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'''Yigael Yadin''' ({{lang-he-n|יִגָּאֵל יָדִין}}, terlahir '''Yigael Sukenik''' ({{lang-he|יגאל סוקניק}}; {{lahirmati|Yerusalem|20|3|1917|Yerusalem|28|6|1984}}) adalah seorang [[Yahudi]] [[Israel]] yang merupakan [[arkeolog]], politikus, [[:en:Ramatkal|Chief of Staff]] kedua dari [[Israel Defense Forces]].
'''Yigael Yadin''' ({{lang-he-n|יִגָּאֵל יָדִין}}, terlahir '''Yigael Sukenik''' ({{lang-he|יגאל סוקניק}}; {{lahirmati|Yerusalem|20|3|1917|Yerusalem|28|6|1984}}) adalah seorang [[Yahudi]] [[Israel]] yang merupakan [[arkeolog]], politikus, [[:en:Ramatkal|Chief of Staff]] kedua dari [[Israel Defense Forces]].
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==Biography==


==Biografi==
===Early life and military career===
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[[File:Israeli delegation to the 1949 Armistice Agreements talks.jpg|thumb|250px|The Israeli delegation to the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]] talks. Left to right: Commanders [[Yehoshafat Harkabi]], Aryeh Simon, Yigael Yadin, and [[Yitzhak Rabin]] (1949)]]
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[[File:Eduard G Robinson - Yigal Yadin.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] Chief of Staff Yigael Yadin presenting a decoration to actor [[Edward G. Robinson]] (1950)]]
Yadin was born in 1917 to noted archeologist [[Eleazar Sukenik]] and educationalist and women's rights activist Hasya Feinsod Sukenik.<ref>http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sukenik-feinsod-hasya</ref> He joined the [[Haganah]] at age 15, and served there in a variety of different capacities. In 1946, however, he left the Haganah following an argument with its commander [[Yitzhak Sadeh]] over the inclusion of a [[machine gun]] as part of standard squad equipment.


=== Masa muda dan karier militer ===
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[[File:Israeli delegation to the 1949 Armistice Agreements talks.jpg|thumb|250px|Delegasi Israel pada perundingan [[1949 Armistice Agreements]]. Kiri ke kanan: Komandan [[Yehoshafat Harkabi]], Aryeh Simon, Yigael Yadin, and [[Yitzhak Rabin]] (1949)]]
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[[File:Eduard G Robinson - Yigal Yadin.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] Chief of Staff Yigael Yadin presenting a decoration to actor [[Edward G. Robinson]] (1950)]]
Yadin lahir pada tahun 1917. Ayahnya adalah arkeolog terkenal [[Eleazar Sukenik]] dan ibunya adalah educationalis dan aktivis hak perempuan Hasya Feinsod Sukenik.<ref>http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sukenik-feinsod-hasya</ref> Ia bergabung ke [[Haganah]] pada usia 15 tahun, dan bekerja di sana dalam berbagai kapasitas. Pada tahun 1946 ia meninggalkan Haganah setelah bertikai dengan komandannya [[Yitzhak Sadeh]] mengenai penggunaan suatu [[machine gun]] sebagai bagian perlengkapan tentara standar.
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He was a university student when, in 1948, shortly before the State of Israel declared its independence, he was called back to active service by [[David Ben-Gurion]]. He was Head of Operations during Israel's [[1948 Arab-Israeli War|War of Independence]], and was responsible for many of the key decisions made during the course of that war. In June 1948 he threatened to resign during the [[The Generals' Revolt|Generals' Revolt]] during which he accused Ben-Gurion of attempting "to transform the army as a whole into an army of one political party ([[Mapai]])".<ref>Peri, Yoram (1983) ''Between battles and ballots. Israeli military in politics''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24414-5. Page 55.</ref>
He was a university student when, in 1948, shortly before the State of Israel declared its independence, he was called back to active service by [[David Ben-Gurion]]. He was Head of Operations during Israel's [[1948 Arab-Israeli War|War of Independence]], and was responsible for many of the key decisions made during the course of that war. In June 1948 he threatened to resign during the [[The Generals' Revolt|Generals' Revolt]] during which he accused Ben-Gurion of attempting "to transform the army as a whole into an army of one political party ([[Mapai]])".<ref>Peri, Yoram (1983) ''Between battles and ballots. Israeli military in politics''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24414-5. Page 55.</ref>


