israel)|Israel Selatan]]
|casus= Serangan [[roket Qassam]] terhadap [[Sderot]] dan [[Kibbutzim]] sekitarnya.
| casus = Serangan [[roket Qassam]] terhadap [[Sderot]] dan [[Kibbutzim]] sekitarnya.
|result=Israel dan Hamas saling menyatakan (dengan sepihak) gencatan senjata
| result = Israel dan Hamas saling menyatakan (dengan sepihak) gencatan senjata
|combatant1={{negaranama|Israel}}
| combatant1 = {{negaranama|Israel}}
|combatant2=[[Berkas:Flag of Hamas.svg|22px]] [[Hamas]]{{br}}[[Berkas:PFLP svg.png|22px]] [[PFLP (Palestina)|Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina]] {{br}} [[Berkas:PIJ emblem.png|22px]] [[Jihad Islam Palestina]] [http://english.aljazeera.net/mritems/Images//2009/1/20/200912091554774734_8.jpg][http://www.pflp.ps/english/?q=pflp-our-position-ceasefire-calm-and-weapons-resis]{{br}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Hamas]]{{br}}{{flagicon image|PFLP svg.png}} [[PFLP (Palestina)|Front Pembebasan Untuk Rakyat Palestina]]{{br}}{{flagicon image|Black flag.svg}} [[Jihad Islam Palestina]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/mritems/Images//2009/1/20/200912091554774734_8.jpg][http://www.pflp.ps/english/?q=pflp-our-position-ceasefire-calm-and-weapons-resis}}</ref>
|commander1= {{negara|Israel}} [[Ehud Barak]] {{br}} {{negara|Israel}} [[Gabi Ashkenazi]] {{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Ido Nehoshtan]] ([[Israeli Air Force|IAF]]){{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Eli Marom]] ([[Israeli Navy|ISC]]){{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Yoav Galant]] ([[Southern Command (Israel)|SoCom]]){{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Yair Golan]] ([[Home Front Command|HFC]]) {{br}}
| commander1 = {{negara|Israel}} [[Ehud Barak]] {{br}} {{negara|Israel}} [[Gabi Ashkenazi]] {{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Ido Nehoshtan]] ([[Israeli Air Force|IAF]]){{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Eli Marom]] ([[Israeli Navy|ISC]]){{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Yoav Galant]] ([[Southern Command (Israel)|SoCom]]){{br}} {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Yair Golan]] ([[Home Front Command|HFC]]) {{br}}
|commander2= [[Berkas:Flag of Hamas.svg|22px]] [[Ismail Haniyeh]] {{br}} [[Berkas:Flag of Hamas.svg|22px]] [[Mahmoud az-Zahar]] {{br}} [[Berkas:Flag of Hamas.svg|22px]] [[Ahmed al-Ja'abari]] {{br}} [[Berkas:Flag of Hamas.svg|22px]] [[Osama Mazini]] {{br}} [[Berkas:PFLP svg.png|22px]] [[Ahmed Jibril]] {{br}} [[Berkas:PIJ emblem.png|22px]] [[Abdullah Shallah]]
| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Hamas}} [[Ismail Haniyeh]]{{br}}{{Flagicon|Hamas}} [[Mahmoud az-Zahar]]{{br}}{{Flagicon|Hamas}} [[Ahmed al-Ja'abari]] {{br}}{{Flagicon|Hamas}} [[Osama Mazini]]{{br}}{{flagicon image|PFLP svg.png}} [[Ahmed Jibril]]{{br}}{{flagicon image|Black flag.svg}} [[Abdullah Shallah]]
|strength1=176.500 tentara reguler (total)<ref name="INSS">[http://www.inss.org.il/upload/(FILE)1206270841.pdf The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel], 23 Maret 2008.</ref>
| strength1 = 176.500 tentara reguler (total)<ref name="INSS">[http://www.inss.org.il/upload/(FILE)1206270841.pdf The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813024448/http://www.inss.org.il/upload/%28FILE%291206270841.pdf |date=2008-08-13 }}, 23 Maret 2008.</ref>
|strength2=10.000<ref>Artikel [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3360655,00.html "''Religious war in Gaza''"] di Ynetnews.com</ref>
| strength2 = 10.000<ref>Artikel [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3360655,00.html "''Religious war in Gaza''"] di Ynetnews.com</ref>
20.000 anggota Hamas di Gaza
20.000 anggota Hamas di Gaza
|casualties1='''Jumlah terbunuh''': 13<ref name=reuters2009jan12>[http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre5053r7-us-palestinians-israel/ Israel tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza]. By Nidal al-Mughrabi. 12 Januari 2009. [[Reuters]].</ref><ref name=latimes2009jan13>[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/asection/la-fg-gaza13-2009jan13,0,6944643.story Israel steps up attacks in Gaza; Hamas indicates it's open to a truce]. By Sebastian Rotella and Rushdi abu Alouf. January 13, 2009. [[LA Times]].</ref> {{br}}Tentara: 10<ref name="HamasRocketTeam">{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/10/israel.gaza/?iref=mpstoryview|title= Hamas rocket team leader killed, Israel says|publisher=CNN|date=January 10, 2009}}</ref>{{br}} Warga sipil: 3<ref name="HamasRocketTeam"/><ref name=embassy4>[http://www.israelemb.org/Operation%20Cast%20Lead/Website4.htm Current events]. [[Diplomatic missions of Israel|Embassy of Israel in Washington DC]]. In the middle of the page is a list of four Israelis killed by rocket and mortar fire. One was a soldier killed on a military base inside Israel. This explains the confusion in counting civilian and military dead in some articles.</ref>{{br}}
| casualties1 = '''Jumlah terbunuh''': 14<ref name=reuters2009jan12>[http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre5053r7-us-palestinians-israel/ Israel tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109194300/http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre5053r7-us-palestinians-israel/ |date=2009-01-09 }}. By Nidal al-Mughrabi. 12 Januari 2009. [[Reuters]].</ref><ref name=latimes2009jan13>[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/asection/la-fg-gaza13-2009jan13,0,6944643.story Israel steps up attacks in Gaza; Hamas indicates it's open to a truce]. By Sebastian Rotella and Rushdi abu Alouf. January 13, 2009. [[LA Times]].</ref> {{br}}Tentara: 11<ref name="HamasRocketTeam">{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/10/israel.gaza/?iref=mpstoryview|title= Hamas rocket team leader killed, Israel says|publisher=CNN|date=January 10, 2009}}</ref>{{br}} Warga sipil: 3<ref name="HamasRocketTeam"/><ref name=embassy4>[http://www.israelemb.org/Operation%20Cast%20Lead/Website4.htm Current events]. [[Diplomatic missions of Israel|Embassy of Israel in Washington DC]]. In the middle of the page is a list of four Israelis killed by rocket and mortar fire. One was a soldier killed on a military base inside Israel. This explains the confusion in counting civilian and military dead in some articles.</ref>{{br}}
