Sunshine Coast, Queensland

Sunshine Coast Queensland
Maroochydore – Pusat Usaha, Perdagangan, dan Eceran di Sunshine Coast
Jumlah penduduk	251.081 (2010) (10)
• Kepadatan	543/km2 (1.410/sq mi)
Luas	462,4 km2 (178,5 sq mi)
Letak	100 km (62 mi) dari Brisbane
Daerah pemilihan negara bagian	Buderim, Caloundra, Glass House, Kawana, Maroochydore, Nicklin, Noosa
Divisi Federal	Fairfax, Fisher, Wide Bay

Sunshine Coast adalah sebuah kawasan perkotaan di Queensland bagian tenggara, sebelah utara pusat pemerintahan Brisbane, di pantai yang menghadap ke Samudera Pasifik. Meskipun kawasan ini tidak memiliki distrik bisnis pusat, menurut jumlah penduduknya kawasan ini menempati peringkat ke-10 metropolis terbesar di Australia dan terbesar ke-3 di Queensland.

Sejarah

Pegunungan Rumah Kaca, terletak di barat-daya Caloundra, pertama dilihat oleh James Cook dari geladak HMS Endeavour pada tahun 1770.

Pada dasawarsa 1820-an, Sunshine Coast melihat penduduk berkulit putih pertamanya: tiga orang buangan (Finnegan, Pamphlet, dan Parsons) yang berbagi kehidupan bersama penduduk lokal (Kabi Kabi) selama delapan bulan. Setelah itu, pada dasawarsa 1830-an sampai 1840-an, distrik ini menjadi rumah bagi sejumlah narapidana yang melarikan diri, tidak jauh di utara koloni pidana Teluk Moreton (Brisbane).

Pada tahun 1841, Gubernur Gibbs mendapati seluruh Sunshine Coast dan pedalaman dari Gunung Beerwah di utara Eumundi, mengumumkan 'Cagar Alam Bunya Bunya' untuk melindungi pohon bunya, atas saran Andrew Petrie mengingat pentingnya pohon bunya bagi penduduk asli. Tetapi, pada dasawarsa 1840-an dan 1850-an, Cagar Alam Bunya Bunya dan daerah sekitarnya menjadi tempat bagi beberapa pertempuran paling getir dalam Black War Australia.' Blackall Ranges, demi Festival tiga-tahunan Bunya, berperan sebagai persembunyian dan reli poin bagi serangan melawan pendudukan kulit putih. Pada dasawarsa 1850-an, pembalak kayu dan peternak mengeksploitasi kawasan ini dan pada tahun 1860, Cagar status Alam Bunya Bunya dihapuskan.

Ada banyak kota kecil di Sunshine Coast bermula sebagai pelabuhan atau dermaga sederhana bagi industri balak kayu pada dasawarsa 1860-an dan 1870-an, sebagai kawasan yang pernah menjadi hutan lebat. Demikian pula, jalan-jalan di daerah ini sebagian besarnya bermula sebagai jalur penyeretan balak kayu. Para penebang kayu menggunakan kali, sungai, dan danau di kawasan ini sebagai terusan ke laut untuk mengambangkan balak-balak kayu mereka – kayu yang telah diolah dikapalkan sampai ke Eropa.

Dengan datangnya Gympie Gold Rush, para prospektor menyelidiki pegunungan Sunshine Coast untuk membangun jalan yang lebih mudah menuju dan dari tambang emas Gympie. Setelah pembangunan rel kereta menuju Gympie, transportasi kota-kota di pinggiran sungai dan pantai, yang sebagian besarnya menjadi pelabuhan untuk perdagangan di sungai, telah dipermudah.

