Cemal Azmi: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Cemal Azmi (1868 – 17 April 1922), juga dieja Jemal Azmi, adalah seorang politikus Utsmaniyah dan gubernur Vilayet Trebizond (sekarang Trabzon) selama Perang Dunia I dan tahun-tahun terakhir Kesultanan Utsmaniyah.<ref name=bartov>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnpPf_AxWEgC&q=In+God%27s+name+%3A+genocide+and+religion+in+the+twentieth+century|last1=Bartov|first1=Omer|last2=Mack|first2=Phyllis|title=In God's Name: Genocide and religion in the twentieth century|year=2001|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781571812148}}</ref> Dia adalah salah satu pelaku genosida Armenia dan terutama bertanggung jawab atas likuidasi orang-orang Armenia di Vilayet Trebizond.<ref name=Kevorkian>{{cite book|last=Kévorkian|first=Raymond H.|title=The Armenian Genocide: A complete history|year=2010|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781848855618|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JY4RifQksFMC|quote=Azmi was to be one of the main architects of the liquidation of his vilayet's Armenian population.}}</ref> Ia dikenal sebagai "tukang jagal Trebizond".<ref>{{cite book|first=Huberta|last=von Voss|title=Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the contemporary world|year=2007|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781845452575|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3vbswx_1TEC&pg=PA296|edition=1st English|access-date=15 February 2013|page=296|quote=Avengers Arshavir Shirakian (1900-73) and Aram Yerkanian (1898-1934) executed Cemal Azmi, who, as the former governor general of Trebzon was the "butcher" of the province.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Derogy|first=Jacques|title=Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian assassination of Turkish leaders responsible for the 1915 massacres and deportations|year=1990|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412833165|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpL9QKCJ2L8C|access-date=15 February 2013|page=74|quote=Oriental carpet shop that was opened in the town center by the butcher of Trebizond, Jemal Azmi.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Armenian Review|year=1990|volume=42|page=44|title=Jemal Azmi known as "the Butcher of Trabzon," was assassinated on 14 April 1922.}}</ref><ref name=saygi1>{{cite web|title=Suçluya Saygi: Mehmet Cemal Azmi Bey|url=http://www.aga-online.org/worship/cemal-azmi.php?locale=tr|publisher=Soykirima Karsi Uluslarasi Analyis Dernegi|language=Turkish|quote=Ermeni çocuklarına uyguladığı vahşet nedeniyle "Trabzon Celladı" diye de anılmaktadır. [Translation from Turkish: Due to the violence he performed against Armenian children, he became known as the "butcher of Trabzon".]}}</ref><ref name=Gerard>{{cite book|first=Gérard|last=Chaliand|title=The History of Terrorism from Antiquity to al Qaeda|year=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.]|isbn=9780520247093|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmpfgNqmVXYC|edition=[Nachdr.]|page=195|quote=One of the organizers of the genocide, and Jemal Azmi, "the butcher of Trebizond."}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Suny|first1=Ronald Grigor|title="They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide|date=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1400865581|page=334|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zBtBgAAQBAJ}}</ref> |
'''Cemal Azmi''' (1868 – 17 April 1922), juga dieja '''Jemal Azmi''', adalah seorang politikus [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah|Utsmaniyah]] dan gubernur [[Vilayet Trabzon|Vilayet Trebizond]] (sekarang Trabzon) selama [[Perang Dunia I]] dan tahun-tahun terakhir Kesultanan Utsmaniyah.<ref name=bartov>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnpPf_AxWEgC&q=In+God%27s+name+%3A+genocide+and+religion+in+the+twentieth+century|last1=Bartov|first1=Omer|last2=Mack|first2=Phyllis|title=In God's Name: Genocide and religion in the twentieth century|year=2001|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781571812148}}</ref> Dia adalah salah satu pelaku [[genosida Armenia]] dan terutama bertanggung jawab atas likuidasi [[Orang Armenia|orang-orang Armenia]] di Vilayet Trebizond.<ref name=Kevorkian>{{cite book|last=Kévorkian|first=Raymond H.|title=The Armenian Genocide: A complete history|year=2010|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781848855618|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JY4RifQksFMC|quote=Azmi was to be one of the main architects of the liquidation of his vilayet's Armenian population.}}</ref> Ia dikenal sebagai "tukang jagal Trebizond".<ref>{{cite book|first=Huberta|last=von Voss|title=Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the contemporary world|year=2007|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781845452575|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3vbswx_1TEC&pg=PA296|edition=1st English|access-date=15 February 2013|page=296|quote=Avengers Arshavir Shirakian (1900-73) and Aram Yerkanian (1898-1934) executed Cemal Azmi, who, as the former governor general of Trebzon was the "butcher" of the province.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Derogy|first=Jacques|title=Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian assassination of Turkish leaders responsible for the 1915 massacres and deportations|year=1990|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412833165|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpL9QKCJ2L8C|access-date=15 February 2013|page=74|quote=Oriental carpet shop that was opened in the town center by the butcher of Trebizond, Jemal Azmi.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Armenian Review|year=1990|volume=42|page=44|title=Jemal Azmi known as "the Butcher of Trabzon," was assassinated on 14 April 1922.