'''Jumlah terluka''': 424{{br}}Tentara: 242<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7832406.stm</ref><ref>http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1056207.html</ref>{{br}}Warga sipil: 182<ref name=ocha2009jan19>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_19_english.pdf Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. 19 January 2009]. Jan. 19, 2009. OCHA oPt ([[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] - occupied Palestinian territory).[http://www.ochaopt.org]</ref><ref name=jpost2009jan6>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1231167267556&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull "Rocket slams into Ashdod kindergarten"]. Jan 6, 2009. ''[[Jerusalem Post]].'' "''Four Israelis have been killed, 10 moderately to seriously wounded, and 29 slightly wounded. Another 144 have been treated for shock.''"</ref> {{br}}{{br}}'''Versi Hamas''': {{br}} Tewas: 227 {{br}} Terluka: 207 [http://sabili.co.id/index.php/20090117702/Islami/Korban-Serdadu-Israel-Versi-Brigade-Al-Quds.htm] {{br}} Tank: 47 {{br}} Pesawat tempur: 3 {{br}} Pesawat tanpa awak: 1 [http://www.infopalestina.com/ms/default.aspx?xyz=U6Qq7k%2bcOd87MDI46m9rUxJEpMO%2bi1s764JtPfeAfyNxL3%2f7SMf6pRAjqzwAyYCpr4hlKZC7iiUF%2bSX5hbpe1ifu7TkeAp%2f5nGkvMnkuajsDVf5NfbNppjvElQZQOY4T8gJYBiO6pu0%3d] {{br}}
'''Jumlah terluka''': 424{{br}}Tentara: 242<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7832406.stm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1056207.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2009-01-20 |archive-date=2009-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119163537/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1056207.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{br}}Warga sipil: 182<ref name=ocha2009jan19>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_19_english.pdf Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. 19 January 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121142936/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_19_english.pdf |date=2009-01-21 }}. Jan. 19, 2009. OCHA oPt ([[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] - occupied Palestinian territory).[http://www.ochaopt.org]</ref><ref name=jpost2009jan6>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1231167267556&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull "Rocket slams into Ashdod kindergarten"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119101258/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1231167267556&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |date=2012-01-19 }}. Jan 6, 2009. ''[[Jerusalem Post]].'' "''Four Israelis have been killed, 10 moderately to seriously wounded, and 29 slightly wounded. Another 144 have been treated for shock.''"</ref> {{br}}{{br}}'''Versi Hamas''': {{br}} Tewas: 227 {{br}} Terluka: 207 [http://sabili.co.id/index.php/20090117702/Islami/Korban-Serdadu-Israel-Versi-Brigade-Al-Quds.htm] {{br}} Tank: 47 {{br}} Pesawat tempur: 3 {{br}} Pesawat tanpa awak: 1 [http://www.infopalestina.com/ms/default.aspx?xyz=U6Qq7k%2bcOd87MDI46m9rUxJEpMO%2bi1s764JtPfeAfyNxL3%2f7SMf6pRAjqzwAyYCpr4hlKZC7iiUF%2bSX5hbpe1ifu7TkeAp%2f5nGkvMnkuajsDVf5NfbNppjvElQZQOY4T8gJYBiO6pu0%3d] {{br}}
|casualties2='''Jumlah terbunuh''': 1.314*<ref name=ocha2009jan19/>{{br}}Militan dan polisi: 48<small> (HAMAS)</small><ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html Hamas declares victory in Gaza claiming it lost only 48 fighters]</ref>, 400-650'''**''' <small>([[Angkatan Pertahanan Israel|IDF]])</small><ref name=jpost2009jan13>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1231774433925&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Discrepancies over number of Palestinian civilian deaths]. Jan. 13, 2009. ''[[Jerusalem Post]].''</ref>{{br}}Warga sipil: ~700'''***'''<small>([[Reuters]])</small>, 904+'''***'''<small>([[Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|PCHR]])</small><ref name=reuters2009jan18>[http://www.reuters.com/article/featuredCrisis/idUSLI281248 After ceasefire, Israel examines fallout of Gaza war]. By Luke Baker. Jan. 18, 2009. [[Reuters]].</ref><ref name=pchr2009jan17>[http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/PressR/English/2008/18-2009.html 23rd Day of Continuous IOF Attacks on the Gaza Strip]. 18 January 2009. [[Palestinian Center for Human Rights]].</ref> {{br}}
| casualties2 = '''Jumlah terbunuh''': 1.314<ref name=ocha2009jan19/>{{br}}Militan dan polisi: 168<small> (per Hamas)</small>,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html Hamas declares victory in Gaza claiming it lost only 48 fighters]</ref> 400-650''' <small>([[Angkatan Pertahanan Israel|Per IDF]])</small><ref name=jpost2009jan13>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1231774433925&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Discrepancies over number of Palestinian civilian deaths]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Jan. 13, 2009. ''[[Jerusalem Post]].''</ref>{{br}}Warga sipil: ~700'''<small>([[Reuters]])</small>, 926'''<small>([[Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|Per PCHR]])</small><ref name=reuters2009jan18>[http://www.reuters.com/article/featuredCrisis/idUSLI281248 After ceasefire, Israel examines fallout of Gaza war]. By Luke Baker. Jan. 18, 2009. [[Reuters]].</ref><ref name=pchr2009jan17>[http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/PressR/English/2008/18-2009.html 23rd Day of Continuous IOF Attacks on the Gaza Strip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124003400/http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/PressR/English/2008/18-2009.html |date=2009-01-24 }}. 18 January 2009. [[Palestinian Center for Human Rights]].</ref> {{br}}
'''Jumlah terluka''': 5.300'''****'''<small>([[Kementerian Kesehatan (Palestina)]])</small><ref name=ocha2009jan19/><ref name=reuters2009jan17>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/UKNews1/idUKTRE50F27120090117 FACTBOX - Developments in Gaza fighting on January 17]. January 17, 2009. [[Reuters]].</ref>
