Martin Wight

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Martin Wight

Robert James Martin Wight (26 November 1913 – 15 Juli 1972), juga dikenal dengan nama Martin Wight, adalah salah satu ilmuwan hubungan internasional Britania Raya ternama pada abad ke-20. Ia merupakan penulis Power Politics (1946; direvisi dan diperluas tahun 1978) dan esai "Why is there no International Theory?" (pertama terbit di jurnal International Relations tahun 1960 dan diterbitkan lagi di Diplomatic Investigations tahun 1966). Ia pernah mengajar di London School of Economics dan Universitas Sussex dan menjabat sebagai Dekan Studi Eropa.

Wight sering dikaitkan dengan kelompok teori politik internasional Britania (berbeda dengan kelompok Amerika Serikat) dan hubungan internasional mazhab Inggris. Selain John Anderson, karya-karya Wight juga sangat memengaruhi pemikiran Hedley Bull, penulis salah satu buku terlaris di bidang politik internasional, The Anarchical Society (1977).

Karya pilihan

Wight menulis banyak tinjauan, kebanyakan di antaranya untuk The Observer dan International Affairs. Karya-karya utamanya adalah:

• "Christian Pacifism", Theology, 33:193 (July 1936), pp. 12–21.
• Letter on "Christian Pacifism", Theology 33:198 (December 1936), pp. 367–368.
• "The Tanaka Memorial", History 27 (March 1943), pp. 61–68.
• Power Politics Looking Forward Pamphlet, no. 8 (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1946).
• The Development of the Legislative Council 1606-1945, vol. 1 (London: Faber & Faber, 1946).
• "Sarawak", New Statesman and Nation 31, 8 June 1946, pp. 413–414.
• "The Realist’s Utopia", on E. H. Carr, The Twenty Year’s Crisis, The Observer, 21 July 1946, p. 3.
• The Gold Coast Legislative Council (London: Faber & Faber, 1947).
• "The Church, Russia and the West", A Ecumenical Review: a Quarterly, 1:1 (Autumn 1948), pp. 25–45.
• "History and Judgment: Butterfield, Niebuhr and the Technical Historian", The Frontier: A Christian Commentary on the Common Life, 1:8 (August 1950), pp. 301–314.
• With W. Arthur Lewis, Michael Scott & Colin Legum, Attitude to Africa (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1951).
• Preface & amendments to revised edition of Harold J. Laski, An Introduction to Politics (London: Allen & Unwin, 1951).
• British Colonial Constitutions 1947 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1952).
• "Spain and Portugal", "Switzerland, The Low Countries, and Scandinavia", "Eastern Europe", "Germany" & "The Balance of Power" in A. J. Toynbee & F. T. Ashton-Gwatkin (eds.) Survey of International Affairs 1939-1946: The World in March 1939 (London: Oxford University Press & Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1952), pp. 138–150, pp. 151–165, pp. 206–292, pp. 293–365 & pp. 508–532.
• Note on A (III) (a) Annex I "Spiritual Achievement and Material Achievement", "The Crux for an Historian brought up in the Christian Tradition" & numerous notes in Arnold J. Toynbee, A Study of History, vol. VII (London: OUP & RIIA, 1954), pp. 711–715 & pp. 737–748.
• "What Makes a Good Historian?", The Listener 53:1355, 17 February 1955, pp. 283–4
• "War and International Politics", The Listener, 54:1389, 13 October 1955, pp. 584–585.
• "The Power Struggle within the United Nations", Proceedings of the Institute of World Affairs, 33rd session (Los Angeles: USC, 1956), pp. 247–259.
• "Brutus in Foreign Policy: The Memoirs of Sir Anthony Eden", International Affairs vol. 36, no. 3 (July 1960), pp. 299–309.
• "Are they Classical", Times Literary Supplement 3171, 7 December 1962, p. 955 & 3176, 11 January 1963, p. 25.
• "The Place of Classics in a New University", Didaskalos: The Journal of the Joint Association of Classical Teachers, 1:1 (1963), pp. 27–36.
• "Does Peace Take Care of Itself", Views 2 (1963), pp. 93–95.
• "European Studies" in D. Daiches (ed.), The Idea of a New University: An Experiment in Sussex (London: Andre Deutsch, 1964), pp. 100–119.
• "Why is there no International Theory?", "Western Values in International Relations" & "The Balance of Power" in Herbert Butterfield & Martin Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics (London: Allen & Unwin, 1966), pp. 17–34, pp. 89–131 & pp. 149–175.
• "The Balance of Power and International Order", in Alan James (ed.), The Bases of International Order: Essays in honour of C. A. W. Manning (London: OUP, 1973), pp. 85–115.
• "Arnold Toynbee: An Appreciation", International Affairs 52:1(January 1976), pp. 11–13.
• Systems of States ed. Hedley Bull, (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1977).
• "Is the Commonwealth a Non-Hobbesian Institution?", Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 26:2 (July 1978), pp. 119–135.
• "An Anatomy of International Thought", Review of International Studies 13 (1987), pp. 221–227.
• International Theory: The Three Traditions ed. Gabriele Wight & Brian Porter (Leicester & London: Leicester University Press, 1991).
• Power Politics (2nd ed.) edited by Hedley Bull & Carstaan Holbraad (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1995).
• "On the Abolition of War: Observations on a Memorandum by Walter Millis", in Harry Bauer & Elisabetta Brighi (eds.), International Relations at LSE: A History of 75 Years (London: Millennium Publishing Group, 2003), pp. 51–60.
• Four Seminal Thinkers in International Theory: Machiavelli, Grotius, Kant and Mazzini ed. Gabriele Wight & Brian Porter (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199273676.do
• Fortuna e Ironia in Politica ed. Michele Chiaruzzi (Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2014).

Referensi

1. Brunello Vigezzi, Il «British Committee on the Theory of International Politics» (1958-1985), in Hedley Bull & Adam Watson (eds), L’espansione della societa’ internazionale (Milano: Jaca Book, 1994), pp. xi-xcvii.
2. Tim Dunne, Inventing International Society: A History of the English School (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998).
3. Brunello Vigezzi, The British Committee on the Theory of International Politics 1954-1985: The Rediscovery of History (Milano: Unicopli, 2005).
4. Ian Hall, The International Thought of Martin Wight (New York: Palgrave, 2006).
5. Michele Chiaruzzi, Politica di potenza nell'eta' del Leviatano: La teoria internazionale di Martin Wight (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2008).

Arsip

• Catalogue of the Wight papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics.
• The Martin Wight Memorial Trust