Ostrakon: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
JohnThorne (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
JohnThorne (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
| Baris 6: | Baris 6: | ||
Di [[Atena]], [[Yunani]], pada zaman kuno, masyarakat melakukan voting dengan menulis atau mengukir nama seseorang pada potongan keramik, misalnya untuk mengasingkan atau mengusir seseorang dari kelompok masyarakat itu. Setelah voting dihitung dan suara terbanyak menolak yang bersangkutan, maka orang tersebut diasingkan selama 10 tahun dari kota itu, sehingga menghasilkan istilah ''[[:en:ostracism|ostracism]]'' (ostrakisme). |
Di [[Atena]], [[Yunani]], pada zaman kuno, masyarakat melakukan voting dengan menulis atau mengukir nama seseorang pada potongan keramik, misalnya untuk mengasingkan atau mengusir seseorang dari kelompok masyarakat itu. Setelah voting dihitung dan suara terbanyak menolak yang bersangkutan, maka orang tersebut diasingkan selama 10 tahun dari kota itu, sehingga menghasilkan istilah ''[[:en:ostracism|ostracism]]'' (ostrakisme). |
||
| ⚫ | |||
== Ostrakon Mesir == |
== Ostrakon Mesir == |
||
[[Image:Heratic script limestone.jpg|right|thumb|210px|One of four official letters to [[Vizier (Ancient Egypt)|vizier]] Khay copied onto a [[limestone]] ostracon, in Egyptian [[Hieratic]] ]] |
[[Image:Heratic script limestone.jpg|right|thumb|210px|One of four official letters to [[Vizier (Ancient Egypt)|vizier]] Khay copied onto a [[limestone]] ostracon, in Egyptian [[Hieratic]] ]] |
||
| Baris 13: | Baris 13: | ||
Anything with a smooth surface could be used as a writing surface. Generally discarded material, ostraca were cheap, readily available and therefore frequently used for writings of an ephemeral nature such as messages, prescriptions, receipts, students exercises and notes: pottery shards, limestone flakes,<ref name="Donadoni">{{Citation |editor-last=Donadoni |editor-first=Sergio |title=The Egyptians |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |year=1997 |isbn=0-226-15555-2 |page=78 }}.</ref> thin fragments of other stone types, etc., but limestone [[sherd]]s, being flaky and of a lighter color, were most common. Ostraca were typically small, covered with just a few words or a small picture drawn in ink;<ref>{{Citation |last=Klauck |first=Hans-Josef |title=Ancient Letters And the New Testament: A Guide to Context and Exegesis |publisher=Baylor University Press |year=2006 |isbn=1-932792-40-6 |page=45 }}.</ref> but the tomb of the craftsman Sennedjem at Deir el Medina contained an enormous ostracon inscribed with the [[Story of Sinuhe]].<ref name="Donadoni" /> |
Anything with a smooth surface could be used as a writing surface. Generally discarded material, ostraca were cheap, readily available and therefore frequently used for writings of an ephemeral nature such as messages, prescriptions, receipts, students exercises and notes: pottery shards, limestone flakes,<ref name="Donadoni">{{Citation |editor-last=Donadoni |editor-first=Sergio |title=The Egyptians |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |year=1997 |isbn=0-226-15555-2 |page=78 }}.</ref> thin fragments of other stone types, etc., but limestone [[sherd]]s, being flaky and of a lighter color, were most common. Ostraca were typically small, covered with just a few words or a small picture drawn in ink;<ref>{{Citation |last=Klauck |first=Hans-Josef |title=Ancient Letters And the New Testament: A Guide to Context and Exegesis |publisher=Baylor University Press |year=2006 |isbn=1-932792-40-6 |page=45 }}.</ref> but the tomb of the craftsman Sennedjem at Deir el Medina contained an enormous ostracon inscribed with the [[Story of Sinuhe]].<ref name="Donadoni" /> |
||
| ⚫ | |||
The importance of ostraca for Egyptology is immense. The combination of their physical nature and the Egyptian climate have preserved texts, from the medical to the mundane, which in other cultures were lost.<ref>{{Citation |first=Michel |last=Chauveau |title=Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the Ptolemies |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, NY |year=2000 |isbn=0-8014-8576-2 |page=7 }}.</ref> These can often serve as better witnesses of everyday life than literary treatises preserved in libraries. |
The importance of ostraca for Egyptology is immense. The combination of their physical nature and the Egyptian climate have preserved texts, from the medical to the mundane, which in other cultures were lost.<ref>{{Citation |first=Michel |last=Chauveau |title=Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the Ptolemies |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, NY |year=2000 |isbn=0-8014-8576-2 |page=7 }}.</ref> These can often serve as better witnesses of everyday life than literary treatises preserved in libraries. |
||
Revisi per 4 Desember 2014 17.55
_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_9_2009.jpg)
Ostracon (Yunani: ὄστρακον ostrakon, bentuk jamak: ὄστρακα ostraka; bahasa Inggris: ostracon) adalah sebutan untuk pecahan keramik (atau batu), yang biasanya berasal dari suatu guci atau tempayan tanah liat lainnya. Dalam arkeologi, ostrakon dapat memuat kata-kata atau tulisan yang diukir di permukaannya dan memberikan indikasi tarikh penggunaan benda tersebut.
Di Atena, Yunani, pada zaman kuno, masyarakat melakukan voting dengan menulis atau mengukir nama seseorang pada potongan keramik, misalnya untuk mengasingkan atau mengusir seseorang dari kelompok masyarakat itu. Setelah voting dihitung dan suara terbanyak menolak yang bersangkutan, maka orang tersebut diasingkan selama 10 tahun dari kota itu, sehingga menghasilkan istilah ostracism (ostrakisme).
Lihat pula
- Daftar artefak terkait Alkitab
- Ostrakon Isbeth Sartah
- Ostrakon Samaria
- Ostracism
- Potsherd
- Soleto Map
Referensi
Pustaka
Artikel ini memuat teks dari suatu penerbitan yang sekarang berada dalam ranah publik: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Christian Ostraka". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.- Parkinson, Richard; Diffie, W.; Fischer, M.; Simpson, R. S. (1999), Cracking Codes: The Rosetta Stone, and Decipherment, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-22306-3.
- Reeves, Nicholas (2000), Ancient Egypt: The Great Discoveries: A Year-by-Year Chronicle, London: Thames and Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05105-4. (Specifically, "1964-71: The Sacred Animal Necropolis, Saqqara"; and "1964-65: A Statue Finds Its Face".)
- McDowell, A. G. Village Life in Ancient Egypt: Laundry Lists and Love Songs (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002).
- Forsdyke, Sara, Exile, Ostracism, and Democracy: The Politics of Expulsion in Ancient Greece (Princeton, PUP, 2005).
- Litinas, Nikos, Greek Ostraca from Chersonesos, Crete: Ostraca Cretica Chersonesi (O.Cret.Chers.) (Wien: Holzhausen, 2008) (Tyche. Supplementband; 6).
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Ancient Egyptian ostracons.
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Greek ostraka.
- Ostraca
- The Ostracon, the research publication of the Egyptian Study Society.
- Archeologist discovers 3000-year old ostracon
- Prize Find: Oldest Hebrew Inscription Biblical Archaeology Review