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== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
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== Pustaka ==
{{refbegin}}

* {{Cite book
| last = Bandstra
| first = Barry L.
| title = Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible
| year = 2008
| publisher = Wadsworth Publishing Company
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=vRY9mTUZKJcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bandstra#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv
| isbn = 0495391050
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Beckwith
|first = Carl L.
|title = Ezekiel, Daniel
|year = 2012
|publisher = IVP Academic
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=gSMDd60ohdkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Beckwith+Ezekiel,+Daniel#v=onepage&q=Beckwith%20Ezekiel%2C%20Daniel&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780830829620
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Boyer
|first = Paul S.
|title = When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=FyTeW7vQ8K4C&dq=When+Time+Shall+be+No+More+By+Paul+S.+Boyer&printsec=frontcover
|year = 1992
|publisher = Harvard University Press
|isbn = 0-674-95129-8
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brettler
| first = Mark Zvi
| title = How To Read the Bible
| year = 2005
| publisher = Jewish Publication Society
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=39nQafdJ_ssC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Brettler#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv
| isbn = 9780827610019
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Carroll
|first = John T.
|chapter = Eschatology
|editor1-last = Freedman
|editor1-first = David Noel
|editor2-last = Myers
|editor2-first = Allen C.
|title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
|year = 2000
|publisher = Eerdmans
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA422&dq=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+eschatology#v=onepage&q=Eerdmans%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20Bible%20eschatology&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9789053565032
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Cohn
| first = Shaye J.D.
| title = From the Maccabees to the Mishnah
| year = 2006
| publisher = Westminster John Knox Press
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=H5hLLIrh6n8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=From+the+Maccabees+to+the+Mishnah#v=onepage&q=From%20the%20Maccabees%20to%20the%20Mishnah&f=false
| ref = harv
| isbn = 9780664227432
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Collins
|first = John J.
|authorlink = John J. Collins
|title = Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature
|year = 1984
|publisher = Eerdmans
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=9r_Zs7T1nCMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Daniel:+with+an+introduction+to+apocalyptic+literature#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780802800206
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Collins
|first = John J.
|authorlink = John J. Collins
|title = The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature
|year = 1998
|publisher = Eerdmans
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=PxjNsMrzI-kC&pg=PA103&dq=Son+of+Man:+The+interpretation+and+influence+of+Daniel+7#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780802843715
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Collins
|first = John J.
|authorlink = John J. Collins
|chapter = Current Issues in the Study of Daniel
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|volume = I
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9004116753
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Collins
|first = John J.
|authorlink = John J. Collins
|chapter = From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End
|editor1-last = McGinn
|editor1-first = Bernard
|editor2-last = Collins
|editor2-first = John J.
|editor3-last = Stein
|editor3-first = Stephen J.
|title = The Continuum History of Apocalypticism
|year = 2003
|publisher = Continuum
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=7UlbWioOV7sC&pg=PA64&dq=From+Prophecy+to+Apocalypticism#v=onepage&q=From%20Prophecy%20to%20Apocalypticism&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780826415202
}}
*{{cite book|
last = Coogan
|first = Michael
|authorlink = Michael Coogan
|title= A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament|location=Oxford
|publisher= Oxford University Press
|year = 2009
|page = 400
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Crawford
|first = Sidnie White
|chapter = Apocalyptic
|editor1-last = Freedman
|editor1-first = David Noel
|editor2-last = Myers
|editor2-first = Allen C.
|title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
|year = 2000
|publisher = Eerdmans
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA73&dq=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+apocalyptic#v=onepage&q=Eerdmans%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20Bible%20apocalyptic&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9789053565032
}}
*{{Cite book
|last =Davidson
|first =Robert
|chapter =Jeremiah, Book of
|editor1-last =Metzger
|editor1-first =Bruce M.
|editor2-last =Coogan
|editor2-first =Michael D.
|title =The Oxford Companion to the Bible
|publisher =Oxford University Press
|year =1993
|url =https://books.google.com/?id=Y2KGVuym5OUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Jeremiah+Book+Of+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible#v=onepage&q=Jeremiah%20Book%20Of%20&f=false
|isbn =9780199743919
|ref =harvref
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Davies
|first = Philip
|chapter = Apocalyptic
|editor1-last = Rogerson
|editor1-first = J. W.
|editor2-last = Lieu
|editor2-first = Judith M.
|title = The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies
|year = 2006
|publisher = Oxford Handbooks Online
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=eKZYMifS1fAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Oxford+handbook+of+biblical+studies#v=onepage&q=Daniel&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780199254255
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = DeChant
|first = Dell
|chapter = Apocalyptic Communities
|editor1-last = Neusner
|editor1-first = Jacob
|title = World Religions in America: An Introduction
|year = 2009
|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=34vGv_HDGG8C&pg=PA237&dq=influence+book+daniel+adventist#v=onepage&q=influence%20book%20daniel%20adventist&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9781611640472
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Doukhan
|first = Jacques
|title = Secrets of Daniel: wisdom and dreams of a Jewish prince in exile
|publisher = Review and Herald Pub Assoc
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=hXSW1QBB2KIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
|year = 2000
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780828014243
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Dunn
|first = James D.G.
|chapter = The Danilic Son of Man in the New Testament
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&pg=PA545&dq=The+Danielic+Son+of+Man+in+the+New+Testament#v=onepage&q=The%20Danielic%20Son%20of%20Man%20in%20the%20New%20Testament&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Froom
| first = Le Roy Edwin
| authorlink = Le Roy Froom
| title = Early Church Exposition, Subsequent Deflections, and Medieval Revival
| url = http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=42770
| volume = 1
| series = The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers: The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
| year = 1950
| publisher = The Review and Herald Publishing Association
| page = 1006
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Froom
| first = Le Roy Edwin
| authorlink = Le Roy Froom
| title = Pre-Reformation and Reformation Restoration, and Second Departure
| url = http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=43134
| volume = 2
| series = The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers: The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
| year = 1948
| publisher = The Review and Herald Publishing Association
| page = 863
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Froom
| first = Le Roy Edwin
| authorlink = Le Roy Froom
| title = PART I, Colonial and Early National American Exposition. PART II, Old World Nineteenth Century Advent Awakening
| url = http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=42257
| volume = 3
| series = The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers: The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
| year = 1946
| publisher = The Review and Herald Publishing Association
| page = 802
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Gallagher
|first = Eugene V.
|chapter = Millennialism, Scripture, and Tradition
|editor1-last = Wessinger
|editor1-first = Catherine
|title = The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism
|year = 2011
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=58bNBYPnGg0C&pg=PA133&dq=Millennialism,+scripture,+and+tradition#v=onepage&q=Millennialism%2C%20scripture%2C%20and%20tradition&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Goldingay
|first = John J.
|authorlink = John J. Collins
|chapter = Daniel in the Context of OT Theology
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|volume = II
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&pg=PA642&dq=%22chapters+2+and+7+form+a+pair%22#v=onepage&q=%22chapters%202%20and%207%20form%20a%20pair%22&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Grabbe
| first = Lester L.
| title = An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus
| year = 2010
| publisher = Continuum
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=i89-9fdNUcAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Grabbe#v=onepage&q&f==false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Grabbe
| first = Lester L.
| title = Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh
| year = 2002
| publisher = Routledge
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=ES2oy3IHBx0C&pg=PA282&dq=Son+of+Man:+The+interpretation+and+influence+of+Daniel+7#v=onepage&q=Daniel%201&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Grabbe
|first = Lester L.
|chapter = A Dan(iel) For All Seasons
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
}}