'''Jumlah terluka''': 5.300'''<small>([[Kementerian Kesehatan (Palestina)]])</small><ref name=ocha2009jan19/><ref name=reuters2009jan17>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/UKNews1/idUKTRE50F27120090117 FACTBOX - Developments in Gaza fighting on January 17]. January 17, 2009. [[Reuters]].</ref>
|casualties3=Seorang petugas perbatasan [[Mesir]] tewas dan tiga petugas perbatasan dan dua anak-anak terluka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=605368&sid=126|title=קצין מצרי נהרג מירי אנשי חמאס סמוך למעבר רפיח|last=סוכנויות הידיעות|publisher=nana10.co.il|language=Hebrew|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><!--Source for two guards, kids wounded--><ref>{{cite news|title=Two Egyptian Children, Police Injured in Israeli Air Strike Near Gaza Border|url=http://voanews.com/english/2009-01-11-voa20.cfm|date=2009-01-11|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090115043836/http://voanews.com/english/2009-01-11-voa20.cfm|archivedate=2009-01-15}}</ref>{{br}}
| casualties3 = Seorang petugas perbatasan [[Mesir]] tewas dan tiga petugas perbatasan dan dua anak-anak terluka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=605368&sid=126|title=קצין מצרי נהרג מירי אנשי חמאס סמוך למעבר רפיח|last=סוכנויות הידיעות|publisher=nana10.co.il|language=Hebrew|accessdate=2009-01-01|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225083951/https://www.10.tv/news/36331|dead-url=yes}}</ref><!--Source for two guards, kids wounded--><ref>{{cite news|title=Two Egyptian Children, Police Injured in Israeli Air Strike Near Gaza Border|url=http://voanews.com/english/2009-01-11-voa20.cfm|date=2009-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115043836/http://voanews.com/english/2009-01-11-voa20.cfm|archivedate=2009-01-15|access-date=2009-01-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>{{br}}
Lebih dari 50.800 warga Gaza kehilangan tempat tinggal.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7838618.stm "Gaza homeless toll 'hits 50,000'"] ''news.bcc.co.uk'' 19 January 2009 Link retrieved 19-01-09</ref> {{br}}
Lebih dari 50.800 warga Gaza kehilangan tempat tinggal.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7838618.stm "Gaza homeless toll 'hits 50,000'"] ''news.bcc.co.uk'' 19 January 2009 Link retrieved 19-01-09</ref> {{br}}
|notes='''*'''Jumlah korban jiwa dan status warga sipil/pejuang di Gaza belum dapat dipastikan secara independen.<ref name=guardian2009jan15>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/15/human-rights-gaza-israel Israeli human rights groups speak out as death toll passes 1,000]. Jan. 15, 2009. Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem and Sarah Boseley. [[The Guardian]]</ref><ref name=bbc2009jan14>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7828884.stm More than 1,000 killed in Gaza']. Jan. 14, 2009. ''[[BBC News]].''</ref><ref name=afp2009jan11>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/the-macabre-count-of-a-doctor-in-gaza/2009/01/11/1231608508946.html The macabre count of a doctor in Gaza]. Jan. 11, 2009. [[Agence France-Presse]].</ref><ref name=bbc2009jan5>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7811386.stm Gaza conflict: Who is a civilian?]. By Heather Sharp. January 5 2009. [[BBC News]].</ref><ref name=observer2009jan4>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/04/israel-gaza-hamas-hidden-agenda Why Israel went to war in Gaza]. Jan. 4, 2009. By Chris McGreal in Jerusalem. ''[[The Observer]].''</ref>{{br}}
| notes = '''*'''Jumlah korban jiwa dan status warga sipil/pejuang di Gaza belum dapat dipastikan secara independen.<ref name=guardian2009jan15>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/15/human-rights-gaza-israel Israeli human rights groups speak out as death toll passes 1,000]. Jan. 15, 2009. Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem and Sarah Boseley. [[The Guardian]]</ref><ref name=bbc2009jan14>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7828884.stm More than 1,000 killed in Gaza']. Jan. 14, 2009. ''[[BBC News]].''</ref><ref name=afp2009jan11>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/the-macabre-count-of-a-doctor-in-gaza/2009/01/11/1231608508946.html The macabre count of a doctor in Gaza]. Jan. 11, 2009. [[Agence France-Presse]].</ref><ref name=bbc2009jan5>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7811386.stm Gaza conflict: Who is a civilian?]. By Heather Sharp. January 5 2009. [[BBC News]].</ref><ref name=observer2009jan4>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/04/israel-gaza-hamas-hidden-agenda Why Israel went to war in Gaza]. Jan. 4, 2009. By Chris McGreal in Jerusalem. ''[[The Observer]].''</ref>{{br}}
'''**'''[[Angkatan Pertahanan Israel|IDF]] mengklaim bahwa korban yang tewas adalah "anggota Hamas".<ref name=jpost2009jan13/> 168 polisi yang tewas (138 saat serangan udara awal) dianggap IDF sebagai pejuang musuh sementara [[Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|PCHR]] menganggap mereka warga sipil.<ref name=pchr2009jan17/><ref>{{cite news|title=Hamas: 120 police dead, 95% of security buildings demolished and hundreds of civilians slain|url=http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=34375}}</ref>{{br}}
'''**'''[[Angkatan Pertahanan Israel|IDF]] mengklaim bahwa korban yang tewas adalah "anggota Hamas".<ref name=jpost2009jan13/> 168 polisi yang tewas (138 saat serangan udara awal) dianggap IDF sebagai pejuang musuh sementara [[Palestinian Centre for Human Rights|PCHR]] menganggap mereka warga sipil.<ref name=pchr2009jan17/><ref>{{cite news|title=Hamas: 120 police dead, 95% of security buildings demolished and hundreds of civilians slain|url=http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=34375|access-date=2009-01-20|archive-date=2008-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231091004/http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=34375|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{br}}
