Lompat ke isi

Edmund Husserl: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
EmausBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
580.081 suntingan
k Bot: Migrasi 50 pranala interwiki, karena telah disediakan oleh Wikidata pada item d:Q58586
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
4.157.822 suntingan
k minor cosmetic change
Baris 2: Baris 2:
<sup></sup>
<sup></sup>
{{Infobox philosopher
{{Infobox philosopher
| region = Western Philosophy
|region = Western Philosophy
| era = [[20th-century philosophy]]
|era = [[20th-century philosophy]]
| color = #B0C4DE
|color = #B0C4DE
| image = Edmund Husserl 1900.jpg
|image = Edmund Husserl 1900.jpg
| caption = Edmund Husserl
|caption = Edmund Husserl
| name = Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl
|name = Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl
| birth_date = April 8, 1859, [[Prostějov|Proßnitz]], [[Moravia]], [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] (today [[Prostějov]], [[Czech Republic]])
|birth_date = April 8, 1859, [[Prostějov|Proßnitz]], [[Moravia]], [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] (today [[Prostějov]], [[Czech Republic]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|04|28|1859|04|8}} [[Freiburg]], [[German Reich|Germany]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|04|28|1859|04|8}} [[Freiburg]], [[German Reich|Germany]]
| school_tradition = [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]
|school_tradition = [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]
| main_interests = [[Epistemology]], [[Mathematics]]
|main_interests = [[Epistemology]], [[Mathematics]]
| influences = [[Franz Brentano]], [[Carl Stumpf]], [[Karl Weierstrass]], [[Gottlob Frege]], [[Bernard Bolzano]], [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[René Descartes]], [[Saint Augustine]], [[Immanuel Kant]], [[David Hume]], [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], [[Plato]]
|influences = [[Franz Brentano]], [[Carl Stumpf]], [[Karl Weierstrass]], [[Gottlob Frege]], [[Bernard Bolzano]], [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[René Descartes]], [[Saint Augustine]], [[Immanuel Kant]], [[David Hume]], [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], [[Plato]]
| influenced = [[Max Scheler]], [[Martin Heidegger]], [[Adolf Reinach]], [[Eugène Minkowski]], [[Edith Stein]] (St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), [[Emmanuel Levinas]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Albert Camus]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]], [[Roman Ingarden]], [[Dietrich von Hildebrand]], [[Hannah Arendt]], [[Alfred Schütz]], [[Paul Ricœur]], [[Kurt Gödel]], [[John Paul II]], [[Rudolf Carnap]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Leszek Kołakowski]], [[José Ortega y Gasset]], [[Milan Kundera]], [[Eugen Fink]], [[Alexandre Koyré]], [[Millán-Puelles]], [[Hans Blumenberg]], [[Bernard Stiegler]], [[Ludwig Landgrebe]], [[Marvin Farber]], [[Jan Patočka]], [[Jean-Luc Marion]] [[Olavo de Carvalho]], [[Dallas Willard]], [[Jan Patočka]], [[Francisco Varela]], [[Theodor Adorno]], [[Ludwig von Mises]].
|influenced = [[Max Scheler]], [[Martin Heidegger]], [[Adolf Reinach]], [[Eugène Minkowski]], [[Edith Stein]] (St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), [[Emmanuel Levinas]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Albert Camus]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]], [[Roman Ingarden]], [[Dietrich von Hildebrand]], [[Hannah Arendt]], [[Alfred Schütz]], [[Paul Ricœur]], [[Kurt Gödel]], [[John Paul II]], [[Rudolf Carnap]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Leszek Kołakowski]], [[José Ortega y Gasset]], [[Milan Kundera]], [[Eugen Fink]], [[Alexandre Koyré]], [[Millán-Puelles]], [[Hans Blumenberg]], [[Bernard Stiegler]], [[Ludwig Landgrebe]], [[Marvin Farber]], [[Jan Patočka]], [[Jean-Luc Marion]] [[Olavo de Carvalho]], [[Dallas Willard]], [[Jan Patočka]], [[Francisco Varela]], [[Theodor Adorno]], [[Ludwig von Mises]].
| notable_ideas = [[Epoché]], Natural Standpoint, [[Noema]], [[Noesis]], [[Eidetic Reduction]], [[Retention and protention]], [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]
|notable_ideas = [[Epoché]], Natural Standpoint, [[Noema]], [[Noesis]], [[Eidetic Reduction]], [[Retention and protention]], [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]
}}
}}
'''Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl''' ({{lahirmati|[[Prostějov]] (''[[Prossnitz]]''), [[Moravia]], [[Ceko]]|8|4|1859|[[Freiburg]], [[Jerman]]|26|4|1938}}) adalah seorang [[filsuf]] [[Jerman]], yang dikenal sebagai bapak [[fenomenologi]]. Karyanya meninggalkan orientasi yang murni [[positivis]] dalam sains dan filsafat pada masanya, dan mengutamakan pengalaman [[subyektivitas|subyektif]] sebagai sumber dari semua pengetahuan kita tentang fenomena obyektif.
'''Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl''' ({{lahirmati|[[Prostějov]] (''[[Prossnitz]]''), [[Moravia]], [[Ceko]]|8|4|1859|[[Freiburg]], [[Jerman]]|26|4|1938}}) adalah seorang [[filsuf]] [[Jerman]], yang dikenal sebagai bapak [[fenomenologi]]. Karyanya meninggalkan orientasi yang murni [[positivis]] dalam sains dan filsafat pada masanya, dan mengutamakan pengalaman [[subyektivitas|subyektif]] sebagai sumber dari semua pengetahuan kita tentang fenomena obyektif.
Baris 27: Baris 27:
In [[1884]], he began to attend [[Franz Brentano]]'s lectures on [[psychology]] and [[philosophy]] at the University of Vienna. Brentano so impressed Husserl that he decided to dedicate his life to philosophy. In [[1886]] Husserl went to the [[University of Halle]] to obtain his [[habilitation]] with [[Carl Stumpf]], a former student of Brentano. Under his supervision he wrote ''Über den Begriff der Zahl'' (On the concept of Number; [[1887]]) which would serve later as the base for his first major work, ''[[Philosophy of Arithmetic|Philosophie der Arithmetik]]'' ([[1891]]).
In [[1884]], he began to attend [[Franz Brentano]]'s lectures on [[psychology]] and [[philosophy]] at the University of Vienna. Brentano so impressed Husserl that he decided to dedicate his life to philosophy. In [[1886]] Husserl went to the [[University of Halle]] to obtain his [[habilitation]] with [[Carl Stumpf]], a former student of Brentano. Under his supervision he wrote ''Über den Begriff der Zahl'' (On the concept of Number; [[1887]]) which would serve later as the base for his first major work, ''[[Philosophy of Arithmetic|Philosophie der Arithmetik]]'' ([[1891]]).