* {{Cite book
| last = Hammer
| first = Raymond
| title = The Book of Daniel
| year = 1976
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=w0VmxeM472EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hammer,+The+Book+of+Daniel#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Harrington
| first = Daniel J.
| title = Invitation to the Apocrypha
| year = 1999
| publisher = Eerdmans
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=L6zJG-9BZMQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Harrington#v=onepage&q&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Hill
|first = Andrew E.
|chapter = Daniel-Malachi
|editor1-last = Longman
|editor1-first = Tremper
|editor2-last = Garland
|editor2-first = David E.
|title = The Expositor's Bible Commentary
|volume = 8
|year = 2009
|publisher=[[Zondervan]]
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=_VWQlEQGW-oC&pg=PT92&dq=%22literary+unity+of+this+chapter+has+for+several+reasons+been+disputed%22#v=onepage&q=%22literary%20unity%20of%20this%20chapter%20has%20for%20several%20reasons%20been%20disputed%22&f=false
|ref =harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Hill
|first = Charles E.
|chapter = Antichrist
|editor1-last = Freedman
|editor1-first = David Noel
|editor2-last = Myers
|editor2-first = Allen C.
|title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
|year = 2000
|publisher = Eerdmans
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA67&dq=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+antichrist#v=onepage&q=Eerdmans%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20Bible%20antichrist&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Holbrook
|first = Frank B.
|title = The Seventy Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy
|year = 1986
|publisher = Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
|isbn = 0925675024
|edition = Volume 3 of Daniel and Revelation Committee Series
|ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Horsley
| first = Richard A.
| title = Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea
| year = 2007
| publisher = Presbyterian Publishing Corp
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=ukojCH-hlVYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Scribes,+Visionaries,+and+the+Politics+of+Second+Temple+Judea#v=onepage&q=Scribes%2C%20Visionaries%2C%20and%20the%20Politics%20of%20Second%20Temple%20Judea&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Knibb
|first = Michael
|title = Essays on the Book of Enoch and Other Early Jewish Texts and Traditions
|year = 2009
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=NC6iAkcBe4IC&pg=PA191&dq=The+Exile+in+the+literature+of+the+intertestamental+period#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Knibb
|first = Michael
|chapter = The Book of Daniel in its Context
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Koch
|first = Klaus
|chapter = Stages in the Canonization of the Book of daniel
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&pg=PA421&dq=Stages+in+the+canonization+of+the+book+of+daniel#v=onepage&q=Stages%20in%20the%20canonization%20of%20the%20book%20of%20daniel&f=false
|ref = harv
}}

