Angkatan Laut Australia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| identification_symbol_label = [[Australian White Ensign|Naval ensign]] (1967–present) |
| identification_symbol_label = [[Australian White Ensign|Naval ensign]] (1967–present) |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{Main|History of the Royal Australian Navy}} |
{{Main|History of the Royal Australian Navy}} |
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The Commonwealth Naval Forces were established on 1 March 1901, two months after the [[federation of Australia]], when [[Colonial navies of Australia|the naval forces of the separate Australian colonies]] were amalgamated. A period of uncertainty followed as the policy makers sought to determine the newly established force's requirements and purpose, with the debate focusing upon whether Australia's naval force would be structured mainly for local defence or whether it would be designed to serve as a fleet unit within a larger imperial force, controlled centrally by the British [[Admiralty]].<ref name=Dennis516>Dennis et al 1995, p. 516.</ref> In |
The Commonwealth Naval Forces were established on 1 March 1901, two months after the [[federation of Australia]], when [[Colonial navies of Australia|the naval forces of the separate Australian colonies]] were amalgamated. A period of uncertainty followed as the policy makers sought to determine the newly established force's requirements and purpose, with the debate focusing upon whether Australia's naval force would be structured mainly for local defence or whether it would be designed to serve as a fleet unit within a larger imperial force, controlled centrally by the British [[Admiralty]].<ref name=Dennis516>Dennis et al 1995, p. 516.</ref> In 1908–09, the decision was made to pursue a compromise solution, and the Australian government agreed to establish a force that would be used for local defence but which would be capable of forming a fleet unit within the imperial naval strategy, albeit without central control. As a result, the navy's force structure was set at "one battlecruiser, three light cruisers, six destroyers and three submarines".<ref name=Whitley17>Whitley 2000, p. 17.</ref> |
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On 10 July 1911, [[George V|King George V]] granted the service the title of "Royal Australian Navy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/history/feature-histories/ran-brief-history |title=The R.A.N. – A Brief History |last=Stevens |first=David |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=10 August 2013}}</ref> The first of the RAN's new vessels, the destroyer [[HMAS Yarra (D79)|''Yarra'']], was completed in September 1910 and by the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] the majority of the RAN's planned new fleet had been realised.<ref name=Whitley17/> The Australian Squadron was placed under control of the British Admiralty,<ref>Dennis et al 1995, p. 517.</ref> and initially it was tasked with capturing many of Germany's South Pacific colonies and protecting Australian shipping from the [[German East Asia Squadron]]. Later in the war, most of the RAN's major ships operated as part of [[Royal Navy]] forces in the Mediterranean and North Seas, and then later in the Adriatic, and then the Black Sea following the surrender of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=Whitley17/> |
On 10 July 1911, [[George V|King George V]] granted the service the title of "Royal Australian Navy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/history/feature-histories/ran-brief-history |title=The R.A.N. – A Brief History |last=Stevens |first=David |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=10 August 2013}}</ref> The first of the RAN's new vessels, the destroyer [[HMAS Yarra (D79)|''Yarra'']], was completed in September 1910 and by the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] the majority of the RAN's planned new fleet had been realised.<ref name=Whitley17/> The Australian Squadron was placed under control of the British Admiralty,<ref>Dennis et al 1995, p. 517.</ref> and initially it was tasked with capturing many of Germany's South Pacific colonies and protecting Australian shipping from the [[German East Asia Squadron]]. Later in the war, most of the RAN's major ships operated as part of [[Royal Navy]] forces in the Mediterranean and North Seas, and then later in the Adriatic, and then the Black Sea following the surrender of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=Whitley17/> |
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Early in the [[World War II|Second World War]], RAN ships again operated as part of Royal Navy formations, many serving with distinction in the [[Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean]], the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|Red Sea]], the [[Anglo-Iraqi War|Persian Gulf]], the [[Battle of Madagascar|Indian Ocean]], and off the [[Battle of Dakar|West African coast]].<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, pp. 69–76.</ref> Following the outbreak of the [[Pacific War]] and the virtual destruction of British naval forces in south-east Asia, the RAN operated more independently, or as part of [[United States Navy]] formations. As the navy took on an even greater role, it was expanded significantly and at its height the RAN was the fourth-largest navy in the world, with 39,650 personnel operating 337 warships.<ref name=Dennis518/> A total of 34 vessels were lost during the war, including three cruisers and four destroyers.<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 93.</ref> |
Early in the [[World War II|Second World War]], RAN ships again operated as part of Royal Navy formations, many serving with distinction in the [[Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean]], the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|Red Sea]], the [[Anglo-Iraqi War|Persian Gulf]], the [[Battle of Madagascar|Indian Ocean]], and off the [[Battle of Dakar|West African coast]].<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, pp. 69–76.</ref> Following the outbreak of the [[Pacific War]] and the virtual destruction of British naval forces in south-east Asia, the RAN operated more independently, or as part of [[United States Navy]] formations. As the navy took on an even greater role, it was expanded significantly and at its height the RAN was the fourth-largest navy in the world, with 39,650 personnel operating 337 warships.<ref name=Dennis518/> A total of 34 vessels were lost during the war, including three cruisers and four destroyers.<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 93.</ref> |