Yadin was appointed Chief of Staff of the IDF on 9 November 1949, following the resignation of [[Yaakov Dori]], and served in that capacity for three years. He resigned on 7 December 1952, over disagreements with then prime minister and defense minister [[David Ben-Gurion]] about cuts to the military budget, which he argued should be at least one third of the national budget.<ref>Peri. Page 193.</ref> By age thirty-five, he had completed his military career.
Yadin was appointed Chief of Staff of the IDF on 9 November 1949, following the resignation of [[Yaakov Dori]], and served in that capacity for three years. He resigned on 7 December 1952, over disagreements with then prime minister and defense minister [[David Ben-Gurion]] about cuts to the military budget, which he argued should be at least one third of the national budget.<ref>Peri. Page 193.</ref> By age thirty-five, he had completed his military career.
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===Arkeologi===
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Setelah meninggalkan militer, ia memfokuskan diri pada penelitian dan memulai karya hidupnya dalam bidang arkeologi. Pada tahun 1956 ia menerima [[Israel Prize]] dalam [[Jewish studies]],<ref name=prize>{{cite web| title = Israel Prize Official Site – Recipients in 1956 (in Hebrew)| url = http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashyag/Tashkab_Tashyag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashtaz}}</ref> untuk tesis doktoral dalam penerjemahan [[Naskah Laut Mati]]. Sebagai arkeolog, ia mengekskavasi sejumlah tempat paling penting di daerah itu, termasuk gua-gua [[Qumran]], [[Masada]], [[Tel Hazor|Hazor]], and [[Megido|Tel Megiddo]].<!-- He considered the Solomonic Gate at Tel [[Gezer]] to be the highpoint of his career. He was sometimes forced to deal with the theft of important artifacts, occasionally by prominent political and military figures. In one instance, where the thefts were commonly attributed to the famous one-eyed general [[Moshe Dayan]], he remarked: "I know who did it, and I am not going to say who it is, but if I catch him, I'll poke out his other eye, too."


===Archaeology===
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Upon leaving the military, he devoted himself to research and began his life's work in archeology. In 1956 he received the [[Israel Prize]] in [[Jewish studies]],<ref name=prize>{{cite web| title = Israel Prize Official Site – Recipients in 1956 (in Hebrew)| url = http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashyag/Tashkab_Tashyag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashtaz}}</ref> for his doctoral thesis on the translation of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]]. As an archeologist, he excavated some of the most important sites in the region, including the [[Qumran]] [[The Qumran Caves|Caves]], [[Masada]], [[Tel Hazor|Hazor]], and [[Megiddo (place)|Tel Megiddo]]. He considered the Solomonic Gate at Tel [[Gezer]] to be the highpoint of his career. He was sometimes forced to deal with the theft of important artifacts, occasionally by prominent political and military figures. In one instance, where the thefts were commonly attributed to the famous one-eyed general [[Moshe Dayan]], he remarked: "I know who did it, and I am not going to say who it is, but if I catch him, I'll poke out his other eye, too."

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Agranatcom.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The [[Agranat Commission]]; Left to right: Yigael Yadin, [[Moshe Landoi]], [[Shimon Agranat]], [[Yitzchak Nebenzahl]], and [[Chaim Laskov]] (1973)]] -->
Even as an archeologist, Yadin never completely abandoned public life. On the eve of the [[Six-Day War]], he served as a military adviser to prime minister [[Levi Eshkol]], and following the [[Yom Kippur War]], he was a member of the [[Agranat Commission]] that investigated the actions that led to the war.
Even as an archeologist, Yadin never completely abandoned public life. On the eve of the [[Six-Day War]], he served as a military adviser to prime minister [[Levi Eshkol]], and following the [[Yom Kippur War]], he was a member of the [[Agranat Commission]] that investigated the actions that led to the war.


