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Habasy al-Hasib atau lengkapnya Ahmad bin Abdullah Habasy al-Hasib Marwazi (766 - meninggal setelah 869 di Samarra, Irak^[1]) adalah seorang astronom,^[2] geografer, matematikawan dari Marw, Khorasan, Persia ^[3]^[4]^[5] yang untuk pertama kalinya menggambarkan rasio trigonometri: sinus, kosinus, tangen dan kotangen.

Dia berkembang serta mulai terkenal di Baghdad, dan meninggal dalam usia lebih dari seratus tahun. Dia bekerja di bawah kekhalifahan Abbasiyah al-Ma'mun dan al-Mu'tasim.

Karya-karyanya

Dia membuat pengamatan dari tahun 825 hingga 835, dan menyusun tiga tabel astronomi: yang pertama masih dengan cara Hindu, yang kedua, disebut tabel 'diuji', adalah yang paling penting, kemungkinan identik dengan tabel "Ma'munik" atau bahasa "Arab" dan mungkin merupakan karya kolektif bersama para astronom al-Ma'mun, dan yang ketiga, disebut tabel Shah, lebih kecil.

Berhubungan dengan gerhana matahari tahun 829, Habasy memberi contoh pertama dari penentuan waktu berdasarkan ketinggian (dalam hal ini, matahari), sebuah metode yang umumnya diadopsi oleh para astronom Muslim.

Pada 830, ia tampaknya telah memperkenalkan gagasan "bayangan", umbra (versa), setara dengan tangen dalam trigonometri, dan ia menyusun tabel bayangan itu yang tampaknya merupakan karya paling awal dari jenisnya. Dia juga memperkenalkan kotangen, dan juga membuat tabel yang pertama kali untuk jenis itu.^[6]^[7]

Kitab The Book of Bodies and Distances

Al-Hasib melakukan berbagai pengamatan di observatorium Al-Syamsiyah, Baghdad dan menghitung sejumlah angka-angka untuk mengukur jarak, diameter, keliling lingkaran, jari-jari, dan sebagainya dalam bidang geografi dan astronomi. Dia menyusun hasilnya dalam kitab bertajuk The Book of Bodies and Distances, berikut ini berapa hasilnya seperti yang tercantum di dalam kitab tersebut:^[8]

Bumi

Keliling lingkaran bumi: 20.160 mil (32.444 km)
Diameter bumi: 6.414.54 mil (10.323,201 km)
Jari-jari bumi: 3.207,275 mil (5.161,609 km)

Bulan

Diameter bulan: 1.886,8 mil (3.036,5 km)
Keliling lingkaran bulan: 5.927,025 mil (9.538,622 km)
Jari-jari jarak terdekat bulan: 215.208;9,9 (seksagesimal) mil
Setengah keliling lingkaran jarak terdekat bulan: 676.368;28,45,25,43 (seksagesimal) mil
Jari-jari jarak terjauh bulan: 205.800;8,45 (seksagesimal) mil
Diameter jarak terjauh bulan: 411.600,216 mil (662.406,338 km)
Keliling lingkaran jarak terjauh bulan: 1.293.600,916 mil (2.081.848,873 km)

Matahari

Diameter matahari: 35.280;1.30 mil (56.777,6966 km)
Keliling lingkaran matahari: 110.880;4.43 mil (178.444,189 km)
Diameter orbit matahari: 7.761.605,5 mil (12.491.093,2 km)
Keliling lingkaran orbit matahari: 24.392.571,38 mil (39.256.038 km)
Satu derajat sepanjang orbit matahari: 67.700,05 mil (108.952,67 km)
Satu menit sepanjang orbit matahari: 1.129,283 mil (1.817,405 km)

Catatan

^ Charette 2007.
^ Islamic Desk Reference, ed. E. J. Van Donzel, (Brill, 1994), 121.
^ General Cartography Diarsipkan 2017-12-09 di Wayback Machine. : "The Iranian geographers Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi set the Prime Meridian of their maps at Ujjain, a center of Indian astronomy"
^ [1] Diarsipkan 2019-03-30 di Wayback Machine. : "Additionally in the ninth century, the Persian mathematician and geographer, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, utilized the utilization circular trigonometry and guide projection strategies keeping in mind the end goal to change over polar directions to an alternate arrange framework fixated on a particular point on the circle, in this the Qibla, the course to Mecca. Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (973– 1048) later created thoughts which are viewed as a reckoning of the polar organize framework."
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-10-07. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-04.
^ "trigonometry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-12. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-21.
^ Jacques Sesiano, "Islamic mathematics", p. 157, in Selin, Helaine; D'Ambrosio, Ubiratàn, ed. (2000), Mathematics Across Cultures: The History of Non-western Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 1-4020-0260-2
^ Langermann, Y. Tzvi (1985), "The Book of Bodies and Distances of Habash al-Hasib", Centaurus, 28 (2): 108–128 [111], Bibcode:1985Cent...28..108T, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1985.tb00831.x

Referensi

Charette, François (2007). "Ḥabash al‐Ḥāsib: Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al‐Marwazī". Dalam Thomas Hockey; et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. hlm. 455–7. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (PDF version Diarsipkan 2023-01-28 di Wayback Machine.)

