Orang Tionghoa di Jerman: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Orang Tionghoa di Jerman''' membentuk salah satu kelompok [[Tionghoa perantauan]] terkecil dan kurang dipelajari di Eropa, utamanya terdiri dari ekspatriat Tiongkok yang tinggal di Jerman dan warga Jerman keturunan Tionghoa.<ref name="auto">{{harvnb|Benton|2007|p=30}}</ref> Komunitas Tionghoa Jerman bertumbuh cepat dan, pada 2016, diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 212,000 menurut [[Institut Riset Populasi Federal]].<ref name="bib2017">https://web.archive.org/web/20171209232407/http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html</ref> |
'''Orang Tionghoa di Jerman''' membentuk salah satu kelompok [[Tionghoa perantauan]] terkecil dan kurang dipelajari di Eropa, utamanya terdiri dari ekspatriat Tiongkok yang tinggal di Jerman dan warga Jerman keturunan Tionghoa.<ref name="auto">{{harvnb|Benton|2007|p=30}}</ref> Komunitas Tionghoa Jerman bertumbuh cepat dan, pada 2016, diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 212,000 menurut [[Institut Riset Populasi Federal]].<ref name="bib2017">https://web.archive.org/web/20171209232407/http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html</ref> |
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==Referensi== |
== Referensi == |
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===Catatan=== |
=== Catatan === |
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{{reflist|3}} |
{{reflist|3}} |
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===Sumber=== |
=== Sumber === |
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*{{citation|last=Benton|first=Gregor|chapter=Germany|title=Chinese Migrants and Internationalism|pages=30–37|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|isbn=978-0-415-41868-3}} |
* {{citation|last=Benton|first=Gregor|chapter=Germany|title=Chinese Migrants and Internationalism|pages=30–37|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|isbn=978-0-415-41868-3}} |
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*{{citation|last=Cheng|first=Xi|chapter=Non-Remaining and Non-Returning: The Mainland Chinese Students in Japan and Europe since the 1970s|pages=158–172|title=Globalizing Chinese Migration: Trends in Europe and Asia|editor-first=Pál|editor-last=Nyíri|editor2-first=Igor Rostislavovich|editor2-last=Savelev|year=2002|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-1793-8}} |
* {{citation|last=Cheng|first=Xi|chapter=Non-Remaining and Non-Returning: The Mainland Chinese Students in Japan and Europe since the 1970s|pages=158–172|title=Globalizing Chinese Migration: Trends in Europe and Asia|editor-first=Pál|editor-last=Nyíri|editor2-first=Igor Rostislavovich|editor2-last=Savelev|year=2002|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-1793-8}} |
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*{{citation|title=Chinatown, Europe: An Exploration of Overseas Chinese Identity in the 1990s|first=Flemming|last=Christiansen|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7007-1072-0}} |
* {{citation|title=Chinatown, Europe: An Exploration of Overseas Chinese Identity in the 1990s|first=Flemming|last=Christiansen|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7007-1072-0}} |
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*{{citation|last=Giese|first=Karsten|chapter=Patterns of Migration from Zhejiang to Germany|editor-first=Frank|editor-last=Pieke|editor2-first=Hein|editor2-last=Malle|title=Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives|publication-place=Surrey, United Kingdom|publisher=Curzon Press|year=1999|pages=199–214}} |
* {{citation|last=Giese|first=Karsten|chapter=Patterns of Migration from Zhejiang to Germany|editor-first=Frank|editor-last=Pieke|editor2-first=Hein|editor2-last=Malle|title=Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives|publication-place=Surrey, United Kingdom|publisher=Curzon Press|year=1999|pages=199–214}} |
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*{{citation|last=Gütinger|first=Erich|pages=199–210|chapter=A Sketch of the Chinese Community in Germany: Past and Present|editor-last=Benton|editor-first=Gregor|editor2-last=Pieke|editor2-first=Frank N.|title=The Chinese in Europe|year=1998|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-312-17526-9}} |