'''***'''Tidak ada perkiraan korban jiwa warga sipil pria yang bukan manula. Sekitar 723 korban jiwa adalah: 4 petugas PBB<ref name=ocha2009jan14/><ref>[http://www.13wmaz.com/article/20090108/NEWS04/90108015 Israeli Forces Fired on U.N. Aid Convoy 'Truce']. Jan. 8, 2009. [[CNN]].</ref> dan 13 petugas medis,<ref name=ocha2009jan14>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_14_english.pdf Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator]. January 14, 2009. OCHA oPt ([[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] - occupied Palestinian territory).[http://www.ochaopt.org]</ref><ref>[http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&Do=&ID=34876 Report: 36 new doctors allowed into Gaza]. Jan. 11, 2009. Maan News Agency.</ref> 4 jurnalis,<ref name=IFEX>{{cite web|title=Two Israeli channels, BBC permitted brief access to Gaza strip; IFJ denounces "cynical attempt to ensure that media tell the story from the Israeli side only"|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/CJAL-7N5RUH?OpenDocument|publisher=ReliefWeb|author=[[IFEX]]|date=January 9, 2009|accessdate=2009-01-09}}</ref> 3 pemain sepak bola,<ref>http://en.rian.ru/world/20090114/119490704.html</ref> 412 anak-anak,<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> 110 wanita,<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> 97 manula,<ref name=wafa2009jan12>[http://english.wafa.ps/?action=detail&id=12514 Gaza Tragedy: 280 Children, 76 Women, 97 Elderly Killed Among 905 Martyrs]. Jan. 12, 2009. ''WAFA. Palestine News Agency''.</ref><ref>[http://en.rian.ru/world/20090111/119414133.html Half of Gaza dead 'children, women and elderly'].</ref> dan 40-80 orang yang dieksekusi Hamas.<ref name="Haaretz Hamas">Amira Hass, [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1053825.html "Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement"], Ha'aretz 10-01-2009</ref> Selain itu dua warga asing, seorang wanita Ukraina dan anaknya juga termasuk korban jiwa.<ref>http://www.interfax.com/3/460918/news.aspx</ref>{{br}}
'''***'''Tidak ada perkiraan korban jiwa warga sipil pria yang bukan manula. Sekitar 723 korban jiwa adalah: 4 petugas PBB<ref name=ocha2009jan14/><ref>[http://www.13wmaz.com/article/20090108/NEWS04/90108015 Israeli Forces Fired on U.N. Aid Convoy 'Truce']{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Jan. 8, 2009. [[CNN]].</ref> dan 13 petugas medis,<ref name=ocha2009jan14>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_14_english.pdf Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204072519/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_14_english.pdf |date=2009-02-04 }}. January 14, 2009. OCHA oPt ([[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] - occupied Palestinian territory).[http://www.ochaopt.org]</ref><ref>[http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&Do=&ID=34876 Report: 36 new doctors allowed into Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123195008/http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&Do=&ID=34876 |date=2009-01-23 }}. Jan. 11, 2009. Maan News Agency.</ref> 4 jurnalis,<ref name=IFEX>{{cite web|title=Two Israeli channels, BBC permitted brief access to Gaza strip; IFJ denounces "cynical attempt to ensure that media tell the story from the Israeli side only"|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/CJAL-7N5RUH?OpenDocument|publisher=ReliefWeb|author=[[IFEX]]|date=January 9, 2009|accessdate=2009-01-09}}</ref> 3 pemain sepak bola,<ref>http://en.rian.ru/world/20090114/119490704.html</ref> 412 anak-anak,<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> 110 wanita,<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> 97 manula,<ref name=wafa2009jan12>[http://english.wafa.ps/?action=detail&id=12514 Gaza Tragedy: 280 Children, 76 Women, 97 Elderly Killed Among 905 Martyrs]. Jan. 12, 2009. ''WAFA. Palestine News Agency''.</ref><ref>[http://en.rian.ru/world/20090111/119414133.html Half of Gaza dead 'children, women and elderly'].</ref> dan 40-80 orang yang dieksekusi Hamas.<ref name="Haaretz Hamas">Amira Hass, [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1053825.html "Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement"], Ha'aretz 10-01-2009</ref> Selain itu dua warga asing, seorang wanita Ukraina dan anaknya juga termasuk korban jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.interfax.com/3/460918/news.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2009-01-20 |archive-date=2009-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120211504/http://www.interfax.com/3/460918/news.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{br}}
'''****'''Terdapat 1.855 anak-anak<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> dan 795 wanita<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> yang termasuk korban yang terluka.{{br}}
'''****'''Terdapat 1.855 anak-anak<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> dan 795 wanita<ref name=ocha2009jan19/> yang termasuk korban yang terluka.{{br}}
}}
}}
'''Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009''' merujuk pada konflik yang berlangsung antara [[Israel]] dan [[Hamas]], yang terjadi setelah kadaluarsanya gencatan senjata selama 6 bulan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUKTRE50021220090101|title=TIMELINE - Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended|date=1 Januari 2009|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=2 Januari 2009}}</ref> Israel melancarkan serangan udara, disebut '''''Operation Cast Lead''''' ({{lang-he| מבצע עופרת יצוקה}}, ''Mivtza Oferet Yetzukah''), terhadap [[Jalur Gaza]] sebagai balasan atas serangan roket dari Gaza dan Hamas.
'''Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009''' merujuk pada konflik yang berlangsung antara [[Israel]] dan [[Hamas]], yang terjadi setelah kedaluwarsanya gencatan senjata selama 6 bulan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUKTRE50021220090101|title=TIMELINE - Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended|date=1 Januari 2009|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=2 Januari 2009}}</ref> Israel melancarkan serangan udara, disebut '''''Mivtza Oferet Yetzukah''''' ({{lang-he| מבצע עופרת יצוקה}}), terhadap [[Jalur Gaza]] .


