Sindrom Havana: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Sindrom Havana''' adalah sekumpulan gejala medis dengan penyebab yang tidak diketahui yang sebagian besar dialami di luar negeri oleh pejabat pemerintah dan personel militer Amerika Serikat. Gejalanya berkisar mulai dari telinga yang sakit dan [[tinitus|berdenging]] hingga kesulitan kognitif. Sindrom ini pertama kali dilaporkan pada tahun 2016 oleh staf kedutaan Amerika Serikat dan Kanada di Havana, Kuba.<ref name="pmid33341130"/><ref name="The Economist">{{cite news | title=Politics | newspaper=The Economist | url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2021/10/16/politics | access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref> |
'''Sindrom Havana''' adalah sekumpulan gejala medis dengan penyebab yang tidak diketahui yang sebagian besar dialami di luar negeri oleh pejabat pemerintah dan personel militer Amerika Serikat. Gejalanya berkisar mulai dari telinga yang sakit dan [[tinitus|berdenging]] hingga kesulitan kognitif. Sindrom ini pertama kali dilaporkan pada tahun 2016 oleh staf kedutaan Amerika Serikat dan Kanada di Havana, Kuba.<ref name="pmid33341130"/><ref name="The Economist">{{cite news | title=Politics | newspaper=The Economist | url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2021/10/16/politics | access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref> |
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[[Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]] menyebut sindrom ini adalah insiden kesehatan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/18/politics/mysterious-health-incidents-us-personnel-vienna/index.html|title=About two dozen reports of mysterious health incidents on US personnel in Vienna|last = Atwood | first = Kylie | publisher=CNN|date=July 19, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cnews-us-china-usa-illness-idCAKCN1J408E-OCATP|work=Reuters|date=June 7, 2018|title=U.S. expands China health alert amid illness reports}}</ref> sementara [[Direktur Badan Intelijen Pusat|Direktur]] [[Badan Intelijen Pusat]] [[William J. Burns]] secara terbuka menyebut sindrom ini adalah serangan.<ref name=HudsonHarris>John Hudson & Shane Harris, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/cia-havana-syndrome-vienna/2021/09/23/cbc3bbbc-1c7f-11ec-914a-99d701398e5a_story.html CIA station chief in Vienna recalled amid criticism of management and handling of mysterious 'Havana Syndrome' incidents], ''Washington Post'' (September 23, 2021).</ref> A 2019 [[Retrospective cohort study|retrospective]] [[neuroimaging]] study of 40 affected diplomats in Cuba published in the medical journal ''[[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]]'' found evidence that the diplomats had significant brain neuroimaging differences compared to healthy [[control group]] members, but it was not able to determine the cause of the observed differences and states that "the clinical importance of these differences is uncertain and may require further study".<ref name="JAMAJuly2019">{{cite journal|display-authors=3|author=Ragini Verma|author2=Randel L. Swanson|author3=Drew Parker|author4=Abdol Aziz Ould Ismail|author5=Russell T. Shinohara|author6=Jacob A. Alappatt|author7=Jimit Doshi|author8=Christos Davatzikos|author9=Michael Gallaway|author10=Diana Duda|author11=H. Isaac Chen|author12=Junghoon J. Kim|author13=Ruben C. Gur|author14=Ronald L. Wolf|author15=M. Sean Grady|author16=Stephen Hampton|author17=Ramon Diaz-Arrastia|author18=Douglas H. Smith|title=Neuroimaging Findings in US Government Personnel With Possible Exposure to Directional Phenomena in Havana, Cuba|journal=JAMA|date=2019|volume=322|issue=4|pages=336–347|doi=10.1001/jama.2019.9269|pmid=31334794|pmc=6652163}}</ref> |
[[Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]] menyebut sindrom ini adalah insiden kesehatan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/18/politics/mysterious-health-incidents-us-personnel-vienna/index.html|title=About two dozen reports of mysterious health incidents on US personnel in Vienna|last = Atwood | first = Kylie | publisher=CNN|date=July 19, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cnews-us-china-usa-illness-idCAKCN1J408E-OCATP|work=Reuters|date=June 7, 2018|title=U.S. expands China health alert amid illness reports}}</ref> sementara [[Direktur Badan Intelijen Pusat|Direktur]] [[Badan Intelijen Pusat]] [[William J. Burns]] secara terbuka menyebut sindrom ini adalah serangan.<ref name=HudsonHarris>John Hudson & Shane Harris, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/cia-havana-syndrome-vienna/2021/09/23/cbc3bbbc-1c7f-11ec-914a-99d701398e5a_story.html CIA station chief in Vienna recalled amid criticism of management and handling of mysterious 'Havana Syndrome' incidents], ''Washington Post'' (September 23, 2021).</ref> A 2019 [[Retrospective cohort study|retrospective]] [[neuroimaging]] study of 40 affected diplomats in Cuba published in the medical journal ''[[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]]'' found evidence that the diplomats had significant brain neuroimaging differences compared to healthy [[control group]] members, but it was not able to determine the cause of the observed differences and states that "the clinical importance of these differences is uncertain and may require further study".