===Political career===
=== Karier Politik ===
{{Infobox member of the Knesset
{{Infobox member of the Knesset
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| ministeryears1 = 1977–1981
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In 1976 Yadin formed the [[Democratic Movement for Change]], commonly known by its Hebrew acronym ''Dash'', together with Professor [[Amnon Rubinstein]], [[Shmuel Tamir]], [[Meir Amit]], [[Meir Zorea]], and many other prominent public figures. The new party seemed to be an ideal solution for many Israelis who were fed up with alleged corruption in the Labor [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (the dominant party in Israel from its founding and up to that time), which included the [[Yadlin affair]], the suicide of Housing Minister [[Avraham Ofer]], and [[Leah Rabin]]'s [[Dollar Account affair|illegal dollar-denominated account]] in the United States. Furthermore, Dash was a response to the increasing sense of frustration and despair in the aftermath of the 1973 war, and the social and political developments that followed in its wake. Many people regarded Yadin, a warrior and a scholar, as the quintessential prototype of the ideal Israeli, untainted by corruption, who could lead the country on a new path.
Pada tahun 1976 Yadin membentuk [[Democratic Movement for Change]], umumnya dikenal dengan akronim bahasa Ibrani ''Dash'', bersama-sama Profesor [[Amnon Rubinstein]], [[Shmuel Tamir]], [[Meir Amit]], [[Meir Zorea]], dan banyak tokoh masyarakat terkenal. Partai baru ini nampaknya merupakan pemecahan ideal bagi banyak orang Israel yang jenuh dengan dugaan korupsi pada Labor [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]] (partai yang dominan di Israel sejak pendirian negara sampai saat itu), termasuk [[Yadlin affair]], kematian bunuh diri Housing Minister [[Avraham Ofer]], dan akun ilegal dalam uang dolar milik [[Leah Rabin]] di [[Amerika Serikat]].<!-- Furthermore, Dash was a response to the increasing sense of frustration and despair in the aftermath of the 1973 war, and the social and political developments that followed in its wake.--> Banyak orang menganggap Yadin, seorang pejuang dan sarjana, sebagai model ideal orang Israel yang tidak ternoda korupsi, yang dapat memimpin negara ke jalur baru.
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In the [[Israeli legislative election, 1977|1977 elections]], which transformed the Israeli political landscape, the new party did remarkably well for its first attempt to enter the [[Knesset]], winning 15 of the 120 seats. As a result of the election, [[Likud]] party leader [[Menachem Begin]] was initially able to form a coalition without Dash (or parties to its left), significantly lowering the bargaining power of Dash. Dash joined the coalition after a few months. As the new [[Deputy leaders of Israel#Deputy Prime Minister|Deputy Prime Minister]], Yadin played a pivotal role in many events that took place, particularly the contacts with [[Egypt]], which eventually led to the signing of the [[Camp David Accords]] and the peace treaty between Israel and its neighbor.-->Dash ternyata adalah suatu kegagalan dan partai itu pecah menjadi beberapa faksi kecil: Yadin bergabung dengan [[:en:Democratic Movement (Israel)|Democratic Movement]], tapi inipun pecah dan ia menjadi MK independent sampai akhir jabatannya. Dalam suatu pertemuan kabinet, Mei 1981, ketika masih menjabat sebagai Deputy Prime Minister, ia menuduh Chief of Staff [[Rafael Eitan]] "berbohong kepada pemerintah" dan berkata kepada Perdana Menteri Begin "Engkau telah kehilangan kontrol atas lembaga pertahanan."<ref>Peri. Page 267.</ref> Ia pensiun dari politik pada tahun 1981.


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In the [[Israeli legislative election, 1977|1977 elections]], which transformed the Israeli political landscape, the new party did remarkably well for its first attempt to enter the [[Knesset]], winning 15 of the 120 seats. As a result of the election, [[Likud]] party leader [[Menachem Begin]] was initially able to form a coalition without Dash (or parties to its left), significantly lowering the bargaining power of Dash. Dash joined the coalition after a few months. As the new [[Deputy leaders of Israel#Deputy Prime Minister|Deputy Prime Minister]], Yadin played a pivotal role in many events that took place, particularly the contacts with [[Egypt]], which eventually led to the signing of the [[Camp David Accords]] and the peace treaty between Israel and its neighbor. Nevertheless, Dash itself proved to be a failure, and the party broke up into numerous splinter factions; Yadin joined the [[Democratic Movement (Israel)|Democratic Movement]], but it too split up and he sat as an independent MK for the remainder of his term. During a cabinet meeting, May 1981, while still Deputy Prime Minister, he accused Chief of Staff [[Rafael Eitan]] of "lying to the government" and told Prime Minister Begin "You have lost control of the defence establishment."<ref>Peri. Page 267.</ref> He retired from politics in 1981.
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Yadin menikah dengan Carmela (née [[Arthur Ruppin|Ruppin]]), yang bekerja bersamanya selama kariernya dalam menerjemahkan dan menyunting buku-bukunya dan bersama-sama mereka mempunyai dua orang putri, Orly dan Littal. Ia meninggal pada tahun 1984 dan dikebumikan dalam pemakaman militer di [[Mount Herzl]], [[Yerusalem]]. Aktor Israel, [[Yossi Yadin]], adalah saudara laki-lakinya.
Yadin menikah dengan Carmela (née [[Arthur Ruppin|Ruppin]]), yang bekerja bersamanya selama kariernya dalam menerjemahkan dan menyunting buku-bukunya dan bersama-sama mereka mempunyai dua orang putri, Orly dan Littal. Ia meninggal pada tahun 1984 dan dikebumikan dalam pemakaman militer di [[Mount Herzl]], [[Yerusalem]]. Aktor Israel, [[Yossi Yadin]], adalah saudara laki-lakinya.


