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'''Remdesivir''' (kode pengembangan "GS-5734") adalah [[obat antivirus]], sebuah [[prodrug]] [[analog nukleotida]] baru, yang dikembangkan oleh perusahaan [[bioteknologi]] [[Gilead Sciences]] sebagai pengobatan untuk infeksi [[penyakit virus Ebola]] dan [[virus Marburg]], meskipun ditemukan juga aktivitas antivirus yang wajar terhadap virus yang terkait seperti [[Orthopneumovirus manusia|virus pernapasan respirasi]], [[Argentinian mammarenavirus|virus Junin]], [[Lassa mammarenavirus|virus demam Lassa]], dan [[Koronavirus terkait sindrom pernapasan Timur Tengah|virus kor-MERS]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Agostini ML, Andres EL, Sims AC, Graham RL, Sheahan TP, Lu X, Smith EC, Case JB, Feng JY, Jordan R, Ray AS, Cihlar T, Siegel D, Mackman RL, Clarke MO, Baric RS, Denison MR | display-authors = 6 | title = Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease | journal = mBio | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29511076 | pmc = 5844999 | doi = 10.1128/mBio.00221-18 }}</ref>
'''Remdesivir''' (kode pengembangan "GS-5734") adalah [[obat antivirus]], sebuah [[prodrug]] [[analog nukleotida]] baru, yang dikembangkan oleh perusahaan [[bioteknologi]] [[Gilead Sciences]] sebagai pengobatan untuk infeksi [[penyakit virus Ebola]] dan [[virus Marburg]], meskipun ditemukan juga aktivitas antivirus yang wajar terhadap virus yang terkait seperti [[Orthopneumovirus manusia|virus pernapasan respirasi]], [[Argentinian mammarenavirus|virus Junin]], [[Lassa mammarenavirus|virus demam Lassa]], dan [[Koronavirus terkait sindrom pernapasan Timur Tengah|virus kor-MERS]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Agostini ML, Andres EL, Sims AC, Graham RL, Sheahan TP, Lu X, Smith EC, Case JB, Feng JY, Jordan R, Ray AS, Cihlar T, Siegel D, Mackman RL, Clarke MO, Baric RS, Denison MR | display-authors = 6 | title = Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease | journal = mBio | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29511076 | pmc = 5844999 | doi = 10.1128/mBio.00221-18 }}</ref>