}}</ref><ref name=saygi1>{{cite web|title=Suçluya Saygi: Mehmet Cemal Azmi Bey|url=http://www.aga-online.org/worship/cemal-azmi.php?locale=tr|publisher=Soykirima Karsi Uluslarasi Analyis Dernegi|language=Turkish|quote=Ermeni çocuklarına uyguladığı vahşet nedeniyle "Trabzon Celladı" diye de anılmaktadır. [Translation from Turkish: Due to the violence he performed against Armenian children, he became known as the "butcher of Trabzon".]}}</ref><ref name=Gerard>{{cite book|first=Gérard|last=Chaliand|title=The History of Terrorism from Antiquity to al Qaeda|year=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.]|isbn=9780520247093|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmpfgNqmVXYC|edition=[Nachdr.]|page=195|quote=One of the organizers of the genocide, and Jemal Azmi, "the butcher of Trebizond."}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Suny|first1=Ronald Grigor|title="They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide|date=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1400865581|page=334|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zBtBgAAQBAJ}}</ref> |
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== Kehidupan awal == |
== Kehidupan awal == |
Revisi per 25 November 2023 12.35
Cemal Azmi | |
---|---|
Lahir | 1868 Arapgir, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |
Meninggal | 17 April 1922 (umur 53/54) Berlin, Republik Weimar |
Sebab meninggal | Dibunuh oleh penembak |
Makam | Pemakaman Neukölln |
Kebangsaan | Utsmaniyah |
Dikenal atas | Gubernur Vilayet Trebizond dan pelaku genosida Armenia |
Orang tua | Osman Nuri Bey dan Gülsüm Azmi |
Cemal Azmi (1868 – 17 April 1922), juga dieja Jemal Azmi, adalah seorang politikus Utsmaniyah dan gubernur Vilayet Trebizond (sekarang Trabzon) selama Perang Dunia I dan tahun-tahun terakhir Kesultanan Utsmaniyah.[1] Dia adalah salah satu pelaku genosida Armenia dan terutama bertanggung jawab atas likuidasi orang-orang Armenia di Vilayet Trebizond.[2] Ia dikenal sebagai "tukang jagal Trebizond".[3][4][5][6][7][8]
Kehidupan awal
Cemal Azmi lahir di Arapgir, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah, pada tahun 1868.[9][10] Ayahnya, Osman Nuri Bey, adalah seorang agen kepemilikan dan nama ibunya adalah Gülsüm. Pada tahun 1891 dia belajar di Mulkiye Mektep.[10]
Pembunuhan
Sebagai bagian dari Operasi Nemesis atas perannya dalam Genosida Armenia,[7][11] Aram Yerganian dan Arshavir Shirakian kemudian diberi tugas untuk membunuh Azmi dan Bahattin Şakir yang berada di Berlin. Pada tanggal 17 April 1922, Shirakian dan Yerganian bertemu Azmi dan Şakir yang sedang berjalan bersama keluarga mereka di Uhlandstrasse.[11] Shirakian hanya berhasil membunuh Azmi dan melukai Şakir. Yerganian segera berlari mengejar Şakir dan membunuhnya dengan tembakan di kepala.[12]
Pada tahun 2003 sebuah sekolah dasar di Trabzon dinamai untuk menghormati Cemal Azmi.[13]
Referensi
- ^ Bartov, Omer; Mack, Phyllis (2001). In God's Name: Genocide and religion in the twentieth century. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781571812148.
- ^ Kévorkian, Raymond H. (2010). The Armenian Genocide: A complete history. London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781848855618.
Azmi was to be one of the main architects of the liquidation of his vilayet's Armenian population.
- ^ von Voss, Huberta (2007). Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the contemporary world (edisi ke-1st English). New York: Berghahn Books. hlm. 296. ISBN 9781845452575. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2013.
Avengers Arshavir Shirakian (1900-73) and Aram Yerkanian (1898-1934) executed Cemal Azmi, who, as the former governor general of Trebzon was the "butcher" of the province.
- ^ Derogy, Jacques (1990). Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian assassination of Turkish leaders responsible for the 1915 massacres and deportations. Transaction Publishers. hlm. 74. ISBN 9781412833165. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2013.
Oriental carpet shop that was opened in the town center by the butcher of Trebizond, Jemal Azmi.
- ^ "Jemal Azmi known as "the Butcher of Trabzon," was assassinated on 14 April 1922". The Armenian Review. 42: 44. 1990.
- ^ "Suçluya Saygi: Mehmet Cemal Azmi Bey" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Soykirima Karsi Uluslarasi Analyis Dernegi.
Ermeni çocuklarına uyguladığı vahşet nedeniyle "Trabzon Celladı" diye de anılmaktadır. [Translation from Turkish: Due to the violence he performed against Armenian children, he became known as the "butcher of Trabzon".]
- ^ a b Chaliand, Gérard (2010). The History of Terrorism from Antiquity to al Qaeda (edisi ke-[Nachdr.]). Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.]: University of California Press. hlm. 195. ISBN 9780520247093.
One of the organizers of the genocide, and Jemal Azmi, "the butcher of Trebizond."
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015). "They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide. Princeton University Press. hlm. 334. ISBN 978-1400865581.
- ^ "Suçluya saygi: Mehmet Cemal Azmi Bey" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Soykirima Karsi Uluslarasi Analyis Dernegi. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2013.
- ^ a b "Cemal Azmi Bey Kimdir?" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Cemal Azmi Bey İlköğretim Okulu. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2013.
- ^ a b "Two 'Young Turks' Murdered in Berlin" (PDF). The New York Times. April 19, 1922. Diakses tanggal 25 May 2013.
- ^ Berberyan, Nazaret (April 13, 2010). ՏԱՐԵԴԱՐՁՆԵՐ- Արշաւիր Շիրակեան Հայ ժողովուրդի Արդարահատոյց Բազուկը. Asbarez (dalam bahasa Armenian). Diakses tanggal 25 May 2013.
- ^ "OKULUMUZUN TARİHÇESİ" (dalam bahasa Turkish). Kuzguncuk Cemal Azmi Bey İlköğretim Okulu. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2013.