* {{Cite book
|last = Kratz
|first = Reinhard
|chapter = The Visions of Daniel
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oAVPfTe_wkYC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Levine
|first = Amy-Jill
|chapter = Daniel
|editor1-last = Coogan
|editor1-first = Michael D.
|editor2-last = Brettler
|editor2-first = Marc Z.
|editor3-last = Newsom
|editor3-first = Carol A.
|title = The new Oxford annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books : New Revised Standard Version
|year = 2010
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=jTYdAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1235&dq=%22Dreams+are+a+major+motif+in+the+Book+of+Daniel%22
|ref =harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Lucas
|first = Ernest C.
|chapter = Daniel, Book of
|editor1-last = Vanhoozer
|editor1-first = Kevin J.
|editor2-last = Bartholomew
|editor2-first = Craig G.
|editor3-last = Treier
|editor3-first = Daniel J.
|title = Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible
|year = 2005
|publisher = Baker Academic
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=I8UWJohMGUIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+for+Theological+Interpretation+of+the+Bible#v=onepage&q=Dictionary%20for%20Theological%20Interpretation%20of%20the%20Bible&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = Mangano
|first1 = Mark
|title = Esther & Daniel
|year = 2001
|publisher = College Press
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=leWMKZs05uoC&pg=PA179&dq=Prinsloo+outline+chapter+2#v=onepage&q=Prinsloo%20outline%20chapter%202&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = Matthews
|first1 = Victor H.
|last2 = Moyer
|first2 = James C.
|title = The Old Testament: Text and Context
|year = 2012
|publisher = Baker Books
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=rU_dAldCk6gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Old+Testament:+Text+and+Context#v=onepage&q=The%20Old%20Testament%3A%20Text%20and%20Context&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = Nelson
|first1 = William
|title = Daniel
|year = 2013
|publisher = Baker Books
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=lJx0x-h1ULsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=commentary+Daniel#v=onepage&q=seventy%20weeks&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = Newsom
|first1 = Carol A.
|last2 = Breed
|first2 = Brennan W.
|title = Daniel: A Commentary
|year = 2014
|publisher = Presbyterian Publishing Corp
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=XZK7BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77&dq=%22the+rock%22%22evokes+the+imagery+of+Zion%22#v=onepage&q=%22the%20rock%22%22evokes%20the%20imagery%20of%20Zion%22&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
*{{cite book
| editor-last = Nichol
| editor-first = F.
| year = 1954
|title = SDA Bible Commentary
| chapter = chronology chart
| pages = 326–327
|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = Niskanen
|first1 = Paul
|title = The Human and the Divine in History: Herodotus and the Book of Daniel
|year = 2004
|publisher = Continuum
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=G0YFSrClQOkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Herodotus+and+the+Book+of+Daniel#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = Pasachoff
|first1 = Naomi E.
|last2 = Littman
|first2 = Robert J.
|title = A Concise History of the Jewish People
|year = 2005
|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=z4eaj09hscAC&pg=PA45&dq=Babylonian+Exile+lasted+only+about+fifty+years#v=onepage&q=Babylonian%20Exile%20lasted%20only%20about%20fifty%20years&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Portier-Young
|first = Anathea E.
|title = Apocalypse Against Empire: Theologies of Resistance in Early Judaism
|publisher = Eerdmans
|year = 2013
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=4DQ0AgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Apocalypse+Against+Empire:+Theologies+of+Resistance+in+Early+Judaism#v=onepage&q=Apocalypse%20Against%20Empire%3A%20Theologies%20of%20Resistance%20in%20Early%20Judaism&f=false
|isbn = 9780802837110
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Provan
|first = Iain
|chapter = Daniel
|editor1-last = Dunn
|editor1-first = James D. G.
|editor2-last = Rogerson
|editor2-first = John William
|title = Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
|publisher = Eerdmans
|year = 2003
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA665&dq=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible+Daniel#v=onepage&q=Eerdmans%20Commentary%20on%20the%20Bible%20Daniel&f=false
|isbn = 9780802837110
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Redditt
| first = Paul L.
| title = Introduction to the Prophets
| year = 2009
| publisher = Eerdmans
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=bKM_VJt9e3kC&pg=PA188&dq=Redditt+Daniel#v=onepage&q=Redditt%20Daniel&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Reid
|first = Stephen Breck
|chapter = Daniel, Book of
|editor1-last = Freedman
|editor1-first = David Noel
|editor2-last = Myers
|editor2-first = Allen C.
|title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
|publisher = Eerdmans
|year = 2000
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible#v=onepage&q=Eerdmans%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20Bible&f=false
|isbn = 9789053565032
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Rowland
|first = Christopher
|chapter = Apocalyptic Literature
|editor1-last = Hass
|editor1-first = Andrew
|editor2-last = Jasper
|editor2-first = David
|editor3-last = Jay
|editor3-first = Elisabeth
|title = The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology
|year = 2007