Ketika [[Wabah virus Ebola di Afrika Barat]] merebak tahun 2013-2016, Remdesivir segera didorong untuk melakukan uji klinis, yang akhirnya digunakan setidaknya kepada satu pasien manusia, meskipun Remdesivir baru dalam tahap awal pengembangan pada saat itu. Hasilnya cukup menjanjikan, dan digunakan secara darurat ketika merebak [[Wabah Ebola Kivu 2018–2019]] sambil dilakukan uji klinis lebih lanjut, hingga Agustus 2019, ketika pejabat kesehatan [[Kongo]] mengumumkan bahwa Remdesivir tidak efektif dibandingkan dengan obat lainnya seperti [[mAb114]] dan obat dari [[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals]] yang memproduksi REGN3470-3471-3479 (kemudian disebut [[REGN-EB3]]).<ref>{{cite web | first = Robert | last = Preidt | name-list-format = vanc | date = June 29, 2017 | title = Experimental Drug Shows Promise Against Dangerous Viruses: Medicine worked in lab tests against germs that cause SARS and MERS infections | url = https://medlineplus.gov/news/fullstory_166953.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170728083042/https://medlineplus.gov/news/fullstory_166953.html | archive-date = 28 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jpeocbd.osd.mil/Packs/DocHandler.ashx%3FDocID%3D700&ved=0ahUKEwjE-MD29LTQAhUMlJQKHZc1Ar4QFgh9MBI&usg=AFQjCNGCWr-rWuTyEhr1EfI3pL_T838oqA&sig2=rzvoYXRwM23Oc5aXyAKuwg | first1 = Tomas | last1 = Cihlar | name-list-format = vanc | publisher = Gilead Sciences. | title = Discovery and Development of GS-5734, a Novel Nucleotide Prodrug with Broad Spectrum Anti-Filovirus Activity. | work = FANG-WHO Workshop, Fort Detrick, MD. | date = 20 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Warren T, Jordan R, Lo M, Soloveva V, Ray A, Bannister R, Mackman R, Perron M, Stray K, Feng J, Xu Y, etal | display-authors = 6 |title=Nucleotide Prodrug GS-5734 Is a Broad-Spectrum Filovirus Inhibitor That Provides Complete Therapeutic Protection Against the Development of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Infected Non-human Primates|journal=Open Forum Infect Dis|year=Fall 2015|volume=2|doi= 10.1093/ofid/ofv130.02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Warren TK, Jordan R, Lo MK, Ray AS, Mackman RL, Soloveva V, Siegel D, Perron M, Bannister R, Hui HC, Larson N, Strickley R, Wells J, Stuthman KS, Van Tongeren SA, Garza NL, Donnelly G, Shurtleff AC, Retterer CJ, Gharaibeh D, Zamani R, Kenny T, Eaton BP, Grimes E, Welch LS, Gomba L, Wilhelmsen CL, Nichols DK, Nuss JE, Nagle ER, Kugelman JR, Palacios G, Doerffler E, Neville S, Carra E, Clarke MO, Zhang L, Lew W, Ross B, Wang Q, Chun K, Wolfe L, Babusis D, Park Y, Stray KM, Trancheva I, Feng JY, Barauskas O, Xu Y, Wong P, Braun MR, Flint M, McMullan LK, Chen SS, Fearns R, Swaminathan S, Mayers DL, Spiropoulou CF, Lee WA, Nichol ST, Cihlar T, Bavari S | display-authors = 6 | title = Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys | journal = Nature | volume = 531 | issue = 7594 | pages = 381–5 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26934220 | pmc = 5551389 | doi = 10.1038/nature17180 | bibcode = 2016Natur.531..381W }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jacobs M, Rodger A, Bell DJ, Bhagani S, Cropley I, Filipe A, Gifford RJ, Hopkins S, Hughes J, Jabeen F, Johannessen I, Karageorgopoulos D, Lackenby A, Lester R, Liu RS, MacConnachie A, Mahungu T, Martin D, Marshall N, Mepham S, Orton R, Palmarini M, Patel M, Perry C, Peters SE, Porter D, Ritchie D, Ritchie ND, Seaton RA, Sreenu VB, Templeton K, Warren S, Wilkie GS, Zambon M, Gopal R, Thomson EC | display-authors = 6 | title = Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10043 | pages = 498–503 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27209148 | pmc = 4967715 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30386-5 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/670913385/ebola-treatment-trials-launched-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-amid-outbrea|title=Ebola Treatment Trials Launched In Democratic Republic Of The Congo Amid Outbreak|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-05-28}}</ref><ref name=McNeilNYT>{{cite news |last=McNeil, Jr. |first=Donald G. |author-link=Donald McNeil, Jr. |date=12 August 2019 |title=A Cure for Ebola? Two New Treatments Prove Highly Effective in Congo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/12/health/ebola-outbreak-cure.