* {{citation|last=Gütinger|first=Erich|pages=199–210|chapter=A Sketch of the Chinese Community in Germany: Past and Present|editor-last=Benton|editor-first=Gregor|editor2-last=Pieke|editor2-first=Frank N.|title=The Chinese in Europe|year=1998|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-312-17526-9}} |
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*{{citation|title=Die Geschichte Der Chinesen in Deutschland: Ein Überblick über die ersten 100 Jahre ab 1822|first=Erich|last=Gütinger|publisher=Waxmann Verlag|year=2004|isbn=978-3-8309-1457-0}} |
* {{citation|title=Die Geschichte Der Chinesen in Deutschland: Ein Überblick über die ersten 100 Jahre ab 1822|first=Erich|last=Gütinger|publisher=Waxmann Verlag|year=2004|isbn=978-3-8309-1457-0}} |
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*{{citation|last=Kirby|first=William C.|title=Germany and republican China|year=1984|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-1209-5}} |
* {{citation|last=Kirby|first=William C.|title=Germany and republican China|year=1984|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-1209-5}} |
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*{{citation|last=Leung|first=Maggi W. H.|chapter=Notions of Home among Diaspora Chinese in Germany|pages=237–260|title=The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility, and Identity|editor-first=Laurence J. C.|editor-last=Ma|editor2-first=Carolyn L.|editor2-last=Cartier|publisher=Rowman and Littlefield|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7425-1756-1}} |
* {{citation|last=Leung|first=Maggi W. H.|chapter=Notions of Home among Diaspora Chinese in Germany|pages=237–260|title=The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility, and Identity|editor-first=Laurence J. C.|editor-last=Ma|editor2-first=Carolyn L.|editor2-last=Cartier|publisher=Rowman and Littlefield|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7425-1756-1}} |
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*{{citation|last=Leung|first=Maggi|chapter=The working of networking: Ethnic networks as social capital among Chinese migrant businesses in Germany|title=Asian Migrants and European Labour Markets: Patterns and Processes of Immigrant Labour Market Insertion in Europe|pages=309–331|editor-first=Ernst|editor-last=Spaan|editor2-first=Felicitas|editor2-last=Hillmann|editor3-first=A. L.|editor3-last=van Naerssen|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=978-0-415-36502-4}} |
* {{citation|last=Leung|first=Maggi|chapter=The working of networking: Ethnic networks as social capital among Chinese migrant businesses in Germany|title=Asian Migrants and European Labour Markets: Patterns and Processes of Immigrant Labour Market Insertion in Europe|pages=309–331|editor-first=Ernst|editor-last=Spaan|editor2-first=Felicitas|editor2-last=Hillmann|editor3-first=A. L.|editor3-last=van Naerssen|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=978-0-415-36502-4}} |
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*{{citation|title=Global Spaces of Chinese Culture: Diasporic Chinese Communities in the United States and Germany|first=Sylvia|last=Van Ziegert|publisher=CRC Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-415-97890-3}} |
* {{citation|title=Global Spaces of Chinese Culture: Diasporic Chinese Communities in the United States and Germany|first=Sylvia|last=Van Ziegert|publisher=CRC Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-415-97890-3}} |
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==Bacaan tambahan== |
== Bacaan tambahan == |
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*{{citation|last=Giese|first=Karsten|year=2003|title=New Chinese Migration to Germany: Historical Consistencies and New Patterns of Diversification within a Globalized Migration Regime|journal=International Migration|volume=41|issue=3|pages=155–185|doi=10.1111/1468-2435.00245}} |
* {{citation|last=Giese|first=Karsten|year=2003|title=New Chinese Migration to Germany: Historical Consistencies and New Patterns of Diversification within a Globalized Migration Regime|journal=International Migration|volume=41|issue=3|pages=155–185|doi=10.1111/1468-2435.00245}} |
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*{{citation|last=Leung|first=Maggi Wai-han|year=2004|title=Chinese Migration In Germany: Making Home In Transnational Space|publisher=Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation|isbn=978-3-88939-712-6}} |
* {{citation|last=Leung|first=Maggi Wai-han|year=2004|title=Chinese Migration In Germany: Making Home In Transnational Space|publisher=Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation|isbn=978-3-88939-712-6}} |
