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Konflik Karen: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 18: Baris 18:
{{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Uni Nasional Karen]]
{{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Uni Nasional Karen]]
* {{flagicon image|Karen National Liberation Army flag.svg}} [[Pasukan Pembebasan Nasional Karen]]
* {{flagicon image|Karen National Liberation Army flag.svg}} [[Pasukan Pembebasan Nasional Karen]]
{{flagicon image|Flag of DKBA-5 (Buddhist).png}} [[Democratic Karen Benevolent Army|DKBA-5]]
{{flagicon image|DKBA-5 Buddhist Flag Variant.svg}} [[Democratic Karen Benevolent Army|DKBA-5]]
|commander1= {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Thein Sein]]<br><small>([[Presiden Myanmar]])</small>'''<br>
|commander1= {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Thein Sein]]<br><small>([[Presiden Myanmar]])</small>'''<br>
{{flagicon|Myanmar}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Min Aung Hlaing]]<br><small>(panglima tertinggi)</small>'''<br>
{{flagicon|Myanmar}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} [[Min Aung Hlaing]]<br><small>(panglima tertinggi)</small>'''<br>
Baris 37: Baris 37:
{{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Bo Mya]] (1976–2000)<br>
{{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Bo Mya]] (1976–2000)<br>
{{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Saw Ba U Gyi]] (1949–1950)<br>
{{flagicon image|Karen National Union Flag.png}} [[Saw Ba U Gyi]] (1949–1950)<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of DKBA-5 (Buddhist).png}} [[Bo Nat Khann Mway]]
{{flagicon image|DKBA-5 Buddhist Flag Variant.svg}} [[Bo Nat Khann Mway]]
|strength1= {{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} 30.000
|strength1= {{flagicon image|Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces.svg}} 30.000
----
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Baris 43: Baris 43:
|strength2= {{flagicon image|Karen National Liberation Army flag.svg}} 6.000-7.000<ref name="burmalibrary1">Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf</ref>
|strength2= {{flagicon image|Karen National Liberation Army flag.svg}} 6.000-7.000<ref name="burmalibrary1">Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf</ref>
* 4.000+ (1951)<ref name=R88 />
* 4.000+ (1951)<ref name=R88 />
{{flagicon image|Flag of DKBA-5 (Buddhist).png}} 1.500<ref>[http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/stakeholders-overview/159-dkba-5 Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5]</ref>
{{flagicon image|DKBA-5 Buddhist Flag Variant.svg}} 1.500<ref>[http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/stakeholders-overview/159-dkba-5 Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5]</ref>
|casualties1= Tidak diketahui
|casualties1= Tidak diketahui
|casualties2= Tidak diketahui
|casualties2= Tidak diketahui

Revisi terkini sejak 18 Januari 2022 22.11

Konflik Karen
Bagian dari Konflik internal di Myanmar
Tanggal1949–sekarang
LokasiNegara Bagian Kayin, Myanmar (Burma)
Hasil Gencatan senjata pada tahun 2012
Pihak terlibat

Myanmar Myanmar

Sebelumnya:

Uni Nasional Karen

DKBA-5
Tokoh dan pemimpin

Myanmar Thein Sein
(Presiden Myanmar)
Myanmar Min Aung Hlaing
(panglima tertinggi)
Myanmar Wai Lwin
(Menteri Pertahanan)

Mantan komandan:

Saw Mutu Say Poe (sejak tahun 2008)
Saw Tamlabaw (2000–2008)
Bo Mya (1976–2000)
Saw Ba U Gyi (1949–1950)

Bo Nat Khann Mway
Kekuatan

30.000


43.000 (1951)[1]

6.000-7.000[2]

  • 4.000+ (1951)[1]
1.500[3]
Korban
Tidak diketahui Tidak diketahui
Lebih dari 200.000 warga menjadi pengungsi internal

Konflik Karen adalah konflik bersenjata yang meletus di Myanmar (Burma) dan dikenal sebagai 'perang saudara terpanjang di dunia'.[4] Gerakan nasionalis Karen telah berupaya untuk memperoleh otonomi atau kemerdekaan dari Myanmar[5] semenjak tahun 1949. Konflik ini berlangsung antara Uni Nasional Karen (bahasa Burma: ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး) dengan angkatan bersenjatanya Pasukan Pembebasan Nasional Karen melawan Tatmadaw Myanmar.

Akibat konflik ini, ratusan ribu orang Karen menjadi pengungsi internal, dan banyak pula orang Karen yang melarikan diri ke Thailand.[6]

Catatan kaki

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ a b Richard, hlm. 88
  2. ^ Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf
  3. ^ Myanmar Peace Monitor: Stakeholders - DKBA-5
  4. ^ Callahan M.P., Making Enemies. War and Statebuilding in Burma. Cornell University Press (Ithaca/London, 2013)
  5. ^ South, A., "Burma’s Longest war. Anatomy of the Karen conflict." Transnational Institute and Burma Center Netherlands: Amsterdam, 2011, hlm. 6
  6. ^ South, Burma’s Longest war. p. 10 and Shirley L. Worland, "Displaced and misplaced or just displaced: Christian Displaced Karen Identity after Sixty Years of War in Burma" PhD. Philosophy at The University of Queensland, March 2010, hlm. 23

Bacaan lanjut

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Charney, Michael W., A History of Modern Burma. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • Falla, J., True Love and Bartholomew: Rebels on the Burmese Border. Cambridge University Press: New York, 1991.
  • Fredholm, M., Burma: Ethnicity and Insurgency. Praeger: Westport,1993.
  • Holliday, I., Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political reform in Myanmar. Columbia University Press: New York, 2011.
  • Hlaing, Kyaw Yin, Prisms on the Golden Pagoda. Perspectives on national reconciliation in Myanmar. National University of Singapore Press: Singapore, 2014.
  • Keyes, Charles F. (ed), Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Thai Frontier with Burma. Institute for the Study of Human Issues: Philadelphia, 1979.
  • Keyes, Charles F., The Golden Peninsula: Culture and Adaptation in Mainland Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu, 1995.