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=13 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name=MolteniWired>{{cite news |last=Molteni |first=Megan | name-list-format = vanc |date=12 August 2019 |title=Ebola is Now Curable. Here’s How The New Treatments Work |url=https://www.wired.com/story/ebola-is-now-curable-heres-how-the-new-treatments-work/ |work=Wired |access-date=13 August 2019 }}</ref> Remdesivir dapat membantu melindungi terjadinya infeksi akibat [[Henipavirus|virus Nipah dan Hendra]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/health/article/experimental-ebola-drug-remdesivir-may-help-protect-against-nipah-virus-say-scientists/430329|title=Experimental Ebola drug ‘remdesivir’ may help protect against Nipah virus, say scientists|date=3 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/health/nipah-virus-ebola-cure-remdesivir|title=Scientists Claim Drug Designed to Beat Ebola Also Fights Off Nipah|date=2 June 2019}}</ref> demikian juga terhadap [[koronavirus]], [[SARS-CoV|SARS]],<ref name="pmid28659436">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Graham RL, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Case JB, Leist SR, Pyrc K, Feng JY, Trantcheva I, Bannister R, Park Y, Babusis D, Clarke MO, Mackman RL, Spahn JE, Palmiotti CA, Siegel D, Ray AS, Cihlar T, Jordan R, Denison MR, Baric RS | title = Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses | journal = Science Translational Medicine | volume = 9 | issue = 396 | pages = | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28659436 | pmc = 5567817 | doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653 }}</ref> dan infeksi [[2019-nCoV]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://news.bloomberglaw.com/health-law-and-business/coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-eyed-for-human-trials-by-april | title = Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate Eyed for Human Trials by April | date = 22 January 2020 | access-date = 23 January 2020 }}</ref>
Ketika [[Wabah virus Ebola di Afrika Barat]] merebak tahun 2013-2016, remdesivir segera didorong untuk menjalani uji klinis, yang akhirnya digunakan setidaknya kepada satu pasien manusia, meskipun remdesivir baru dalam tahap awal pengembangan pada saat itu. Hasilnya cukup menjanjikan, dan digunakan secara darurat ketika merebak [[Wabah Ebola Kivu 2018–2019]] sambil dilakukan uji klinis lebih lanjut, hingga Agustus 2019, ketika pejabat kesehatan [[Kongo]] mengumumkan bahwa remdesivir tidak efektif dibandingkan dengan obat lainnya seperti [[mAb114]] dan obat dari [[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals]] yang memproduksi REGN3470-3471-3479 (kemudian disebut [[REGN-EB3]]).<ref>{{cite web | first = Robert | last = Preidt | name-list-format = vanc | date = June 29, 2017 | title = Experimental Drug Shows Promise Against Dangerous Viruses: Medicine worked in lab tests against germs that cause SARS and MERS infections | url = https://medlineplus.gov/news/fullstory_166953.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170728083042/https://medlineplus.gov/news/fullstory_166953.html | archive-date = 28 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jpeocbd.osd.mil/Packs/DocHandler.ashx%3FDocID%3D700&ved=0ahUKEwjE-MD29LTQAhUMlJQKHZc1Ar4QFgh9MBI&usg=AFQjCNGCWr-rWuTyEhr1EfI3pL_T838oqA&sig2=rzvoYXRwM23Oc5aXyAKuwg | first1 = Tomas | last1 = Cihlar | name-list-format = vanc | publisher = Gilead Sciences. | title = Discovery and Development of GS-5734, a Novel Nucleotide Prodrug with Broad Spectrum Anti-Filovirus Activity. | work = FANG-WHO Workshop, Fort Detrick, MD. | date = 20 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Warren T, Jordan R, Lo M, Soloveva V, Ray A, Bannister R, Mackman R, Perron M, Stray K, Feng J, Xu Y, etal | display-authors = 6 |title=Nucleotide Prodrug GS-5734 Is a Broad-Spectrum Filovirus Inhibitor That Provides Complete Therapeutic Protection Against the Development of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Infected Non-human Primates|journal=Open Forum Infect Dis|year=Fall 2015|volume=2|doi= 10.1093/ofid/ofv130.02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Warren