Ekonomi eksperimental: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 8 Juli 2023 01.54

Ekonomi eksperimental adalah penerapan metode eksperimental^[1] untuk mempelajari pertanyaan ekonomi. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam eksperimen digunakan untuk memperkirakan ukuran efek, menguji validitas teori ekonomi, dan menjelaskan mekanisme pasar. Eksperimen ekonomi biasanya menggunakan uang tunai untuk memotivasi subjek, untuk meniru insentif dunia nyata. Eksperimen digunakan untuk membantu memahami bagaimana dan mengapa pasar dan sistem pertukaran lainnya berfungsi sebagaimana adanya. Ilmu ekonomi eksperimental juga berkembang untuk memahami institusi dan hukum (experimental law and economics).^[2]

Aspek mendasar dari subjek adalah desain eksperimen. Eksperimen dapat dilakukan di lapangan atau di laboratorium, baik perilaku individu maupun kelompok.^[3]

Variasi subjek di luar batasan formal tersebut mencakup eksperimen alami dan kuasi-alami.^[4]

Topik eksperimen

Seseorang dapat secara longgar mengklasifikasikan eksperimen ekonomi menggunakan topik-topik berikut:

Pasar
Permainan^[5]^[6]
Teori permainan evolusioner
Pengambilan keputusan
Tawar-menawar
Kontrak
Lelang
Koordinasi
Preferensi Sosial
Pembelajaran
Pencocokan
Eksperimen Lapangan

Dalam pendidikan ekonomi, salah satu aplikasi melibatkan eksperimen yang digunakan dalam pengajaran ekonomi. Pendekatan alternatif dengan dimensi eksperimental adalah pemodelan komputasi berbasis agen. Penting untuk mempertimbangkan potensi dan kendala permainan untuk memahami perilaku rasional dan menyelesaikan konflik manusia.^[7]

Referensi

^ Including statistical, econometric, and computational. On the latter see Alvin E. Roth, 2002. "The Economist as Engineer: Game Theory, Experimentation, and Computation as Tools for Design Economics," Econometrica, 70(4), pp. 1341–1378 Diarsipkan 2004-04-14 di Wayback Machine..
^ See, e.g., Grechenig, K., Nicklisch, A., & Thöni, C. (2010). Punishment despite reasonable doubt—a public goods experiment with sanctions under uncertainty. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 7(4), 847–867 (link).
^ • Vernon L. Smith, 2008a. "experimental methods in economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, Abstract.
• _____, 2008b. "experimental economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
• Relevant subcategories are found at the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes at JEL: C9.
^ J. DiNardo, 2008. "natural experiments and quasi-natural experiments," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
^ • Vernon L. Smith, 1992. "Game Theory and Experimental Economics: Beginnings and Early Influences," in E. R. Weintraub, ed., Towards a History of Game Theory, pp. 241– 282.
   • _____, 2001. "Experimental Economics," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 5100–5108. Abstract per sect. 1.1 & 2.1.
   • Charles R. Plott and Vernon L. Smith, ed., 2008. Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, v. 1, Elsevier, Part 4, Games, ch. 45–66 preview links.
   • Vincent P. Crawford, 1997. "Theory and Experiment in the Analysis of Strategic Interaction," in Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, pp. 206–242. Cambridge. Reprinted in Colin F. Camerer et al., ed. (2003). Advances in Behavioral Economics, Princeton. 1986–2003 papers. Description, contents, and preview., Princeton, ch. 12.
^ Martin Shubik, 2002. "Game Theory and Experimental Gaming," in Robert Aumann and Sergiu Hart, ed., Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, Elsevier, v. 3, pp. 2327–2351. Abstract.
^ Rapoport, A. (1962). The use and misuse of game theory. Scientific American, 207(6), 108–119. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24936389

[1] Including statistical, econometric, and computational. On the latter see Alvin E. Roth, 2002. "The Economist as Engineer: Game Theory, Experimentation, and Computation as Tools for Design Economics," Econometrica, 70(4), pp. 1341–1378 Diarsipkan 2004-04-14 di Wayback Machine..

[2] See, e.g., Grechenig, K., Nicklisch, A., & Thöni, C. (2010). Punishment despite reasonable doubt—a public goods experiment with sanctions under uncertainty. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 7(4), 847–867 (link).

[3] • Vernon L. Smith, 2008a. "experimental methods in economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, Abstract.
• _____, 2008b. "experimental economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
• Relevant subcategories are found at the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes at JEL: C9.

[4] J. DiNardo, 2008. "natural experiments and quasi-natural experiments," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.

[5] • Vernon L. Smith, 1992. "Game Theory and Experimental Economics: Beginnings and Early Influences," in E. R. Weintraub, ed., Towards a History of Game Theory, pp. 241– 282.
• _____, 2001. "Experimental Economics," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 5100–5108. Abstract per sect. 1.1 & 2.1.
• Charles R. Plott and Vernon L. Smith, ed., 2008. Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, v. 1, Elsevier, Part 4, Games, ch. 45–66 preview links.
• Vincent P. Crawford, 1997. "Theory and Experiment in the Analysis of Strategic Interaction," in Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, pp. 206–242. Cambridge. Reprinted in Colin F. Camerer et al., ed. (2003). Advances in Behavioral Economics, Princeton. 1986–2003 papers. Description, contents, and preview., Princeton, ch. 12.

[6] Martin Shubik, 2002. "Game Theory and Experimental Gaming," in Robert Aumann and Sergiu Hart, ed., Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, Elsevier, v. 3, pp. 2327–2351. Abstract.

[7] Rapoport, A. (1962). The use and misuse of game theory. Scientific American, 207(6), 108–119. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24936389

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 == Referensi ==
 {{Reflist}}
+[[Kategori:Eksperimen ilmu sosial]]
+[[Kategori:Metode matematis dan kuantitatif (ekonomi)]]