In these first works he tries to combine mathematics, psychology and philosophy with a main goal to provide a sound foundation for mathematics. He analyzes the psychological process needed to obtain the concept of number and then tries to build up a systematical theory on this analysis. To achieve this he uses several methods and concepts taken from his teachers. From Weierstrass he derives the idea that we generate the concept of number by counting a certain collection of objects. From Brentano and Stumpf he takes over the distinction between ''proper'' and ''improper'' presenting. In an example Husserl explains this in the following way: if you are standing in front of a house, you have a proper, direct presentation of that house, but if you are looking for it and ask for directions, then these directions (e.g. the house on the corner of this and that street) are an indirect, improper presentation. In other words, you can have a proper presentation of an object if it is actually present, and an improper (or symbolic as he also calls it) if you only can indicate that object through signs, symbols, etc. Husserl's 1901 ''[[Edmund Husserl/Logical Investigations|Logical Investigations]]'' is considered the starting point for the formal theory of wholes and their parts known as [[mereology]] <ref>{{citation| first=Peter | last=Simons | author-link=Peter Simons (professor) | title=Parts: A Study in Ontology | publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>.
In these first works he tries to combine mathematics, psychology and philosophy with a main goal to provide a sound foundation for mathematics. He analyzes the psychological process needed to obtain the concept of number and then tries to build up a systematical theory on this analysis. To achieve this he uses several methods and concepts taken from his teachers. From Weierstrass he derives the idea that we generate the concept of number by counting a certain collection of objects. From Brentano and Stumpf he takes over the distinction between ''proper'' and ''improper'' presenting. In an example Husserl explains this in the following way: if you are standing in front of a house, you have a proper, direct presentation of that house, but if you are looking for it and ask for directions, then these directions (e.g. the house on the corner of this and that street) are an indirect, improper presentation. In other words, you can have a proper presentation of an object if it is actually present, and an improper (or symbolic as he also calls it) if you only can indicate that object through signs, symbols, etc. Husserl's 1901 ''[[Edmund Husserl/Logical Investigations|Logical Investigations]]'' is considered the starting point for the formal theory of wholes and their parts known as [[mereology]] <ref>{{citation|first=Peter |last=Simons |author-link=Peter Simons (professor) |title=Parts: A Study in Ontology |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>.