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=bKG12u11z2AC&pg=PA344&dq=handbook+eschatology+Daniel#v=onepage&q=handbook%20eschatology%20Daniel&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780199271979
}}
* {{Cite book
| last1 = Ryken,
| first1 = Leland
| last2 = Wilhoit
| first2 = Jim
| last3 = Longman
| first3 = Tremper
| title = Dictionary of Biblical Imagery
| year = 1998
| publisher = InterVarsity Press
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=qjEYEjVVEosC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Biblical+Imagery+Daniel+book+of#v=onepage&q=Dictionary%20of%20Biblical%20Imagery%20Daniel%20book%20of&f=false
| ref = harv
| isbn = 9780830867332
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Sacchi
| first = Paolo
| title = The History of the Second Temple Period
| year = 2004
| publisher = Continuum
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=yGNyKdnpMa0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=history+second+temple#v=onepage&q=history%20second%20temple&f=false
| ref = harv
| isbn = 9780567044501
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Schwartz
|first = Daniel R.
|title = Studies in the Jewish Background of Christianity
|year = 1992
|publisher = Mohr Siebeck
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=rd5OB4PtlCUC&pg=PA110#v=snippet&q=resurrection&f=false
|isbn = 9783161457982
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Seow
|first = C.L.
|author-link = Choon-Leong Seow
|title = Daniel
|year = 2003
|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=nuLapFR3AX4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Seow+Daniel#v=onepage&q=Seow%20Daniel&f=false
| ref = harv
|isbn = 9780664256753
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Schiffman
|first = Lawrence H.
|title = From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
|year = 1991
|publisher = KTAV Publishing House
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=3kWYHyBb4C8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=From+Text+to+Tradition:+A+History+of+Second+Temple+and+Rabbinic+Judaism#v=onepage&q=From%20Text%20to%20Tradition%3A%20A%20History%20of%20Second%20Temple%20and%20Rabbinic%20Judaism&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780881253726
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Spencer
|first = Richard A.
|chapter = Additions to Daniel
|editor1-last = Mills
|editor1-first = Watson E.
|editor2-last = Wilson
|editor2-first = Richard F.
|title = The Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha
|year = 2002
|publisher = Mercer University Press
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=doqYxT-1RzEC&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780865545106
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Towner
|first = W. Sibley
|title = Daniel
|year = 1984
|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=F8EEY610xeAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Towner+Daniel#v=onepage&q=Towner%20Daniel&f=false
| ref = harv
|isbn = 9780664237561
}}
*{{Cite book
|last = Towner
|first = W. Sibley
|chapter = Daniel
|editor1-last = Coogan
|editor1-first = Michael D.
|editor2-last = Metzger
|editor2-first = Bruce M.
|title = The Oxford Companion to the Bible
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|year = 1993
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=Y2KGVuym5OUC&pg=PA150&dq=%22why+the+text+of+Daniel+switches+so+suddenly%22#v=onepage&q=%22why%20the%20text%20of%20Daniel%20switches%20so%20suddenly%22&f=false
|ref = harv
|isbn = 9780199743919
}}
* {{Cite book
| editor-last = Ulrich
| editor-first = Eugene
| title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
| year = 2010
| publisher = Brill
| url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = VanderKam
| first = James C.
| title = The Dead Sea Scrolls Today
| year = 2010
| publisher = Eerdmans
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=i2i5haDHAygC&printsec=frontcover&dq=VanderKamm+2002#v=onepage&q=Daniel&f=false
| ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last1 = VanderKam
|first1 = James C.
|last2 = Flint
|first2 = Peter
|title = The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls: their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity
|year = 2013
|publisher = HarperCollins
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=kT0PAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&dq=The+meaning+of+the+Dead+Sea+scrolls:+their+significance+for+understanding+the+Bible,+Judaism,+Jesus,+and+Christianity+Most+scholars+agree+that+the+book+of+Daniel#v=onepage&q=The%20meaning%20of%20the%20Dead%20Sea%20scrolls%3A%20their%20significance%20for%20understanding%20the%20Bible%2C%20Judaism%2C%20Jesus%2C%20and%20Christianity%20Most%20scholars%20agree%20that%20the%20book%20of%20Daniel&f=false
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}}
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|chapter = Millennialism
|editor1-last = Walls
|editor1-first = Jerry L.
|title = The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology
|year = 2007
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=N1XYXMTe1jYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
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* {{Cite book
|last = Wesselius
|first = Jan-Wim
|chapter = The Writing of Daniel
|editor1-last = Collins
|editor1-first = John J.
|editor2-last = Flint
|editor2-first = Peter W.
|editor3-last = VanEpps
|editor3-first = Cameron
|title = The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
|year = 2002
|publisher = BRILL
|url = https://books.google.com/?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Book+of+Daniel:+Composition+and+Reception+2#v=onepage&q&f=false
|ref = harv
}}