Revisi per 18 November 2014 07.22

Yigael Yadin
Nama asliיגאל סוקניק
Lahir(1917-03-20)20 Maret 1917
Yerusalem, Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah
Meninggal28 Juni 1984(1984-06-28) (umur 67)
Yerusalem, Israel
Pengabdian
Lama dinas1932–52
Pangkat
Perang/pertempuran
Pekerjaan lainArcheolog

Yigael Yadin (Ibrani: יִגָּאֵל יָדִין, terlahir Yigael Sukenik (bahasa Ibrani: יגאל סוקניק‎; 20 Maret 1917 – 28 Juni 1984) adalah seorang Yahudi Israel yang merupakan arkeolog, politikus, Chief of Staff kedua dari Israel Defense Forces.

Biografi

Masa muda dan karier militer

Delegasi Israel pada perundingan 1949 Armistice Agreements. Kiri ke kanan: Komandan Yehoshafat Harkabi, Aryeh Simon, Yigael Yadin, and Yitzhak Rabin (1949)
IDF Chief of Staff Yigael Yadin presenting a decoration to actor Edward G. Robinson (1950)

Yadin lahir pada tahun 1917. Ayahnya adalah arkeolog terkenal Eleazar Sukenik dan ibunya adalah educationalis dan aktivis hak perempuan Hasya Feinsod Sukenik.[1] Ia bergabung ke Haganah pada usia 15 tahun, dan bekerja di sana dalam berbagai kapasitas. Pada tahun 1946 ia meninggalkan Haganah setelah bertikai dengan komandannya Yitzhak Sadeh mengenai penggunaan suatu machine gun sebagai bagian perlengkapan tentara standar.

Arkeologi

Setelah meninggalkan militer, ia memfokuskan diri pada penelitian dan memulai karya hidupnya dalam bidang arkeologi. Pada tahun 1956 ia menerima Israel Prize dalam Jewish studies,[2] untuk tesis doktoral dalam penerjemahan Naskah Laut Mati. Sebagai arkeolog, ia mengekskavasi sejumlah tempat paling penting di daerah itu, termasuk gua-gua Qumran, Masada, Hazor, and Tel Megiddo. Banyak orang menganggap Yadin, seorang pejuang dan sarjana, sebagai model ideal orang Israel yang tidak ternoda korupsi, yang dapat memimpin negara ke jalur baru. Dash ternyata adalah suatu kegagalan dan partai itu pecah menjadi beberapa faksi kecil: Yadin bergabung dengan Democratic Movement, tapi inipun pecah dan ia menjadi MK independent sampai akhir jabatannya. Dalam suatu pertemuan kabinet, Mei 1981, ketika masih menjabat sebagai Deputy Prime Minister, ia menuduh Chief of Staff Rafael Eitan "berbohong kepada pemerintah" dan berkata kepada Perdana Menteri Begin "Engkau telah kehilangan kontrol atas lembaga pertahanan."[3] Ia pensiun dari politik pada tahun 1981.

Yadin menikah dengan Carmela (née Ruppin), yang bekerja bersamanya selama kariernya dalam menerjemahkan dan menyunting buku-bukunya dan bersama-sama mereka mempunyai dua orang putri, Orly dan Littal. Ia meninggal pada tahun 1984 dan dikebumikan dalam pemakaman militer di Mount Herzl, Yerusalem. Aktor Israel, Yossi Yadin, adalah saudara laki-lakinya.

Karya

  • Views of the Biblical World. Jerusalem: International Publishing Company J-m Ltd, 1959.
  • The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands. McGraw-Hill, 1963.
  • Masada: Herod’s Fortress and the Zealots’ Last Stand. New York: Random House, 1966.
  • Hazor (Schweich Lectures for 1970)
  • The Bar Kochba Caves. (Hebrew). Maariv, 1971
  • Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome, 1971
  • The Temple Scroll published posthumously London, Weidenfeld & Nicholson,1985

Yigael Yadin published many research papers and ancient text explanations, at the Hebrew University press (in Hebrew):

  • The Sons of Light against Sons of Darkness (from the Qumran Caves), 1955
  • The Message of the Scrolls, 1957
  • The Hidden Scrolls, 1958
  • The book of Ben Sira, 1965
  • Teffilin of Head from the Qumran caves, 1969
  • The Temple Scroll (from the Qumran caves), 1977

Sumber

  • Neil A. Silberman "A Prophet from Amongst You: The Life of Yigael Yadin, Soldier, Scholar, and Mythmaker of Modern Israel" Addison Wesley (1994).

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sukenik-feinsod-hasya
  2. ^ "Israel Prize Official Site – Recipients in 1956 (in Hebrew)". 
  3. ^ Peri. Page 267.

Pranala luar


Templat:Chiefs of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces

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