Partai-partai berkuasa di Israel menjadikan perang sebagai propaganda menjelang [[Pemilu Israel 2009|pemilu parlemen Israel]] pada [[10 Februari]] [[2009]].<ref>http://www.pww.org/article/view/14193 Israeli Communists condemn attacks on Gaza, call for ‘another direction’ toward peace</ref> Sebuah jajak pendapat yang dilakukan surat kabar [[Haaretz]] menunjukkan masyarakat Israel berada di belakang operasi itu. Bahkan, di samping 52 persen yang mendukung serangan udara, ada 19 persen yang mengharapkan serangan darat. Dari semua ini, ada 25 persen yang menganjurkan gencatan senjata secepatnya. Perkembangan ini menyelamatkan popularitas koalisi [[Partai Kadima]] ([[Menteri Luar Negeri Israel|Menteri Luar Negeri]] [[Tzipi Livni]]) dan [[Partai Buruh Israel|Partai Buruh]] ([[Menteri Pertahanan Israel|Menteri Pertahanan]] [[Ehud Barak]]), yang melorot ketika menghadapi [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] yang [[ultranasionalis]]<ref>[http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2009/01/05/ITR/mbm.20090105.ITR129166.id.html Perang Para Politikus], Tempo</ref>.
Partai-partai berkuasa di Israel menjadikan perang sebagai propaganda menjelang [[Pemilu Israel 2009|pemilu parlemen Israel]] pada [[10 Februari]] [[2009]].<ref>http://www.pww.org/article/view/14193 Israeli Communists condemn attacks on Gaza, call for ‘another direction’ toward peace</ref> Sebuah jajak pendapat yang dilakukan surat kabar [[Haaretz]] menunjukkan masyarakat Israel berada di belakang operasi itu. Bahkan, di samping 52 persen yang mendukung serangan udara, ada 19 persen yang mengharapkan serangan darat. Dari semua ini, ada 25 persen yang menganjurkan gencatan senjata secepatnya. Perkembangan ini menyelamatkan popularitas koalisi [[Partai Kadima]] ([[Menteri Luar Negeri Israel|Menteri Luar Negeri]] [[Tzipi Livni]]) dan [[Partai Buruh Israel|Partai Buruh]] ([[Menteri Pertahanan Israel|Menteri Pertahanan]] [[Ehud Barak]]), yang melorot ketika menghadapi [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] yang [[ultranasionalis]].<ref>[http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2009/01/05/ITR/mbm.20090105.ITR129166.id.html Perang Para Politikus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626175237/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2009/01/05/ITR/mbm.20090105.ITR129166.id.html |date=2010-06-26 }}, Tempo</ref>