<ref name="JAMAJuly2019">{{cite journal|display-authors=3|author=Ragini Verma|author2=Randel L. Swanson|author3=Drew Parker|author4=Abdol Aziz Ould Ismail|author5=Russell T. Shinohara|author6=Jacob A. Alappatt|author7=Jimit Doshi|author8=Christos Davatzikos|author9=Michael Gallaway|author10=Diana Duda|author11=H. Isaac Chen|author12=Junghoon J. Kim|author13=Ruben C. Gur|author14=Ronald L. Wolf|author15=M. Sean Grady|author16=Stephen Hampton|author17=Ramon Diaz-Arrastia|author18=Douglas H. Smith|title=Neuroimaging Findings in US Government Personnel With Possible Exposure to Directional Phenomena in Havana, Cuba|journal=JAMA|date=2019|volume=322|issue=4|pages=336–347|doi=10.1001/jama.2019.9269|pmid=31334794|pmc=6652163}}</ref> |
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The [[U.S. Intelligence Community|U.S. intelligence services]] have not reached a consensus on or a formal determination of the cause of the Havana syndrome, though U.S. intelligence and government officials have expressed suspicions to the press that [[GRU|Russian military intelligence]] is responsible.<ref name=Myre>Greg Myre, [https://www.npr.org/2021/09/24/1040422112/cia-recalls-vienna-station-chief-in-move-related-to-handling-of-havana-syndrome CIA Recalls Vienna Station Chief In Move Related to Handling of 'Havana Syndrome'], NPR (September 24, 2021).</ref><ref name="politicounit"/><ref name=Entous>{{Cite web|author=Adam Entous|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/31/are-us-officials-under-silent-attack|title=Are U.S. Officials Under Silent Attack?|newspaper=New Yorker|date=May 31, 2021|quote=Top officials in both the Trump and the Biden Administrations privately suspect that Russia is responsible for the Havana Syndrome. Their working hypothesis is that agents of the G.R.U., the Russian military's intelligence service, have been aiming microwave-radiation devices at U.S. officials to collect intelligence from their computers and cell phones, and that these devices can cause serious harm to the people they target.}}</ref> |
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==Referensi== |
==Referensi== |
Revisi per 2 April 2024 03.46
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Havana Syndrome | |
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The Hotel Nacional in Havana is one of the locations where the syndrome has reportedly been experienced.[1] | |
Informasi umum | |
Penyebab | Not definitively determined[2][3][4][5][6] |
Aspek klinis | |
Gejala dan tanda | hearing a sudden loud noise, pain in one or both ears, feeling of pressure or vibrations in the head, tinnitus, visual problems, vertigo, nausea, cognitive difficulties,[7] fatigue and dizziness.[8] |
Sindrom Havana adalah sekumpulan gejala medis dengan penyebab yang tidak diketahui yang sebagian besar dialami di luar negeri oleh pejabat pemerintah dan personel militer Amerika Serikat. Gejalanya berkisar mulai dari telinga yang sakit dan berdenging hingga kesulitan kognitif. Sindrom ini pertama kali dilaporkan pada tahun 2016 oleh staf kedutaan Amerika Serikat dan Kanada di Havana, Kuba.[7][8]
Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat menyebut sindrom ini adalah insiden kesehatan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan,[9][10] sementara Direktur Badan Intelijen Pusat William J. Burns secara terbuka menyebut sindrom ini adalah serangan.[11] A 2019 retrospective neuroimaging study of 40 affected diplomats in Cuba published in the medical journal JAMA found evidence that the diplomats had significant brain neuroimaging differences compared to healthy control group members, but it was not able to determine the cause of the observed differences and states that "the clinical importance of these differences is uncertain and may require further study".[12]
Referensi
- ^ "Cuba Travel Advisory". Travel.state.gov. Department of State. January 10, 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 30, 2018. Diakses tanggal June 22, 2018.
- ^ "'Havana syndrome' likely caused by directed microwaves - US report". BBC News. December 6, 2020.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
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- ^ a b Nelson R (December 2021). "Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses". Lancet. 396 (10267): 1954. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2. PMID 33341130 Periksa nilai
|pmid=
(bantuan). - ^ a b "Politics". The Economist. Diakses tanggal October 15, 2021.
- ^ Atwood, Kylie (July 19, 2021). "About two dozen reports of mysterious health incidents on US personnel in Vienna". CNN.
- ^ "U.S. expands China health alert amid illness reports". Reuters. June 7, 2018.
- ^ John Hudson & Shane Harris, CIA station chief in Vienna recalled amid criticism of management and handling of mysterious 'Havana Syndrome' incidents, Washington Post (September 23, 2021).
- ^ Ragini Verma; Randel L. Swanson; Drew Parker; et al. (2019). "Neuroimaging Findings in US Government Personnel With Possible Exposure to Directional Phenomena in Havana, Cuba". JAMA. 322 (4): 336–347. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9269. PMC 6652163
. PMID 31334794.