Pada dasawarsa 1890-an, pertanian kecil yang beraneka ragam (buah dan susu) menggantikan ekonomi ternak-dan-kayu pada dasawarsa-dasawarsa sebelumnya. Tebu dan nanas terbukti menjadi produk andalan bagi distrik ini. Ada banyak kampung (hamlet) dan kota kecil kini bertumbuhkembang. Produksi pada mulanya memanfaatkan kinerja kuda ke Landsborough, kemudian ke Eudlo pada tahun 1891

Terkhusus seteleh Perang Dunia II, Sunshine Coast berkembang menjadi tujuan wisata selancar dan hari libur pada umumnya. Kecenderungan ini membesar lebih lanjut pada masa ledakan pembangunan pada dasawarsa 1960-an dan 1970-an. Pada periode yang sama, berbagai macam taman tema dan taman wisata dibangun – yang paling menjadi ikon adalah 'Big Pineapple' Woombye. Pada dasawarsa 1960-an dan 1970-an, Sunshine Coast juga berhasil menggiring orang-orang kepada gaya hidup alternatif. Para pendatang ini mengembangkan industri-industri kerajinan, koperasi, dan pusat-pusat spiritual, khususnya di pedalaman.

Setelah dasawarsa 1980-an, Sunshine Coast mengalami pertambahan penduduk yang cepat. Kini Sunshine Coast menjadi kawasan perkotaan yang paling cepat berkembang di Australia. Karena penduduk daerah semakin membanyak, sebagian besar ladang kecil – khususnya ladang buah tropis – berubah fungsi. Sebagai gantinya, bisnis yang berkenaan dengan eceran, tata boga, dan pariwisata menjadi semakin penting.

Bisnis

Map of Sunshine coast

The Sunshine Coast economy is currently dominated by three main sectors – tourism, retail and construction. The region also has a strong agricultural sector. Strong efforts are being made to diversify the regional economy by the Sunshine Coast Regional Council and others with an emphasis on 'clean and green' knowledge-based businesses across sectors such as information and communication technologies, cleantech, creative industries, aviation, education and food and beverages.

The Sunshine Coast is also emerging as a hotspot for entrepreneurial and innovative businesses. This has been partly fuelled by a new wave of around 80 start-up businesses – mainly in ICT, cleantech and creative industry sectors – generated by the University of the Sunshine Coast's Innovation Centre. The University site at Sippy Downs is designated as a 'Knowledge Hub' as part of the Queensland Government's South East Queensland Regional Infrastructure Plan and is master planned as Australia's first university town based on the UK models with the potential for over 6,000 workers in knowledge based businesses. Sippy Downs was highlighted as an 'Innovation Hotspot' in July 2010 by top European Business magazine CNBC Business with the potential to be 'Australia's no-worries-answer to Silicon Valley'.

Tata kota

There are many localities within the Sunshine Coast region, including the former Local Government Areas of Maroochy Shire, the Noosa Shire and the City of Caloundra. List of Locations Sunshine Coast

Coolum Beach, looking south

Pantai

Several stretches of the Sunshine Coast are lined with unbroken beaches – from Sunshine Beach near Noosa to Coolum Beach (17 km (11 mi)); the coast from Point Arkwright to Mudjimba (11 km (6,8 mi)); the Maroochydore–Mooloolaba stretch (56 km (35 mi)); and from Buddina past the Caloundra CBD to Pelican Waters (22 km (14 mi)). Notable beaches include:

• Noosa Main Beach
• Coolum
• Maroochydore
• Alexandra Headland
• Mooloolaba (the spit)
• Kawana Waters.
• Kings Beach in Caloundra

Pariwisata

The Sunshine Coast is a centre for tourism, containing attractions such as Steve Irwin's Australia Zoo, UnderWater World marine park, Aussie World with the Ettamogah Pub, The Buderim Ginger Factory, The Big Pineapple and the Majestic Theatre at Pomona.

Coolum Beach, looking north

Taman nasional

The Sunshine Coast region is home to more individual national parks than any other region in Queensland. The natural biodiversity of the area has been protected by five separate parks in both coastal and inland regions, including Mapleton Falls National Park, Kondalilla National Park, The Glasshouse Mountains National Park, Noosa National Park, and the Great Sandy National Park, which includes sections on Fraser Island and in Cooloola near Rainbow Beach.

