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'''Kurkumin''' ({{lang-en|diferuloylmethane}} adalah [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] aktif yang ditemukan pada [[kunir]], berupa [[polifenol]] dengan rumus kimia C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>20</sub>O<sub>6</sub>. Kurkumin memiliki dua bentuk [[tautomer]]: [[keton]] dan [[enol]]. Struktur keton lebih dominan dalam bentuk [[padat]], sedangkan struktur enol ditemukan dalam bentuk [[cairan]]. Kurkumin merupakan senyawa yang berinteraksi dengan [[asam borat]] menghasilkan senyawa berwarna [[merah]] yang disebut [[rososiania]].
'''Kurkumin''' ({{lang-en|diferuloylmethane}} adalah [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] aktif yang ditemukan pada [[kunir]], berupa [[polifenol]] dengan rumus kimia C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>20</sub>O<sub>6</sub>. Kurkumin memiliki dua bentuk [[tautomer]]: [[keton]] dan [[enol]]. Struktur keton lebih dominan dalam bentuk [[padat]], sedangkan struktur enol ditemukan dalam bentuk [[cairan]]. Kurkumin merupakan senyawa yang berinteraksi dengan [[asam borat]] menghasilkan senyawa berwarna [[merah]] yang disebut [[rososiania]].


Senyawa turunan kurkumin disebut '''kurkuminoid''', yang hanya terdapat dua macam, yaitu [[desmetoksikurkumin]] dan [[bis-desmetoksikurkumin]], sedangkan ''in vivo'', kurkumin akan berubah menjadi [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] [[metabolit]] berupa [[dihidrokurkumin]] atau [[tetrahidrokurkumin]] sebelum kemudian dikonversi menjadi senyawa [[konjugasi]] [[monoglusuronida]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
Senyawa turunan kurkumin disebut '''kurkuminoid''', yang hanya terdapat dua macam, yaitu [[desmetoksikurkumin]] dan [[bis-desmetoksikurkumin]], sedangkan ''in vivo'', kurkumin akan berubah menjadi [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] [[metabolit]] berupa [[dihidrokurkumin]] atau [[tetrahidrokurkumin]] sebelum kemudian dikonversi menjadi senyawa [[konjugasi]] [[monoglusuronida]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10101144
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10101144
| title = Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice
| title = Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice
Baris 11: Baris 11:


Kurkumin dikenal karena sifat [[antitumor]] dan [[antioksidan]] yang dimilikinya, selain banyak kegunaan medis seperti;
Kurkumin dikenal karena sifat [[antitumor]] dan [[antioksidan]] yang dimilikinya, selain banyak kegunaan medis seperti;
* melindungi [[saraf]],<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* melindungi [[saraf]],<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553189
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553189
| title = Curcumin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against Homocysteine Intracerebroventricular Injection-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain.
| title = Curcumin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against Homocysteine Intracerebroventricular Injection-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain.
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| work = Neuroscience Research Center; Ataie A, Sabetkasaei M, Haghparast A, Moghaddam AH, Ataee R, Moghaddam SN.
| work = Neuroscience Research Center; Ataie A, Sabetkasaei M, Haghparast A, Moghaddam AH, Ataee R, Moghaddam SN.
}}</ref> mengurangi risiko [[radang otak]] [[vasospasma]]<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> mengurangi risiko [[radang otak]] [[vasospasma]]<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752423
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752423
| title = Curcumin attenuates vascular inflammation and cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice.
| title = Curcumin attenuates vascular inflammation and cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice.
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| work = Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia; Wakade C, King MD, Laird MD, Alleyne CH Jr, Dhandapani KM.
| work = Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia; Wakade C, King MD, Laird MD, Alleyne CH Jr, Dhandapani KM.
}}</ref> dan mengembalikan [[homeostasis]] energi pada sistem otak yang terganggu akibat terluka atau trauma.<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> dan mengembalikan [[homeostasis]] energi pada sistem otak yang terganggu akibat terluka atau trauma.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19393301
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19393301
| title = Dietary curcumin supplementation counteracts reduction in levels of molecules involved in energy homeostasis after brain trauma
| title = Dietary curcumin supplementation counteracts reduction in levels of molecules involved in energy homeostasis after brain trauma
Baris 27: Baris 27:
| work = Department of Physiological Science, UCLA; Sharma S, Zhuang Y, Ying Z, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F.
| work = Department of Physiological Science, UCLA; Sharma S, Zhuang Y, Ying Z, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* menghambat dan mengurangi penumpukan plak amiloid-beta pada penderita [[Alzheimer]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* menghambat dan mengurangi penumpukan plak amiloid-beta pada penderita [[Alzheimer]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15590663
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15590663
| title = Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo
| title = Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo
| accessdate = 2010-06-27
| accessdate = 2010-06-27
| work = Department of Medicine, UCLA; Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo
| work = Department of Medicine, UCLA; Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo
}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930076
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930076
| title = Inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia may explain medicinal use of turmeric in Alzheimer's disease
| title = Inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia may explain medicinal use of turmeric in Alzheimer's disease
| accessdate = 2010-06-27
| accessdate = 2010-06-27
| work = Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College; Ahmed T, Gilani AH.
| work = Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College; Ahmed T, Gilani AH.
}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19715544
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19715544
| title = Optimized turmeric extracts have potent anti-amyloidogenic effects
| title = Optimized turmeric extracts have potent anti-amyloidogenic effects
| accessdate = 2010-06-27
| accessdate = 2010-06-27
| work = Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine; Shytle RD, Bickford PC, Rezai-zadeh K, Hou L, Zeng J, Tan J, Sanberg PR, Sanberg CD, Roschek B Jr, Fink RC, Alberte RS.
| work = Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine; Shytle RD, Bickford PC, Rezai-zadeh K, Hou L, Zeng J, Tan J, Sanberg PR, Sanberg CD, Roschek B Jr, Fink RC, Alberte RS.
}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19090986
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19090986
| title = Immune defects in Alzheimer's disease: new medications development
| title = Immune defects in Alzheimer's disease: new medications development
Baris 48: Baris 48:
| work = Human BioMolecular Research Institute, San Diego; Cashman JR, Ghirmai S, Abel KJ, Fiala M.
| work = Human BioMolecular Research Institute, San Diego; Cashman JR, Ghirmai S, Abel KJ, Fiala M.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* melindungi [[hati]], antara lain dari [[hemangioendotelioma]],<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* melindungi [[hati]], antara lain dari [[hemangioendotelioma]],<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582974
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582974