*{{cite book|last=Hoehner|first=Harold W.|author-link=Harold Hoehner|title=Chronological aspects of the life of Christ|year=1978|publisher=Zondervan|location=Grand Rapids|isbn=9780310262114|url=https://books.google.com/?id=kWhjBPQOX9MC&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=0-310-26211-9#v=onepage&q=new%20testament%20chronology&f=false|edition=[5th print.]|page=115}}
* {{cite book|last=Montgomery|first=James A|title=A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel|year=1927|publisher=[[T & T Clark]]|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9781176278707|pages=372–404|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3fp6cgAACAAJ&dq=montgomery+critical+daniel|edition=BiblioBazaar, 2010 Reprint}}
*{{cite book|last=Walvoord|first=A commentary by John F.|author-link=John Walvoord|title=Daniel: the key to prophetic revelation.|year=1989|publisher=Moody Press|location=Chicago|isbn=9780802417534|edition=Moody Paperback}}

{{refend}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==

Revisi per 11 Oktober 2017 16.31

Daniel 2 (disingkat Dan 2) adalah bagian dari Kitab Daniel dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen. Berisi riwayat Daniel yang berada di Babel pada abad ke-6 SM.[1][2]

Teks

Naskah sumber utama

  • Bahasa Ibrani:
    • Masoretik (abad ke-10 M)
    • Gulungan Laut Mati: (akhir abad ke-2 SM)[3][4] terlestarikan: ayat 2-6, 9‑11, 19‑35, 37‑49.[5]
      • 1QDana (4QDan71): terlestarikan: ayat: 2-6[5]
      • 4QDana (4QDan112): terlestarikan: ayat: 9‑11, 19‑35, 37‑49[5]