Dalam perang kali ini faksi yang bergabung adalah [[Hamas]], [[PFLP (Palestina)|Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina]] dan [[Jihad Islam Palestina]] serta [[PFLP (Palestina)|Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina]] menyatakan yang bertanggung jawab atas <ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/war_on_gaza/2009/01/200911915455957756.html Palestinian factions united by war</ref> tiga atau lima roket yang dilepaskan dari [[Libanon]] menghantam tiga lokasi berbeda di wilayah [[Galilea]] Israel utara. Tembakan roket dari luar Palestina itu mencederai dua orang.<ref>Artikel [http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/01/08/16225979/roket.dari.lebanon.hantam.israel "Roket dari Lebanon Hantam Israel"] di Kompas.com</ref> Israel membalas dengan menembakkan 6 mortir ke arah Libanon. Belum diketahui apakah terdapat korban jiwa dari serangan balasan Israel tersebut.<ref>Artikel [http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/01/08/15491795/israel.lancarkan.serangan.balasan.ke.lebanon "Israel Lancarkan Serangan Balasan ke Lebanon"] di Kompas.com</ref> akan tetapi Pemerintahan Hamas berjanji akan memberikan uang pengganti kepada para korban <ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/200912574445581696.html Hamas to pay victims of Gaza war</ref> serta berdampak traumatik pada masyarakat sipil <ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/2009127174123702455.html Palestinian men bear trauma of war</ref>
Dalam perang kali ini faksi yang bergabung adalah [[Hamas]], [[PFLP (Palestina)|Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina]] dan [[Jihad Islam Palestina]] serta [[PFLP (Palestina)|Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina]] menyatakan yang bertanggung jawab atas <ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/war_on_gaza/2009/01/200911915455957756.html Palestinian factions united by war</ref> tiga atau lima roket yang dilepaskan dari [[Libanon]] menghantam tiga lokasi berbeda di wilayah [[Galilea]] Israel utara. Tembakan roket dari luar Palestina itu mencederai dua orang.<ref>Artikel [http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/01/08/16225979/roket.dari.lebanon.hantam.israel "Roket dari Lebanon Hantam Israel"] di Kompas.com</ref> Israel membalas dengan menembakkan 6 mortir ke arah Libanon. Belum diketahui apakah terdapat korban jiwa dari serangan balasan Israel tersebut.<ref>Artikel [http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/01/08/15491795/israel.lancarkan.serangan.balasan.ke.lebanon "Israel Lancarkan Serangan Balasan ke Lebanon"] di Kompas.com</ref> akan tetapi Pemerintahan Hamas berjanji akan memberikan uang pengganti kepada para korban <ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/200912574445581696.html Hamas to pay victims of Gaza war</ref> serta berdampak traumatik pada masyarakat sipil <ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/2009127174123702455.html Palestinian men bear trauma of war</ref>
Baris 37: Baris 37:
== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