Another important element that Husserl took over from Brentano is [[intentionality]], the notion that the main characteristic of [[consciousness]] is that it is always [[Intentionality|intentional]]. While often simplistically summarised as "aboutness" or the relationship between mental acts and the external world, Brentano defined it as the main characteristic of ''mental phenomena'', by which they could be distinguished from ''physical phenomena''. Every mental phenomenon, every psychological act has a content, is directed at an object (the ''[[intentional object]]''). Every belief, desire etc. has an object that they are about: the believed, the wanted. Brentano used the expression "intentional inexistence" to indicate the status of the objects of thought in the mind. The property of being intentional, of having an intentional object, was the key feature to distinguish mental phenomena and physical phenomena, because physical phenomena lack intentionality altogether.
Another important element that Husserl took over from Brentano is [[intentionality]], the notion that the main characteristic of [[consciousness]] is that it is always [[Intentionality|intentional]]. While often simplistically summarised as "aboutness" or the relationship between mental acts and the external world, Brentano defined it as the main characteristic of ''mental phenomena'', by which they could be distinguished from ''physical phenomena''. Every mental phenomenon, every psychological act has a content, is directed at an object (the ''[[intentional object]]''). Every belief, desire etc. has an object that they are about: the believed, the wanted. Brentano used the expression "intentional inexistence" to indicate the status of the objects of thought in the mind. The property of being intentional, of having an intentional object, was the key feature to distinguish mental phenomena and physical phenomena, because physical phenomena lack intentionality altogether.
Baris 103: Baris 103:
[[Rudolf Carnap]] was also influenced by Husserl, not only concerning Husserl's notion of essential insight that Carnap used in his ''Der Raum'', but also his notion of "formation rules" and "transformation rules" is founded on Husserl's philosophy of logic.
[[Rudolf Carnap]] was also influenced by Husserl, not only concerning Husserl's notion of essential insight that Carnap used in his ''Der Raum'', but also his notion of "formation rules" and "transformation rules" is founded on Husserl's philosophy of logic.


[[Max Scheler]] met Husserl in Halle and found in his phenomenology a methodological breakthrough for his own philosophical endeavors. Even though Scheler later criticised Husserl's idealistic logical approach and proposed instead a "phenomenology of love", he states that he remained "deeply indebted" to Husserl throughout his work. Husserl also had some influence on Pope [[John-Paul II]], which appears strongly in a work by the latter, ''The Acting Person'', or ''Person and Act''. It was originally published in polish in 1969 under his pre-papal name Karol Wojtyla and combined phenomenological work with [[Thomas Aquinas|Thomistic]] Ethics.<ref>{{citation | last=Wojtyla | first=Karol | author-link=Pope John Paul II | title=The Acting Person: A Contribution to Phenomenological Anthropology | publisher=Springer | year=2002 | isbn=90-277-0985-8 }}</ref>
[[Max Scheler]] met Husserl in Halle and found in his phenomenology a methodological breakthrough for his own philosophical endeavors. Even though Scheler later criticised Husserl's idealistic logical approach and proposed instead a "phenomenology of love", he states that he remained "deeply indebted" to Husserl throughout his work. Husserl also had some influence on Pope [[John-Paul II]], which appears strongly in a work by the latter, ''The Acting Person'', or ''Person and Act''. It was originally published in polish in 1969 under his pre-papal name Karol Wojtyla and combined phenomenological work with [[Thomas Aquinas|Thomistic]] Ethics.<ref>{{citation |last=Wojtyla |first=Karol |author-link=Pope John Paul II |title=The Acting Person: A Contribution to Phenomenological Anthropology |publisher=Springer |year=2002 |isbn=90-277-0985-8 }}</ref>