TK, Jordan R, Lo MK, Ray AS, Mackman RL, Soloveva V, Siegel D, Perron M, Bannister R, Hui HC, Larson N, Strickley R, Wells J, Stuthman KS, Van Tongeren SA, Garza NL, Donnelly G, Shurtleff AC, Retterer CJ, Gharaibeh D, Zamani R, Kenny T, Eaton BP, Grimes E, Welch LS, Gomba L, Wilhelmsen CL, Nichols DK, Nuss JE, Nagle ER, Kugelman JR, Palacios G, Doerffler E, Neville S, Carra E, Clarke MO, Zhang L, Lew W, Ross B, Wang Q, Chun K, Wolfe L, Babusis D, Park Y, Stray KM, Trancheva I, Feng JY, Barauskas O, Xu Y, Wong P, Braun MR, Flint M, McMullan LK, Chen SS, Fearns R, Swaminathan S, Mayers DL, Spiropoulou CF, Lee WA, Nichol ST, Cihlar T, Bavari S | display-authors = 6 | title = Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys | journal = Nature | volume = 531 | issue = 7594 | pages = 381–5 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26934220 | pmc = 5551389 | doi = 10.1038/nature17180 | bibcode = 2016Natur.531..381W }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jacobs M, Rodger A, Bell DJ, Bhagani S, Cropley I, Filipe A, Gifford RJ, Hopkins S, Hughes J, Jabeen F, Johannessen I, Karageorgopoulos D, Lackenby A, Lester R, Liu RS, MacConnachie A, Mahungu T, Martin D, Marshall N, Mepham S, Orton R, Palmarini M, Patel M, Perry C, Peters SE, Porter D, Ritchie D, Ritchie ND, Seaton RA, Sreenu VB, Templeton K, Warren S, Wilkie GS, Zambon M, Gopal R, Thomson EC | display-authors = 6 | title = Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10043 | pages = 498–503 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27209148 | pmc = 4967715 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30386-5 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/670913385/ebola-treatment-trials-launched-in-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-amid-outbrea|title=Ebola Treatment Trials Launched In Democratic Republic Of The Congo Amid Outbreak|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-05-28}}</ref><ref name=McNeilNYT>{{cite news |last=McNeil, Jr. |first=Donald G. |author-link=Donald McNeil, Jr. |date=12 August 2019 |title=A Cure for Ebola? Two New Treatments Prove Highly Effective in Congo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/12/health/ebola-outbreak-cure.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=13 August 2019 }}</ref><ref name=MolteniWired>{{cite news |last=Molteni |first=Megan | name-list-format = vanc |date=12 August 2019 |title=Ebola is Now Curable. Here’s How The New Treatments Work |url=https://www.wired.com/story/ebola-is-now-curable-heres-how-the-new-treatments-work/ |work=Wired |access-date=13 August 2019 }}</ref> Remdesivir dapat membantu melindungi terjadinya infeksi akibat [[Henipavirus|virus Nipah dan Hendra]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/health/article/experimental-ebola-drug-remdesivir-may-help-protect-against-nipah-virus-say-scientists/430329|title=Experimental Ebola drug ‘remdesivir’ may help protect against Nipah virus, say scientists|date=3 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/health/nipah-virus-ebola-cure-remdesivir|title=Scientists Claim Drug Designed to Beat Ebola Also Fights Off Nipah|date=2 June 2019}}</ref> demikian juga terhadap [[koronavirus]], [[SARS-CoV|SARS]],<ref name="pmid28659436">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Graham RL, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Case JB, Leist SR, Pyrc K, Feng JY, Trantcheva I, Bannister R, Park Y, Babusis D, Clarke MO, Mackman RL, Spahn JE, Palmiotti CA, Siegel D, Ray AS, Cihlar T, Jordan R, Denison MR, Baric RS | title = Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses | journal = Science Translational Medicine | volume = 9 | issue = 396 | pages = | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28659436 | pmc = 5567817 | doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653 }}</ref> dan infeksi [[2019-nCoV]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://news.bloomberglaw.com/health-law-and-business/coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-eyed-for-human-trials-by-april | title = Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate Eyed for Human Trials by April | date = 22 January 2020 | access-date = 23 January 2020 }}</ref>