{{Hamas}}


[[Kategori:Israel dalam tahun 2008]]
[[Kategori:Israel dalam tahun 2008]]
[[Kategori:Konflik tahun 2008]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2008]]
[[Kategori:Konflik tahun 2009]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2009]]
[[Kategori:Konflik Israel–Gaza]]
[[Kategori:Konflik Israel–Gaza]]

Revisi terkini sejak 20 Juli 2024 10.28

Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009
Bagian dari Konflik Israel-Palestina

Wilayah konflik
Tanggal27 Desember 2008–18 Januari 2009
LokasiJalur Gaza & Israel Selatan
Hasil Israel dan Hamas saling menyatakan (dengan sepihak) gencatan senjata
Pihak terlibat
 Israel Hamas
Front Pembebasan Untuk Rakyat Palestina
Jihad Islam Palestina[1]
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Israel Ehud Barak
Israel Gabi Ashkenazi
Israel Ido Nehoshtan (IAF)
Israel Eli Marom (ISC)
Israel Yoav Galant (SoCom)
Israel Yair Golan (HFC)
Hamas Ismail Haniyeh
Hamas Mahmoud az-Zahar
Hamas Ahmed al-Ja'abari
Hamas Osama Mazini
Ahmed Jibril
Abdullah Shallah
Kekuatan
176.500 tentara reguler (total)[2]

10.000[3]

20.000 anggota Hamas di Gaza
Korban

Jumlah terbunuh: 14[4][5]
Tentara: 11[6]
Warga sipil: 3[6][7]

Jumlah terluka: 424
Tentara: 242[8][9]
Warga sipil: 182[10][11]

Versi Hamas:
Tewas: 227
Terluka: 207 [3]
Tank: 47
Pesawat tempur: 3
Pesawat tanpa awak: 1 [4]

Jumlah terbunuh: 1.314[10]
Militan dan polisi: 168 (per Hamas),[12] 400-650 (Per IDF)[13]
Warga sipil: ~700(Reuters), 926(Per PCHR)[14][15]

Jumlah terluka: 5.300(Kementerian Kesehatan (Palestina))[10][16]

Seorang petugas perbatasan Mesir tewas dan tiga petugas perbatasan dan dua anak-anak terluka.[17][18]

Lebih dari 50.800 warga Gaza kehilangan tempat tinggal.[19]

*Jumlah korban jiwa dan status warga sipil/pejuang di Gaza belum dapat dipastikan secara independen.[20][21][22][23][24]
**IDF mengklaim bahwa korban yang tewas adalah "anggota Hamas".[13] 168 polisi yang tewas (138 saat serangan udara awal) dianggap IDF sebagai pejuang musuh sementara PCHR menganggap mereka warga sipil.[15][25]
***Tidak ada perkiraan korban jiwa warga sipil pria yang bukan manula. Sekitar 723 korban jiwa adalah: 4 petugas PBB[26][27] dan 13 petugas medis,[26][28] 4 jurnalis,[29] 3 pemain sepak bola,[30] 412 anak-anak,[10] 110 wanita,[10] 97 manula,[31][32] dan 40-80 orang yang dieksekusi Hamas.[33] Selain itu dua warga asing, seorang wanita Ukraina dan anaknya juga termasuk korban jiwa.[34]

****Terdapat 1.855 anak-anak[10] dan 795 wanita[10] yang termasuk korban yang terluka.

Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009 merujuk pada konflik yang berlangsung antara Israel dan Hamas, yang terjadi setelah kedaluwarsanya gencatan senjata selama 6 bulan.[35] Israel melancarkan serangan udara, disebut Mivtza Oferet Yetzukah (bahasa Ibrani: מבצע עופרת יצוקה‎), terhadap Jalur Gaza .

Partai-partai berkuasa di Israel menjadikan perang sebagai propaganda menjelang pemilu parlemen Israel pada 10 Februari 2009.[36] Sebuah jajak pendapat yang dilakukan surat kabar Haaretz menunjukkan masyarakat Israel berada di belakang operasi itu. Bahkan, di samping 52 persen yang mendukung serangan udara, ada 19 persen yang mengharapkan serangan darat. Dari semua ini, ada 25 persen yang menganjurkan gencatan senjata secepatnya. Perkembangan ini menyelamatkan popularitas koalisi Partai Kadima (Menteri Luar Negeri Tzipi Livni) dan Partai Buruh (Menteri Pertahanan Ehud Barak), yang melorot ketika menghadapi Benjamin Netanyahu yang ultranasionalis.[37]

Dalam perang kali ini faksi yang bergabung adalah Hamas, Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina dan Jihad Islam Palestina serta Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina menyatakan yang bertanggung jawab atas [38] tiga atau lima roket yang dilepaskan dari Libanon menghantam tiga lokasi berbeda di wilayah Galilea Israel utara. Tembakan roket dari luar Palestina itu mencederai dua orang.[39] Israel membalas dengan menembakkan 6 mortir ke arah Libanon. Belum diketahui apakah terdapat korban jiwa dari serangan balasan Israel tersebut.[40] akan tetapi Pemerintahan Hamas berjanji akan memberikan uang pengganti kepada para korban [41] serta berdampak traumatik pada masyarakat sipil [42]