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After the Second World War, the size of the RAN was again reduced, but it gained new capabilities with the acquisition of two aircraft carriers, [[HMAS Sydney (R17)|''Sydney'']] and [[HMAS Melbourne (R21)|''Melbourne'']].<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 94.</ref> The RAN saw action in many [[Cold War]]–era conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region and operated alongside the Royal Navy and United States Navy off Korea, Malaysia, and Vietnam.<ref>Dennis et al 1995, pp. 519–520.</ref> Since the end of the Cold War, the RAN has been part of Coalition forces in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, operating in support of [[Operation Slipper]] and undertaking counter piracy operations. It was also deployed in support of Australian peacekeeping operations in [[INTERFET|East Timor]] and the [[RAMSI|Solomon Islands]].<ref name=workingpaper>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_18.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227081723/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_18.pdf |title=Database of Royal Australian Navy Operations, |
After the Second World War, the size of the RAN was again reduced, but it gained new capabilities with the acquisition of two aircraft carriers, [[HMAS Sydney (R17)|''Sydney'']] and [[HMAS Melbourne (R21)|''Melbourne'']].<ref>Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 94.</ref> The RAN saw action in many [[Cold War]]–era conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region and operated alongside the Royal Navy and United States Navy off Korea, Malaysia, and Vietnam.<ref>Dennis et al 1995, pp. 519–520.</ref> Since the end of the Cold War, the RAN has been part of Coalition forces in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, operating in support of [[Operation Slipper]] and undertaking counter piracy operations. It was also deployed in support of Australian peacekeeping operations in [[INTERFET|East Timor]] and the [[RAMSI|Solomon Islands]].<ref name=workingpaper>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_18.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227081723/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_18.pdf |title=Database of Royal Australian Navy Operations, 1990–2005 |publisher=Sea Power Centre |series=Working Paper No. 18 |archivedate=27 February 2012 |accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> |
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==RAN today== |
==RAN today== |
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Revisi per 4 Mei 2019 00.22
| Royal Australian Navy | |
|---|---|
| Berkas:2002 RAN badge.jpg | |
| Aktif | 1911–present |
| Negara | Australia |
| Tipe unit | Navy |
| Jumlah personel | 14,215 Personil tetap[1] 8,493 Personil cadangan[1] 48 kapal pesanan 3 kapal bukan pesanan |
| Bagian dari | Angkatan Bersenjata Australia |
| Headquarters | Russell Offices, Canberra |
| Moto | Serving Australia with Pride |
| Himne | "Royal Australian Navy" |
| Ulang tahun | 10 Juli |
| Pertempuran | |
| Situs web | www |
| Tokoh | |
| Commander-in-chief | General Sir Peter Cosgrove As Governor-General of Australia |
| Chief of the Defence Force | General Angus Campbell |
| Vice Chief of the Defence Force | Vice Admiral David Johnston |
| Chief of Navy | Vice Admiral Michael Noonan |
| Deputy Chief of Navy | Rear Admiral Mark Hammond |
| Commander Australian Fleet | Rear Admiral Jonathan Mead |
| Insignia | |
| Naval ensign (1967–present) |  |
| Naval jack | .svg) |
| Pesawat tempur | |
| Pesawat pengintai | Sikorsky MH-60R |
| Pesawat latih | Bell 429 GlobalRanger |
| Pesawat pengangkut | NHIndustries NH90 |
Angkatan Laut Australia (Royal Australian Navy/RAN) adalah cabang kelautan dari Angkatan Bersenjata Australia. Mengikuti Federasi Australia di tahun 1901, kapal-kapal dan sumber daya dari angkatan laut kolonial yang terpisah diintegrasikan ke dalam sebuah angkatan nasional, dinamai Commonwealth Naval Forces. Pada awalnya ditujukan untuk pertahanan lokal, angkatan laut dianugerahi nama 'Angkatan Laut Australia' padah tahun 1911, dan semakin terlibat dalam pertahanan wilayah.
Skuadron Australia Kerajaan Inggris Royal Navy ditugaskan ke Australia Station dan menyediakan dukungan ke RAN. Pemerintah Australia dan Selandia Baru membantu mendanai Skuadron Australia sampai 1913, sementara Admiralty berkomitmen menjaga Skuadron pada suatu kekuatan tetap.[2] Skuadron Australia dibubarkan pada 4 Oktober 1913, ketika kapal-kapal RAN memasuki Pelabuhan Sydney untuk pertama kali.[2]
Royal Navy tetap menyediakan kapabilitas pertahanan laut biru di Pasific sampai dengan tahun-tahun awal Perang Dunia II. Kemudian, ekspansi masa perang yang laju menghadirkan akuisisi kapal permukaan yang besar dan pembangunan banyak kapal perang yang lebih kecil. Dalam dekade setelah perang, RAN mengadakan sejumlah kecil kapal induk pengangkut pesawat, paling akhir diadakan pada tahun 1982.
Saat ini, RAN terdiri dari 48 kapal yang dibangun, 3 kapal yang tidak dibangun, dan lebih dari 16.000 personil. Angkatan laut ini adalah salah satu yang terbesar dan paling canggih di wilayah Pasifik Selatan, dengan kehadiran yang signifikan di Laut Hindia dan operasi di seluruh dunia dalam mendukung kampanye militer dan misi-misi perdamaian. Panglima Angkatan Laut saat ini adalah Vice Admiral Michael Noonan.
- ^ a b Defence Issues Paper (PDF). Commonwealth of Australia. 2014. hlm. 29. Diakses tanggal 16 November 2014.
- ^ a b Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (edisi ke-2). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2. OCLC 271822831.