[FOOTNOTECharette2007-1] Charette 2007.

[2] Islamic Desk Reference, ed. E. J. Van Donzel, (Brill, 1994), 121.

[3] General Cartography Diarsipkan 2017-12-09 di Wayback Machine. : "The Iranian geographers Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi set the Prime Meridian of their maps at Ujjain, a center of Indian astronomy"

[4] [1] Diarsipkan 2019-03-30 di Wayback Machine. : "Additionally in the ninth century, the Persian mathematician and geographer, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, utilized the utilization circular trigonometry and guide projection strategies keeping in mind the end goal to change over polar directions to an alternate arrange framework fixated on a particular point on the circle, in this the Qibla, the course to Mecca. Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (973– 1048) later created thoughts which are viewed as a reckoning of the polar organize framework."

[5] "Archived copy" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-10-07. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-04.

[trigonometry-6] "trigonometry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-12. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-21.

[Sesiano-7] Jacques Sesiano, "Islamic mathematics", p. 157, in Selin, Helaine; D'Ambrosio, Ubiratàn, ed. (2000), Mathematics Across Cultures: The History of Non-western Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 1-4020-0260-2

[8] Langermann, Y. Tzvi (1985), "The Book of Bodies and Distances of Habash al-Hasib", Centaurus, 28 (2): 108–128 [111], Bibcode:1985Cent...28..108T, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1985.tb00831.x