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==

Revisi per 22 Mei 2020 11.36

Remdesivir
Nama sistematis (IUPAC)
(2S)-2-{(2R,3S,4R,5R)-[5-(4-Aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-cyano-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethoxy]phenoxy-(S)-phosphorylamino}propionic acid 2-ethyl-butyl ester
Data klinis
Kat. kehamilan ?
Status hukum ? (US)
Pengenal
Nomor CAS 1809249-37-3 YaY
Kode ATC ?
ChemSpider 58827832
KEGG D11472
Sinonim GS-5734
Data kimia
Rumus C27H35N6O8P 

  • InChI=1S/C27H35N6O8P/c1-4-18(5-2)13-38-26(36)17(3)32-42(37,41-19-9-7-6-8-10-19)39-14-21-23(34)24(35)27(15-28,40-21)22-12-11-20-25(29)30-16-31-33(20)22/h6-12,16-18,21,23-24,34-35H,4-5,13-14H2,1-3H3,(H,32,37)(H2,29,30,31)/t17-,21+,23+,24+,27-,42-/m0/s1
    Key:RWWYLEGWBNMMLJ-YSOARWBDSA-N

Remdesivir (kode pengembangan "GS-5734") adalah obat antivirus, sebuah prodrug analog nukleotida baru, yang dikembangkan oleh perusahaan bioteknologi Gilead Sciences sebagai pengobatan untuk infeksi penyakit virus Ebola dan virus Marburg, meskipun ditemukan juga aktivitas antivirus yang wajar terhadap virus yang terkait seperti virus pernapasan respirasi, virus Junin, virus demam Lassa, dan virus kor-MERS.[1]

Ketika Wabah virus Ebola di Afrika Barat merebak tahun 2013-2016, remdesivir segera didorong untuk menjalani uji klinis, yang akhirnya digunakan setidaknya kepada satu pasien manusia, meskipun remdesivir baru dalam tahap awal pengembangan pada saat itu. Hasilnya cukup menjanjikan, dan digunakan secara darurat ketika merebak Wabah Ebola Kivu 2018–2019 sambil dilakukan uji klinis lebih lanjut, hingga Agustus 2019, ketika pejabat kesehatan Kongo mengumumkan bahwa remdesivir tidak efektif dibandingkan dengan obat lainnya seperti mAb114 dan obat dari Regeneron Pharmaceuticals yang memproduksi REGN3470-3471-3479 (kemudian disebut REGN-EB3).[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Remdesivir dapat membantu melindungi terjadinya infeksi akibat virus Nipah dan Hendra,[10][11] demikian juga terhadap koronavirus, SARS,[12] dan infeksi 2019-nCoV.[13]

Referensi

  1. ^ Agostini ML, Andres EL, Sims AC, Graham RL, Sheahan TP, Lu X, et al. (March 2018). "Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease". mBio. 9 (2). doi:10.1128/mBio.00221-18. PMC 5844999 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 29511076. 
  2. ^ Preidt R (June 29, 2017). "Experimental Drug Shows Promise Against Dangerous Viruses: Medicine worked in lab tests against germs that cause SARS and MERS infections". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 July 2017. 
  3. ^ Cihlar T (20 October 2015). "Discovery and Development of GS-5734, a Novel Nucleotide Prodrug with Broad Spectrum Anti-Filovirus Activity". FANG-WHO Workshop, Fort Detrick, MD. Gilead Sciences. 
  4. ^ Warren T, Jordan R, Lo M, Soloveva V, Ray A, Bannister R, et al. (Fall 2015). "Nucleotide Prodrug GS-5734 Is a Broad-Spectrum Filovirus Inhibitor That Provides Complete Therapeutic Protection Against the Development of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Infected Non-human Primates". Open Forum Infect Dis. 2. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv130.02. 
  5. ^ Warren TK, Jordan R, Lo MK, Ray AS, Mackman RL, Soloveva V, et al. (March 2016). "Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys". Nature. 531 (7594): 381–5. Bibcode:2016Natur.531..381W. doi:10.1038/nature17180. PMC 5551389 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 26934220. 
  6. ^ Jacobs M, Rodger A, Bell DJ, Bhagani S, Cropley I, Filipe A, et al. (July 2016). "Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report". Lancet. 388 (10043): 498–503. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30386-5. PMC 4967715 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 27209148. 
  7. ^ "Ebola Treatment Trials Launched In Democratic Republic Of The Congo Amid Outbreak". NPR.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-05-28. 
  8. ^ McNeil, Jr., Donald G. (12 August 2019). "A Cure for Ebola? Two New Treatments Prove Highly Effective in Congo". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 13 August 2019. 
  9. ^ Molteni M (12 August 2019). "Ebola is Now Curable. Here's How The New Treatments Work". Wired. Diakses tanggal 13 August 2019. 
  10. ^ "Experimental Ebola drug 'remdesivir' may help protect against Nipah virus, say scientists". 3 June 2019. 
  11. ^ "Scientists Claim Drug Designed to Beat Ebola Also Fights Off Nipah". 2 June 2019. 
  12. ^ Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Graham RL, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Case JB, Leist SR, Pyrc K, Feng JY, Trantcheva I, Bannister R, Park Y, Babusis D, Clarke MO, Mackman RL, Spahn JE, Palmiotti CA, Siegel D, Ray AS, Cihlar T, Jordan R, Denison MR, Baric RS (June 2017). "Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses". Science Translational Medicine. 9 (396). doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653. PMC 5567817 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 28659436. 
  13. ^ "Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate Eyed for Human Trials by April". 22 January 2020. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2020. 
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