Lapangan golf

The Sunshine Coast has numerous golf links, including Headland Golf Club (Buderim), Pelican Waters, Pacific Harbour, Noosa Springs, Peregian Springs, Twin Waters, Hyatt Regency Coolum, Mount Coolum, Beerwah, Cooroy, Caloundra and Horton Park.

Infrastruktur

Pendidikan

The Sunshine Coast's educational infrastructure includes:

• Universities – The major university campus is the University of the Sunshine Coast at Sippy Downs, with Central Queensland University having a small campus based in Noosa.
• TAFE – There are five campuses at Caloundra, Mooloolaba, Maroochydore, Nambour & Noosa.
• Schools – The Sunshine Coast has many varied denomination, private and public primary and secondary schools.

Kesehatan

Nambour Hospital is the region's major hospital and attended to over 35,000 cases in 2005. There are smaller hospitals located in Caloundra and Maleny, but due to limited facilities at those hospitals, most cases are referred to Nambour Hospital, thus leading to overcrowding and under-staffing at Nambour Hospital.

A number of private hospitals exist throughout the region, most notably the 'Sunshine Coast Private Hospital' at Buderim, Caloundra Private Hospital (formerly known as Andrea Ahern) at Caloundra, Selangor Hospital at Nambour, the recently established Kawana Private Hospital, and smaller facilities at Noosa.

Queensland Ex Health Minister Paul Lucas initially proposed for a new public hospital to be constructed in the area of Kawana, to be called the Sunshine Coast University Hospital, by 2014. However, the projected completion date has now been extended to 2016.

Transportasi

Jalan

The car is the predominant mode of transport for Sunshine Coast residents, with the region connected to Brisbane via the Bruce Highway. The Nicklin Way & Sunshine Motorway are the major arterial roads, which pass through most major areas of the Sunshine Coast. Many intercity and interstate coach operators also operate daily bus services to Brisbane using the major corridors.

Transportasi umum

Sunbus services all the major centres on the Coast

Plane

Flights from the Sunshine Coast depart from Sunshine Coast Airport, which is located 10 km north of Maroochydore, and fly direct to Sydney and Melbourne with Jetstar, Virgin Australia and Tiger Airways.

Rail

Queensland Rail Citytrain's Nambour and Gympie North railway line operate numerous interurban services daily, with most trains running express between Caboolture and Bowen Hills stations. The train lines run through the Sunshine Coast Hinterland, with buses connecting to the coastal strip. Further north of the Nambour station, the trains only run once or twice per day.

Bus

Bus services are operated by Sunbus, which operates under the TransLink public transport system. These buses connect the suburbs and localities within the Caloundra, Maroochydore and Noosa local government areas. Noosa Shire Council operates zero-fare bus services connecting Noosa Heads to surrounding suburbs and major park and ride stations during the peak summer holiday period.

Ferry

There is a public ferry that operates between Tewantin, Noosaville, Noosa Waters, Northside and Noosa Heads.

Media

The daily, local newspaper is Sunshine Coast Daily which is published by APN News & Media. Other local/community owned newspapers cover the suburbs of the coast.

Sunshine Coast is served by publicly owned television services (ABC TV), (SBS) Television and three commercial television stations (Seven Queensland, WIN Television and Southern Cross Ten), which are the regional affiliates of the Seven, Nine and Ten network stations in Brisbane. The Sunshine Coast is also in the television broadcast licence areas of Brisbane (metro), enabling most areas of the Sunshine Coast to receive the commercial Brisbane stations. Subscription television services Foxtel and Austar are also available.

The Sunshine Coast region is served by commercial, community and government radio stations. Commercial stations 91.9 Sea FM and 92.7 Mix FM are owned and operated by the Macquarie Southern Cross Media Network. Rival commercial operator Prime Television runs 91.1 Hot FM and Zinc96. Government owned ABC services the region with 90.3 ABC Coast FM and Triple J on 89.5 FM and ABC Classic FM on 88.7 FM. Many community access stations, as well as some Brisbane stations can also be received.

Pranala luar

• Sunshine Coast Tourism – Official Website
• Sunshine Coast Tourism Board – Includes information on how to reach the Coast.