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
-'''Habasy al-Hasib''' atau lengkapnya '''Ahmad bin Abdullah Habasy al-Hasib Marwazi''' (766 - meninggal setelah 869 di [[Samarra]], [[Irak]]{{sfn|Charette|2007}}) adalah seorang [[astronom]],<ref>''Islamic Desk Reference'', ed. E. J. Van Donzel, (Brill, 1994), 121.</ref> [[geografer]], [[matematikawan]] dari [[Marw]], [[Khorasan Raya|Khorasan]], [[Persia]] <ref>[http://www.eiilmuniversity.co.in/downloads/General_Cartography.pdf/ General Cartography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209210029/http://www.eiilmuniversity.co.in/downloads/General_Cartography.pdf |date=2017-12-09 }} : "The Iranian geographers Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi set the Prime Meridian of their maps at Ujjain, a center of Indian astronomy"</ref><ref>[https://www.coursehero.com/file/p173a472/Additionally-in-the-ninth-century-the-Persian-mathematician-and-geographer/] : "Additionally in the ninth century, the Persian mathematician and geographer, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, utilized the utilization circular trigonometry and guide projection strategies keeping in mind the end goal to change over polar directions to an alternate arrange framework fixated on a particular point on the circle, in this the Qibla, the course to Mecca. Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (973– 1048) later created thoughts which are viewed as a reckoning of the polar organize framework."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/private/cmje/heritage/History_of_Islamic_Science.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-09-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007200209/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/private/cmje/heritage/History_of_Islamic_Science.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-07 |df= }}</ref> yang untuk pertama kalinya menggambarkan rasio trigonometri: [[sinus]], [[kosinus]], [[garis singgung|tangen]] dan [[Fungsi trigonometrik|kotangen]].
+'''Habasy al-Hasib''' atau lengkapnya '''Ahmad bin Abdullah Habasy al-Hasib Marwazi''' (766 - meninggal setelah 869 di [[Samarra]], [[Irak]]{{sfn|Charette|2007}}) adalah seorang [[astronom]],<ref>''Islamic Desk Reference'', ed. E. J. Van Donzel, (Brill, 1994), 121.</ref> [[geografer]], [[matematikawan]] dari [[Marw]], [[Khorasan Raya|Khorasan]], [[Persia]] <ref>[http://www.eiilmuniversity.co.in/downloads/General_Cartography.pdf/ General Cartography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209210029/http://www.eiilmuniversity.co.in/downloads/General_Cartography.pdf |date=2017-12-09 }} : "The Iranian geographers Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi set the Prime Meridian of their maps at Ujjain, a center of Indian astronomy"</ref><ref>[https://www.coursehero.com/file/p173a472/Additionally-in-the-ninth-century-the-Persian-mathematician-and-geographer/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205242/https://www.coursehero.com/file/p173a472/Additionally-in-the-ninth-century-the-Persian-mathematician-and-geographer/ |date=2019-03-30 }} : "Additionally in the ninth century, the Persian mathematician and geographer, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, utilized the utilization circular trigonometry and guide projection strategies keeping in mind the end goal to change over polar directions to an alternate arrange framework fixated on a particular point on the circle, in this the Qibla, the course to Mecca. Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (973– 1048) later created thoughts which are viewed as a reckoning of the polar organize framework."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/private/cmje/heritage/History_of_Islamic_Science.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-09-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007200209/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/private/cmje/heritage/History_of_Islamic_Science.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-07 |df= }}</ref> yang untuk pertama kalinya menggambarkan rasio trigonometri: [[sinus]], [[kosinus]], [[garis singgung|tangen]] dan [[Fungsi trigonometrik|kotangen]].
 Dia berkembang serta mulai terkenal di [[Baghdad]], dan meninggal dalam usia lebih dari seratus tahun. Dia bekerja di bawah [[kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] [[al-Ma'mun]] dan [[al-Mu'tasim]].
@@ Baris 9: / Baris 9: @@
 Berhubungan dengan gerhana matahari tahun 829, Habasy memberi contoh pertama dari penentuan waktu berdasarkan ketinggian (dalam hal ini, matahari), sebuah metode yang umumnya diadopsi oleh para astronom Muslim.
-Pada 830, ia tampaknya telah memperkenalkan gagasan "bayangan", umbra (versa), setara dengan [[fungsi trigonometri|tangen]] dalam [[trigonometri]], dan ia menyusun tabel bayangan itu yang tampaknya merupakan karya paling awal dari jenisnya. Dia juga memperkenalkan [[Fungsi trigonometrik|kotangen]], dan juga membuat tabel yang pertama kali untuk jenis itu.<ref name=trigonometry>{{cite web|title=trigonometry|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605281/trigonometry|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2008-07-21}}</ref><ref name=Sesiano>Jacques Sesiano, "Islamic mathematics", p. 157, in {{citation|title=Mathematics Across Cultures: The History of Non-western Mathematics|editor1-first=Helaine|editor1-last=Selin|editor1-link=Helaine Selin|editor2-first=Ubiratàn|editor2-last=D'Ambrosio|editor2-link=Ubiratàn D'Ambrosio|year=2000|publisher=Springer|isbn=1-4020-0260-2|postscript=<!--none-->}}</ref>
+Pada 830, ia tampaknya telah memperkenalkan gagasan "bayangan", umbra (versa), setara dengan [[fungsi trigonometri|tangen]] dalam [[trigonometri]], dan ia menyusun tabel bayangan itu yang tampaknya merupakan karya paling awal dari jenisnya. Dia juga memperkenalkan [[Fungsi trigonometrik|kotangen]], dan juga membuat tabel yang pertama kali untuk jenis itu.<ref name=trigonometry>{{cite web|title=trigonometry|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605281/trigonometry|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2008-07-21|archive-date=2015-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512052345/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605281/trigonometry|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=Sesiano>Jacques Sesiano, "Islamic mathematics", p. 157, in {{citation|title=Mathematics Across Cultures: The History of Non-western Mathematics|editor1-first=Helaine|editor1-last=Selin|editor1-link=Helaine Selin|editor2-first=Ubiratàn|editor2-last=D'Ambrosio|editor2-link=Ubiratàn D'Ambrosio|year=2000|publisher=Springer|isbn=1-4020-0260-2|postscript=<!--none-->}}</ref>
 === Kitab The Book of Bodies and Distances ===
@@ Baris 40: / Baris 40: @@
 == Referensi ==
-* {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey| last = Charette | first = François | title=Ḥabash al‐Ḥāsib: Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al‐Marwazī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | date = 2007 | location = New York | pages = 455–7 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 | ref=harv|display-editors=etal}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.pdf PDF version])
+* {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey| last = Charette | first = François | title=Ḥabash al‐Ḥāsib: Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al‐Marwazī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | date = 2007 | location = New York | pages = 455–7 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 | ref=harv|display-editors=etal}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.pdf PDF version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128003105/https://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Habash_al-Hasib_BEA.pdf |date=2023-01-28 }})
 {{Matematika Islam}}