Bahasa

  • Tiga ayat yang pertama aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani
  • Di ayat 4 tertulis: "Lalu berkatalah para Kasdim itu kepada raja (dalam bahasa Aram)". Setelah kalimat itu teks ini aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Aram sampai di akhir pasal 7. Rupanya bahasa Aram digunakan sebagai bahasa resmi saat itu untuk orang-orang terpelajar.[6] Mulai pasal 8, teks ini menurut Teks Masoret ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani lagi sampai akhir kitab.[7]

Struktur

Dalam Kitab Daniel

Pasal 2-7 Kitab Daniel yang ditulis dalam bahasa Aram (mulai bagian kedua ayat 4 pasal 2, di mana sebelumnya dalam bahasa Ibrani) mempunyai bentuk susunan chiasmus, suatu struktur puisi yuang menempatkan titik atau pesan utama di tengah periop dan diapit oleh pengulangan tema pada kedua sisinya:[8]

  • A. (2:4b-49) – Mimpi empat kerajaan yang digantikan oleh kerajaan kelima
    • B. (3:1–30) – Tiga teman Daniel dalam dapur perapian
      • C. (4:1–37) – Daniel menafsirkan mimpi raja Nebukadnezar
      • C'. (5:1–31) – Daniel menafsirkan tulisan di dinding kepada Belsyazar
    • B'. (6:1–28) – Daniel di gua singa
  • A'. (7:1–28) – Penglihatan mengenai empat kerajaan dunia yang digantikan oleh kerajaan kelima

Daniel 2

Daniel 2 juga berbentuk chiasmus di dalam struktur besar Daniel 2-7:[9]

  • A. Pengantar (ayat 1)
    • B. Raja dan penasihat-penasihat yang tidak bijaksana (ayat 2-12)
      • C. Daniel dan Ariokh (ayat 13-16)
        • D. Daniel dan teman-temannya berdoa kepada Allah (ayat 17-23)
      • C'. Daniel dan Ariokh (ayat 24-25)
    • B'. Raja dan Daniel, penasihat yang bijaksana (ayat 26-47)
  • A'. Hasil (ayat 48-49)

Ayat 4

Lalu berkatalah para Kasdim itu kepada raja (dalam bahasa Aram):
"Ya raja, kekallah hidupmu! Ceriterakanlah kepada hamba-hambamu mimpi itu, maka kami akan memberitahukan maknanya."[10]

Hingga kata-kata "(dalam bahasa Aram)" ini, kitab Daniel ditulis dalam kosa kata bahasa Ibrani. Mulai dari kata-kata "Ya raja ..." ayat ini beralih ke kosa kata bahasa Aram, bahasa yang dipakai dalam perdagangan dan komunikasi pemerintahan. Huruf-hurufnya sama, karena baik bahasa Ibrani maupun bahasa Aram menggunakan abjad yang kurang lebih sama. Pemakaian bahasa Aram dalam kitab Daniel berlangsung hingga pasal 7 (Daniel 7:1–28). Pasal 8 (Daniel 8:1–12:13) kembali ditulis dalam kosa kata bahasa Ibrani.[11]

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Dianne Bergant dan Robert J.Karris (ed). 2002. Tafsir Alkitab Perjanjian Lama. Jogjakarta: Kanisius.
  2. ^ (Indonesia) W.S. LaSor, D.A. Hubbard, F.W. Bush. Pengantar Perjanjian Lama 2. Sastra dan Nubuat. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. 1994. ISBN-13: 9789794150431
  3. ^ VanderKam, James C.; Flint, Peter (2013). The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls: their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity. HarperCollins.
  4. ^ a b New Light on the Book of Daniel from the Dead Sea Scrolls - Gerhard Hasel PhD. Associates for Biblical Research - Jul 31, 2012
  5. ^ a b c Dead sea scrolls - Daniel
  6. ^ J. G. Baldwin, "Book of Daniel" in New Bible Dictionary3rd edition, IVP
  7. ^ Oxford annotated Bible 2007, hlm. 1255, footnote 2.1-12
  8. ^ Redditt 2009, hlm. 177.
  9. ^ Mangano 2001, hlm. 179.
  10. ^ Daniel 2:4
  11. ^ The Full Life Study Bible. Life Publishers International. 1992. Teks Penuntun edisi Bahasa Indonesia. Penerbit Gandum Mas. 1993, 1994.

Pustaka

Pranala luar