[[Wilfrid Sellars]], an influential figure in the so-called "Pittsburgh school" ([[Robert Brandom]], [[John McDowell]]) had been a student of [[Marvin Farber]], a pupil of Husserl, and was influenced by phenomenology through him:
[[Wilfrid Sellars]], an influential figure in the so-called "Pittsburgh school" ([[Robert Brandom]], [[John McDowell]]) had been a student of [[Marvin Farber]], a pupil of Husserl, and was influenced by phenomenology through him:


{{quote|Marvin Farber led me through my first careful reading of the Critique of Pure Reason and introduced me to Husserl. His combination of utter respect for the structure of Husserl's thought with the equally firm conviction that this structure could be given a naturalistic interpretation was undoubtedly a key influence on my own subsequent philosophical strategy.<ref>{{citation | last=Sellars | first=Wilfrid | author-link=Wilfrid Sellars | contribution=Autobiographical Reflections | contribution-url=http://www.ditext.com/sellars/ar.html | editor=Hector-Neri Castañeda | title=Action, Knowledge, and Reality: Critical Studies in Honor of Wilfrid Sellars | publication-date=1975 | place=Indianapolis | publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company }}</ref>}}
{{quote|Marvin Farber led me through my first careful reading of the Critique of Pure Reason and introduced me to Husserl. His combination of utter respect for the structure of Husserl's thought with the equally firm conviction that this structure could be given a naturalistic interpretation was undoubtedly a key influence on my own subsequent philosophical strategy.<ref>{{citation |last=Sellars |first=Wilfrid |author-link=Wilfrid Sellars |contribution=Autobiographical Reflections |contribution-url=http://www.ditext.com/sellars/ar.html |editor=Hector-Neri Castañeda |title=Action, Knowledge, and Reality: Critical Studies in Honor of Wilfrid Sellars |publication-date=1975 |place=Indianapolis |publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company }}</ref>}}


Husserl's formal analysis of language also inspired [[Stanisław Leśniewski]] and [[Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz]] in the development of [[categorial grammar]].<ref> Cf. {{citation | last=Smith | first=Barry | author-link=Barry Smith (ontologist) | title=On the Origins of Analytic Philosophy | journal=Grazer Philosophische Studien | volume=34 | year=1989 | pages=153–173 | url=http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/dummett.pdf }}</ref> -->
Husserl's formal analysis of language also inspired [[Stanisław Leśniewski]] and [[Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz]] in the development of [[categorial grammar]].<ref> Cf. {{citation |last=Smith |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Smith (ontologist) |title=On the Origins of Analytic Philosophy |journal=Grazer Philosophische Studien |volume=34 |year=1989 |pages=153–173 |url=http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/dummett.pdf }}</ref> -->


== Bibliografi ==
== Bibliografi ==
=== Karya-karya Husserl ===
=== Karya-karya Husserl ===

* 1887. ''Über den Begriff der Zahl. Psychologische Analysen''.
* 1887. ''Über den Begriff der Zahl. Psychologische Analysen''.
* 1891. ''Philosophie der Arithmetik. Psychologische und logische Untersuchungen''. [1970, Philosophy of Arithmetic]
* 1891. ''Philosophie der Arithmetik. Psychologische und logische Untersuchungen''. [1970, Philosophy of Arithmetic]
Baris 130: Baris 131:


=== Karya-karya tentang Husserl ===
=== Karya-karya tentang Husserl ===

* Derrida, Jacques, 1976 (Inggris). ''Undecidables and old names: Derrida's deconstruction and Introduction to Husserl's'' The Origin of Geometry.
* Derrida, Jacques, 1976 (Inggris). ''Undecidables and old names: Derrida's deconstruction and Introduction to Husserl's'' The Origin of Geometry.
* Derrida, Jacques, 1967 (Perancis), 1973 (Inggris). ''Speech and Phenomena (La Voix et le Phénomène), and other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs''. ISBN 0-8101-0397-4
* Derrida, Jacques, 1967 (Perancis), 1973 (Inggris). ''Speech and Phenomena (La Voix et le Phénomène), and other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs''. ISBN 0-8101-0397-4
Baris 136: Baris 138:
| year = 1998
| year = 1998
| title = {{lang|es|''The First Moderns''}}
| title = {{lang|es|''The First Moderns''}}
| publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]]
|publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]]
| location = Chicago
| location = Chicago
| id = ISBN 0-226-22480-5
| id = ISBN 0-226-22480-5
Baris 153: Baris 155:


== Lihat pula ==
== Lihat pula ==

* [[Fenomenologi]]
* [[Fenomenologi]]


Baris 160: Baris 163:
== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
=== Arsip Husserl ===
=== Arsip Husserl ===

* [http://www.hiw.kuleuven.ac.be/hiw/eng/husserl/ Husserl-Archives Leuven] Arsip utama Husserl di [[Leuven]], Pusat Internasional untuk Penelitian Fenomenologi
* [http://www.hiw.kuleuven.ac.be/hiw/eng/husserl/ Husserl-Archives Leuven] Arsip utama Husserl di [[Leuven]], Pusat Internasional untuk Penelitian Fenomenologi
** [http://www.hiw.kuleuven.be/hiw/eng/husserl/Husserliana.php Husserliana: Edmund Husserl Gesammelte Werke] Edisi kritis yang berlangsung terus untuk karya-karya Husserl
** [http://www.hiw.kuleuven.be/hiw/eng/husserl/Husserliana.php Husserliana: Edmund Husserl Gesammelte Werke] Edisi kritis yang berlangsung terus untuk karya-karya Husserl
Baris 171: Baris 175:


=== Halaman tentang Husserl ===
=== Halaman tentang Husserl ===

* [http://www.husserlpage.com/ www.husserlpage.com] "Aim: To provide easy access to those net resources pertaining to the life and work of the 20th century philosopher, Edmund Husserl."
* [http://www.husserlpage.com/ www.husserlpage.com] "Aim: To provide easy access to those net resources pertaining to the life and work of the 20th century philosopher, Edmund Husserl."
* [http://www.husserl.net Husserl.net] Open Content Project on Husserl.
* [http://www.husserl.net Husserl.net] Open Content Project on Husserl.

Revisi per 4 Februari 2016 17.16

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl
Edmund Husserl
LahirApril 8, 1859, Proßnitz, Moravia, Austria (today Prostějov, Czech Republic)
Meninggal28 April 1938(1938-04-28) (umur 79) Freiburg, Germany
Era20th-century philosophy
KawasanWestern Philosophy
AliranPhenomenology
Minat utama
Epistemology, Mathematics
Gagasan penting
Epoché, Natural Standpoint, Noema, Noesis, Eidetic Reduction, Retention and protention, Phenomenology
Dipengaruhi
Memengaruhi

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (8 April 1859 – 26 April 1938) adalah seorang filsuf Jerman, yang dikenal sebagai bapak fenomenologi. Karyanya meninggalkan orientasi yang murni positivis dalam sains dan filsafat pada masanya, dan mengutamakan pengalaman subyektif sebagai sumber dari semua pengetahuan kita tentang fenomena obyektif.

Husserl dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga Yahudi di Prostějov (Proßnitz), Moravia, Ceko (yang saat itu merupakan bagian dari Kekaisaran Austria). Husserl adalah murid Franz Brentano dan Carl Stumpf; karya filsafatnya memengaruhi, antara lain, Edith Stein (St. Teresa Benedicta dari Salib), Eugen Fink, Max Scheler, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Emmanuel Lévinas, Rudolf Carnap, Hermann Weyl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, dan Roman Ingarden. Pada 1887 Husserl berpindah agama menjadi Kristen dan bergabung dengan Gereja Lutheran. Ia mengajar filsafat di Halle sebagai seorang tutor (Privatdozent) dari 1887, lalu di Göttingen sebagai profesor dari 1901, dan di Freiburg im Breisgau dari 1916 hingga ia pensiun pada 1928. Setelah itu, ia melanjutkan penelitiannay dan menulis dengan menggunakan perpustakaan di Freiburg, hingga kemudian dilarang menggunakannya - karena ia keturunan Yahudi - yang saat itu dipimpin oleh rektor, dan sebagian karena pengaruh dari bekas muridnya, yang juga anak emasnya, Martin Heidegger.