| title = Potential response to curcumin in infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver.
| title = Potential response to curcumin in infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver.
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| work = University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Hassell LA, Roanh LD.
| work = University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Hassell LA, Roanh LD.
}}</ref> [[hepatokarsinoma]],<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> [[hepatokarsinoma]],<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20450049
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20450049
| title = [Anticancer activities of curcumin on human hepatocarcinoma cell line Sk-hep-1]
| title = [Anticancer activities of curcumin on human hepatocarcinoma cell line Sk-hep-1]
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| work = Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Wang W, Zhang B, Chen H, Zhang L.
| work = Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Wang W, Zhang B, Chen H, Zhang L.
}}</ref> [[Hepatitis]] B.<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> [[Hepatitis]] B.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20434445
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20434445
| title = Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus via down-regulation of the metabolic coactivator PGC-1alpha.
| title = Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus via down-regulation of the metabolic coactivator PGC-1alpha.
Baris 64: Baris 64:
| work = The Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease; Rechtman MM, Har-Noy O, Bar-Yishay I, Fishman S, Adamovich Y, Shaul Y, Halpern Z, Shlomai A.
| work = The Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease; Rechtman MM, Har-Noy O, Bar-Yishay I, Fishman S, Adamovich Y, Shaul Y, Halpern Z, Shlomai A.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* melindungi [[pankreas]] dari akibat rasio [[sitokina]] yang berlebihan,<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* melindungi [[pankreas]] dari akibat rasio [[sitokina]] yang berlebihan,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695642
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695642
| title = Novel role of curcumin in the prevention of cytokine-induced islet death in vitro and diabetogenesis in vivo
| title = Novel role of curcumin in the prevention of cytokine-induced islet death in vitro and diabetogenesis in vivo
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| work = Tissue Engineering and Banking Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science; Kanitkar M, Gokhale K, Galande S, Bhonde RR.
| work = Tissue Engineering and Banking Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science; Kanitkar M, Gokhale K, Galande S, Bhonde RR.
}}</ref> bahkan setelah [[transplantasi]],<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> bahkan setelah [[transplantasi]],<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188863
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188863
| title = Induction of antioxidant enzymes by curcumin and its analogues in human islets: implications in transplantation
| title = Induction of antioxidant enzymes by curcumin and its analogues in human islets: implications in transplantation
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| accessdate = 2010-06-30
| work = Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota; Balamurugan AN, Akhov L, Selvaraj G, Pugazhenthi S.
| work = Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota; Balamurugan AN, Akhov L, Selvaraj G, Pugazhenthi S.
}}</ref> serta menurunkan resistansi terhadap [[insulin]] dan [[leptin]]<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> serta menurunkan resistansi terhadap [[insulin]] dan [[leptin]]<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19176142
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19176142
| title = [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin]
| title = [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin]
Baris 80: Baris 80:
| work = Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Yu Y, Hu SK, Yan H.
| work = Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Yu Y, Hu SK, Yan H.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* melindungi [[sel Leydig]] dari pengaruh [[alkohol]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* melindungi [[sel Leydig]] dari pengaruh [[alkohol]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971866
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971866
| title = Curcumin protects Leydig cells of mice from damage induced by chronic alcohol administration
| title = Curcumin protects Leydig cells of mice from damage induced by chronic alcohol administration
Baris 86: Baris 86:
| work = Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology. Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa; Giannessi F, Giambelluca MA, Grasso L, Scavuzzo MC, Ruffoli R.
| work = Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology. Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa; Giannessi F, Giambelluca MA, Grasso L, Scavuzzo MC, Ruffoli R.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* menurunkan peradangan pada jaringan adiposa.<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* menurunkan peradangan pada jaringan adiposa.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18549505
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18549505
| title = Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes
| title = Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes
Baris 94: Baris 94:


selain itu kurkumin juga:
selain itu kurkumin juga:
* menghambat [[indoleamina 2,3-dioksigenase]], sebuah enzim yang berperan dalam degradasi [[triptofan]] pada [[sel dendritik]] yang distimulasi oleh [[liposakarida|LPS]] atau [[interferon]], dan menghambat matangnya sel dendritik. Ekspresi [[siklo oksigenase-2]] yang diinduksi oleh LPS dan produksi [[prostaglandin E2]] akan meningkat, dan mengakibatkan de-ekspresi [[molekul]] [[CD80]], [[CD86]] dan [[kompleks histokompatibilitas utama|MHC I]] dan menghambat<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* menghambat [[indoleamina 2,3-dioksigenase]], sebuah enzim yang berperan dalam degradasi [[triptofan]] pada [[sel dendritik]] yang distimulasi oleh [[liposakarida|LPS]] atau [[interferon]], dan menghambat matangnya sel dendritik. Ekspresi [[siklo oksigenase-2]] yang diinduksi oleh LPS dan produksi [[prostaglandin E2]] akan meningkat, dan mengakibatkan de-ekspresi [[molekul]] [[CD80]], [[CD86]] dan [[kompleks histokompatibilitas utama|MHC I]] dan menghambat<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17640567
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17640567
| title = Role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane).
| title = Role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane).
| accessdate = 2010-07-04
| accessdate = 2010-07-04
| work = Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Box 143, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Sandur SK, Ichikawa H, Pandey MK, Kunnumakkara AB, Sung B, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB.
| work = Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Box 143, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Sandur SK, Ichikawa H, Pandey MK, Kunnumakkara AB, Sung B, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB.
}}</ref> produksi [[sitokina]] [[Interleukin-12|IL-12 p70]] dan [[Faktor nekrosis tumor-alfa|TNF-α]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> produksi [[sitokina]] [[Interleukin-12|IL-12 p70]] dan [[Faktor nekrosis tumor-alfa|TNF-α]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20399909
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20399909
| title = COX-2 and PGE2 signaling is essential for the regulation of IDO expression by curcumin in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
| title = COX-2 and PGE2 signaling is essential for the regulation of IDO expression by curcumin in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
Baris 105: Baris 105:
| work = Department of Microbiology and Immunology and National Research Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Jung ID, Jeong YI, Lee CM, Noh KT, Jeong SK, Chun SH, Choi OH, Park WS, Han J, Shin YK, Kim HW, Yun CH, Park YM.
| work = Department of Microbiology and Immunology and National Research Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, School of Medicine, Pusan National University; Jung ID, Jeong YI, Lee CM, Noh KT, Jeong SK, Chun SH, Choi OH, Park WS, Han J, Shin YK, Kim HW, Yun CH, Park YM.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* menghambat [[angiogenesis]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* menghambat [[angiogenesis]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596194
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596194
| title = Curcumin inhibits VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells through COX-2 and MAPK inhibition
| title = Curcumin inhibits VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells through COX-2 and MAPK inhibition
Baris 111: Baris 111:
| work = Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin; Binion DG, Otterson MF, Rafiee P.
| work = Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin; Binion DG, Otterson MF, Rafiee P.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* menghambat lintasan COX<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
* menghambat lintasan COX<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16786056
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16786056
| title = Comparison of Anti-inflammatory Activities of Six Curcuma Rhizomes: A Possible Curcuminoid-independent Pathway Mediated by Curcuma phaeocaulis Extract.
| title = Comparison of Anti-inflammatory Activities of Six Curcuma Rhizomes: A Possible Curcuminoid-independent Pathway Mediated by Curcuma phaeocaulis Extract.
| accessdate = 2010-07-04
| accessdate = 2010-07-04
| work = Tohda C, Nakayama N, Hatanaka F, Komatsu K.
| work = Tohda C, Nakayama N, Hatanaka F, Komatsu K.
}}</ref> dan LO pada [[metabolisme eikosanoid]]. Kurkumin sangat efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker, seperti kanker payudara, namun menunjukkan sifat toksik terhadap kultur [[sel punca]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
}}</ref> dan LO pada [[metabolisme eikosanoid]]. Kurkumin sangat efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker, seperti kanker payudara, namun menunjukkan sifat toksik terhadap kultur [[sel punca]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17651499
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17651499
| title = Control of the growth of human breast cancer cells in culture by manipulation of arachidonate metabolism.
| title = Control of the growth of human breast cancer cells in culture by manipulation of arachidonate metabolism.
Baris 123: Baris 123:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Defisiensi COX dapat mengakibatkan [[sindrom Leigh]], SCO2 (''hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''), SCO1 ([[gagal hati]], [[koma ketoasidosis]]), and COX10 (''encephalopathy'', ''tubulopathy'').<ref>{{en}}{{cite web
Defisiensi COX dapat mengakibatkan [[sindrom Leigh]], SCO2 (''hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''), SCO1 ([[gagal hati]], [[koma ketoasidosis]]), and COX10 (''encephalopathy'', ''tubulopathy'').<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=10486321
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=10486321
| title = A missense mutation of cytochrome oxidase subunit II causes defective assembly and myopathy.
| title = A missense mutation of cytochrome oxidase subunit II causes defective assembly and myopathy.