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[[Kategori:Diaspora Tionghoa menurut negara|Jerman]] |
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Revisi terkini sejak 28 Januari 2019 09.45
| Jumlah populasi | |
|---|---|
| 212,000[1] | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
| Berlin,[2] Frankfurt am Main, Wilayah Ruhr, Munich, Hamburg | |
| Bahasa | |
| Sejumlah ragam Tionghoa (umumnya Mandarin, Hokkien, Wu, dan Kanton), Jerman;[2] Inggris tak banyak dipakai[3] | |
| Agama | |
| Buddha,[4] Kristen, Ateisme, Non-agama | |
| Kelompok etnik terkait | |
| Tionghoa perantauan |
| Tionghoa Jerman | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanzi tradisional: | 德國華人 | ||||||||||
| Hanzi sederhana: | 德国华人 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| nama alternatif | |||||||||||
| Hanzi tradisional: | 德國華僑 | ||||||||||
| Hanzi sederhana: | 德国华侨 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Orang Tionghoa di Jerman membentuk salah satu kelompok Tionghoa perantauan terkecil dan kurang dipelajari di Eropa, utamanya terdiri dari ekspatriat Tiongkok yang tinggal di Jerman dan warga Jerman keturunan Tionghoa.[5] Komunitas Tionghoa Jerman bertumbuh cepat dan, pada 2016, diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 212,000 menurut Institut Riset Populasi Federal.[1]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20171209232407/http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html
- ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaGütinger 1998 p=206 - ^ Van Ziegert 2006, hlm. 162
- ^ "Chinese Buddhist centers in Germany", World Buddhist Directory, Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2006, diakses tanggal 2008-10-12
- ^ Benton 2007, hlm. 30
Sumber
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Benton, Gregor (2007), "Germany", Chinese Migrants and Internationalism, Routledge, hlm. 30–37, ISBN 978-0-415-41868-3
- Cheng, Xi (2002), "Non-Remaining and Non-Returning: The Mainland Chinese Students in Japan and Europe since the 1970s", dalam Nyíri, Pál; Savelev, Igor Rostislavovich, Globalizing Chinese Migration: Trends in Europe and Asia, Ashgate Publishing, hlm. 158–172, ISBN 978-0-7546-1793-8
- Christiansen, Flemming (2003), Chinatown, Europe: An Exploration of Overseas Chinese Identity in the 1990s, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7007-1072-0
- Giese, Karsten (1999), "Patterns of Migration from Zhejiang to Germany", dalam Pieke, Frank; Malle, Hein, Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives, Surrey, United Kingdom: Curzon Press, hlm. 199–214
- Gütinger, Erich (1998), "A Sketch of the Chinese Community in Germany: Past and Present", dalam Benton, Gregor; Pieke, Frank N., The Chinese in Europe, Macmillan, hlm. 199–210, ISBN 978-0-312-17526-9
- Gütinger, Erich (2004), Die Geschichte Der Chinesen in Deutschland: Ein Überblick über die ersten 100 Jahre ab 1822, Waxmann Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8309-1457-0
- Kirby, William C. (1984), Germany and republican China, Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-1209-5
- Leung, Maggi W. H. (2003), "Notions of Home among Diaspora Chinese in Germany", dalam Ma, Laurence J. C.; Cartier, Carolyn L., The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility, and Identity, Rowman and Littlefield, hlm. 237–260, ISBN 978-0-7425-1756-1
- Leung, Maggi (2005), "The working of networking: Ethnic networks as social capital among Chinese migrant businesses in Germany", dalam Spaan, Ernst; Hillmann, Felicitas; van Naerssen, A. L., Asian Migrants and European Labour Markets: Patterns and Processes of Immigrant Labour Market Insertion in Europe, Routledge, hlm. 309–331, ISBN 978-0-415-36502-4
- Van Ziegert, Sylvia (2006), Global Spaces of Chinese Culture: Diasporic Chinese Communities in the United States and Germany, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-415-97890-3
Bacaan tambahan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Giese, Karsten (2003), "New Chinese Migration to Germany: Historical Consistencies and New Patterns of Diversification within a Globalized Migration Regime", International Migration, 41 (3): 155–185, doi:10.1111/1468-2435.00245
- Leung, Maggi Wai-han (2004), Chinese Migration In Germany: Making Home In Transnational Space, Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, ISBN 978-3-88939-712-6