Pada 17 Januari 2009, Israel secara sepihak menyatakan gencatan senjata dalam konflik tersebut.[43] Dua hari kemudian Hamas turut menyatakan gencatan senjata setelah Israel mengumumkan akan menarik pasukannya dari Jalur Gaza dalam waktu 1 minggu. [44]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/mritems/Images//2009/1/20/200912091554774734_8.jpg][http://www.pflp.ps/english/?q=pflp-our-position-ceasefire-calm-and-weapons-resis.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)
  2. ^ The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel Diarsipkan 2008-08-13 di Wayback Machine., 23 Maret 2008.
  3. ^ Artikel "Religious war in Gaza" di Ynetnews.com
  4. ^ Israel tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza Diarsipkan 2009-01-09 di Wayback Machine.. By Nidal al-Mughrabi. 12 Januari 2009. Reuters.
  5. ^ Israel steps up attacks in Gaza; Hamas indicates it's open to a truce. By Sebastian Rotella and Rushdi abu Alouf. January 13, 2009. LA Times.
  6. ^ a b "Hamas rocket team leader killed, Israel says". CNN. January 10, 2009. 
  7. ^ Current events. Embassy of Israel in Washington DC. In the middle of the page is a list of four Israelis killed by rocket and mortar fire. One was a soldier killed on a military base inside Israel. This explains the confusion in counting civilian and military dead in some articles.
  8. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7832406.stm
  9. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-19. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. 19 January 2009 Diarsipkan 2009-01-21 di Wayback Machine.. Jan. 19, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[1]
  11. ^ "Rocket slams into Ashdod kindergarten" Diarsipkan 2012-01-19 di Wayback Machine.. Jan 6, 2009. Jerusalem Post. "Four Israelis have been killed, 10 moderately to seriously wounded, and 29 slightly wounded. Another 144 have been treated for shock."
  12. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html Hamas declares victory in Gaza claiming it lost only 48 fighters
  13. ^ a b Discrepancies over number of Palestinian civilian deaths[pranala nonaktif permanen]. Jan. 13, 2009. Jerusalem Post.
  14. ^ After ceasefire, Israel examines fallout of Gaza war. By Luke Baker. Jan. 18, 2009. Reuters.
  15. ^ a b 23rd Day of Continuous IOF Attacks on the Gaza Strip Diarsipkan 2009-01-24 di Wayback Machine.. 18 January 2009. Palestinian Center for Human Rights.
  16. ^ FACTBOX - Developments in Gaza fighting on January 17. January 17, 2009. Reuters.
  17. ^ סוכנויות הידיעות. "קצין מצרי נהרג מירי אנשי חמאס סמוך למעבר רפיח" (dalam bahasa Hebrew). nana10.co.il. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-01. 
  18. ^ "Two Egyptian Children, Police Injured in Israeli Air Strike Near Gaza Border". 2009-01-11. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-15. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  19. ^ "Gaza homeless toll 'hits 50,000'" news.bcc.co.uk 19 January 2009 Link retrieved 19-01-09
  20. ^ Israeli human rights groups speak out as death toll passes 1,000. Jan. 15, 2009. Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem and Sarah Boseley. The Guardian
  21. ^ More than 1,000 killed in Gaza'. Jan. 14, 2009. BBC News.
  22. ^ The macabre count of a doctor in Gaza. Jan. 11, 2009. Agence France-Presse.
  23. ^ Gaza conflict: Who is a civilian?. By Heather Sharp. January 5 2009. BBC News.
  24. ^ Why Israel went to war in Gaza. Jan. 4, 2009. By Chris McGreal in Jerusalem. The Observer.
  25. ^ "Hamas: 120 police dead, 95% of security buildings demolished and hundreds of civilians slain". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-31. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  26. ^ a b Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator Diarsipkan 2009-02-04 di Wayback Machine.. January 14, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[2]
  27. ^ Israeli Forces Fired on U.N. Aid Convoy 'Truce'[pranala nonaktif permanen]. Jan. 8, 2009. CNN.
  28. ^ Report: 36 new doctors allowed into Gaza Diarsipkan 2009-01-23 di Wayback Machine.. Jan. 11, 2009. Maan News Agency.
  29. ^ IFEX (January 9, 2009). "Two Israeli channels, BBC permitted brief access to Gaza strip; IFJ denounces "cynical attempt to ensure that media tell the story from the Israeli side only"". ReliefWeb. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-09. 
  30. ^ http://en.rian.ru/world/20090114/119490704.html
  31. ^ Gaza Tragedy: 280 Children, 76 Women, 97 Elderly Killed Among 905 Martyrs. Jan. 12, 2009. WAFA. Palestine News Agency.
  32. ^ Half of Gaza dead 'children, women and elderly'.
  33. ^ Amira Hass, "Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement", Ha'aretz 10-01-2009
  34. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-20. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  35. ^ "TIMELINE - Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended". Reuters. 1 Januari 2009. Diakses tanggal 2 Januari 2009. 
  36. ^ http://www.pww.org/article/view/14193 Israeli Communists condemn attacks on Gaza, call for ‘another direction’ toward peace
  37. ^ Perang Para Politikus Diarsipkan 2010-06-26 di Wayback Machine., Tempo
  38. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/war_on_gaza/2009/01/200911915455957756.html Palestinian factions united by war
  39. ^ Artikel "Roket dari Lebanon Hantam Israel" di Kompas.com
  40. ^ Artikel "Israel Lancarkan Serangan Balasan ke Lebanon" di Kompas.com
  41. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/200912574445581696.html Hamas to pay victims of Gaza war
  42. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/2009127174123702455.html Palestinian men bear trauma of war
  43. ^ "Israel Declares Cease Fire; Hamas Says It Will Fight On", The New York Times, 17 Januari 2009
  44. ^ http://www.detiknews.com/read/2009/01/19/045036/1070507/10/israel-tarik-pasukan-hamas-umumkan-gencatan-senjata DetikNews
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Perang_Gaza_(2008-2009)&oldid=26057758"