Revisi per 29 November 2019 12.25

Bentuk keton dari kurkumin

Kurkumin (bahasa Inggris: diferuloylmethane adalah senyawa aktif yang ditemukan pada kunir, berupa polifenol dengan rumus kimia C21H20O6. Kurkumin memiliki dua bentuk tautomer: keton dan enol. Struktur keton lebih dominan dalam bentuk padat, sedangkan struktur enol ditemukan dalam bentuk cairan. Kurkumin merupakan senyawa yang berinteraksi dengan asam borat menghasilkan senyawa berwarna merah yang disebut rososiania.

Senyawa turunan kurkumin disebut kurkuminoid, yang hanya terdapat dua macam, yaitu desmetoksikurkumin dan bis-desmetoksikurkumin, sedangkan in vivo, kurkumin akan berubah menjadi senyawa metabolit berupa dihidrokurkumin atau tetrahidrokurkumin sebelum kemudian dikonversi menjadi senyawa konjugasi monoglusuronida.[1]

Kurkumin dikenal karena sifat antitumor dan antioksidan yang dimilikinya, selain banyak kegunaan medis seperti;

selain itu kurkumin juga:

Defisiensi COX dapat mengakibatkan sindrom Leigh, SCO2 (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), SCO1 (gagal hati, koma ketoasidosis), and COX10 (encephalopathy, tubulopathy).[22]

Rujukan

  1. ^ (Inggris) "Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice". Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Pan MH, Huang TM, Lin JK. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-23. 
  2. ^ (Inggris) "Curcumin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against Homocysteine Intracerebroventricular Injection-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain". Neuroscience Research Center; Ataie A, Sabetkasaei M, Haghparast A, Moghaddam AH, Ataee R, Moghaddam SN. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30. 
  3. ^ (Inggris) "Curcumin attenuates vascular inflammation and cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice". Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia; Wakade C, King MD, Laird MD, Alleyne CH Jr, Dhandapani KM. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30. 
  4. ^ (Inggris) "Dietary curcumin supplementation counteracts reduction in levels of molecules involved in energy homeostasis after brain trauma". Department of Physiological Science, UCLA; Sharma S, Zhuang Y, Ying Z, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-04. 
  5. ^ (Inggris) "Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo". Department of Medicine, UCLA; Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-27. 
  6. ^ (Inggris) "Inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia may explain medicinal use of turmeric in Alzheimer's disease". Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College; Ahmed T, Gilani AH. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-27. 
  7. ^ (Inggris) "Optimized turmeric extracts have potent anti-amyloidogenic effects". Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine; Shytle RD, Bickford PC, Rezai-zadeh K, Hou L, Zeng J, Tan J, Sanberg PR, Sanberg CD, Roschek B Jr, Fink RC, Alberte RS. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-27. 
  8. ^ (Inggris) "Immune defects in Alzheimer's disease: new medications development". Human BioMolecular Research Institute, San Diego; Cashman JR, Ghirmai S, Abel KJ, Fiala M. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-27. 
  9. ^ (Inggris) "Potential response to curcumin in infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver". University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Hassell LA, Roanh LD. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30. 
  10. ^ (Inggris) "[Anticancer activities of curcumin on human hepatocarcinoma cell line Sk-hep-1]". Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Wang W, Zhang B, Chen H, Zhang L. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30. 
  11. ^ (Inggris) "Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus via down-regulation of the metabolic coactivator PGC-1alpha". The Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease; Rechtman MM, Har-Noy O, Bar-Yishay I, Fishman S, Adamovich Y, Shaul Y, Halpern Z, Shlomai A. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30. 
  12. ^ (Inggris) "Novel role of curcumin in the prevention of cytokine-induced islet death in vitro and diabetogenesis in vivo". Tissue Engineering and Banking Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science; Kanitkar M, Gokhale K, Galande S, Bhonde RR. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30. 
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