Bibliografi

Karya-karya Husserl

  • 1887. Über den Begriff der Zahl. Psychologische Analysen.
  • 1891. Philosophie der Arithmetik. Psychologische und logische Untersuchungen. [1970, Philosophy of Arithmetic]
  • 1900. Logische Untersuchungen. Erste Teil: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik. [1970, Logical Investigations. Vol 1]
  • 1901. Logische Untersuchungen. Zweite Teil: Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis. [1970, Logical Investigations. Vol 2]
  • 1911. Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft. [1965, included in "Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy: Philosophy as Rigorous Science and Philosophy and the Crisis of European Man"]
  • 1913. Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie. Erstes Buch: Allgemeine Einführung in die reine Phänomenologie. [1931, Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology]
  • 1923-24. Erste Philosophie. Zweiter Teil: Theorie der phänomenologischen Reduktion. [1959, First Philosophy, Vol 2: Phenomenological Reductions]
  • 1925. Erste Philosophie. Erste Teil: Kritische Ideengeschichte. [1956, First Philosophy Vol 1: Critical History of Ideas]
  • 1928. Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins.
  • 1929. Formale und transzendentale Logik. Versuch einer Kritik der logischen Vernunft. [1969, Formal and Transcendental Logic]
  • 1931. Méditations cartésiennes. [1960, Cartesian Meditations]
  • 1936. Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzentale Phänomenologie: Eine Einleitung in die phänomenologische Philosophie. [1970, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy]
  • 1939. Erfahrung und Urteil. Untersuchungen zur Genealogie der Logik. [1973, Experience and Judgment]
  • 1952. Ideen II: Phänomenologische Untersuchungen zur Konstitution.
  • 1952. Ideen III: Die Phänomenologie und die Fundamente der Wissenschaften.

Karya-karya tentang Husserl

  • Derrida, Jacques, 1976 (Inggris). Undecidables and old names: Derrida's deconstruction and Introduction to Husserl's The Origin of Geometry.
  • Derrida, Jacques, 1967 (Perancis), 1973 (Inggris). Speech and Phenomena (La Voix et le Phénomène), and other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs. ISBN 0-8101-0397-4
  • Everdell, William R. (1998). The First Moderns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-22480-5. 
  • Hill, C. O., 1991. Word and Object in Husserl, Frege, and Russell: The Roots of Twentieth-Century Philosophy. Ohio Uni. Press.
  • Hill, C. O., and Rosado Haddock, G. E., 2000. Husserl or Frege? Meaning, Objectivity, and Mathematics. Open Court, 2000.
  • Mohanty, J. N. Edmund Husserl's Theory of Meaning. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1982.
  • Mohanty, J. N. Husserl and Frege. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1982.
  • Mohanty, J. N. "Husserl and Frege: A New Look at Their Relationship." Research in Phenomenology. 4. 1974: 51-62.
  • Natanson, Maurice,1973. Edmund Husserl: Philosopher of Infinite Tasks. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0-8101-0425-3
  • Rollinger, R. D., 1999. Husserl’s Position in the School of Brentano Phaenomenologica 150. Kluwer. ISBN 0-7923-5684-5
  • Schuhmann, K., 1977. Husserl – Chronik (Denk- und Lebensweg Edmund Husserls). Number I in Husserliana Dokumente. Martinus Nijhoff. ISBN 90-247-1972-0
  • Simons, Peter, 1987. Parts: A Study in Ontology. Oxford Uni. Press.
  • Smith, B. and Woodruff Smith, D., eds., 1995. The Cambridge Companion to Husserl. Cambridge Uni. Press. ISBN 0-521-43616-8
  • Tieszen, Richard, Mathematics, in David Smith and Barry Smith, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Husserl (Cambridge University Press, circa 2005).

Lihat pula

Rujukan lain

Pranala luar

Arsip Husserl

Halaman tentang Husserl

Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Husserl&oldid=10826812"