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* [[Edward Shepherd Creasy]], ''History of Ottoman Turks; From the beginning of their empire to the present time,'' London, Richard Bentley (1854); (1878). |
* [[Edward Shepherd Creasy]], ''History of Ottoman Turks; From the beginning of their empire to the present time,'' London, Richard Bentley (1854); (1878). |
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* Maurizio Costanza, ''La Mezzaluna sul filo - La riforma ottomana di Mahmûd II'', Marcianum Press, Venezia, 2010 |
* Maurizio Costanza, ''La Mezzaluna sul filo - La riforma ottomana di Mahmûd II'', Marcianum Press, Venezia, 2010 |
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*Nora Lafi, "The Ottoman Municipal Reforms between Old Regime and Modernity: Towards a New Interpretative Paradigm", Istanbul, 2007 |
* Nora Lafi, "The Ottoman Municipal Reforms between Old Regime and Modernity: Towards a New Interpretative Paradigm", Istanbul, 2007 |
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http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/62/10/PDF/LafiEminonuOttomanReforms.pdf |
http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/62/10/PDF/LafiEminonuOttomanReforms.pdf |
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* LAFI (Nora), [http://www.harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=4980 Une ville du Maghreb entre ancien régime et réformes ottomanes]. Genèse des institutions municipales à Tripoli de Barbarie (1795–1911), Paris: L'Harmattan, (2002). |
* LAFI (Nora), [http://www.harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=4980 Une ville du Maghreb entre ancien régime et réformes ottomanes]. Genèse des institutions municipales à Tripoli de Barbarie (1795–1911), Paris: L'Harmattan, (2002). |
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== Bacaan lanjutan == |
== Bacaan lanjutan == |
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*{{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|last=Gelvin |
|last=Gelvin |
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|first=James L. |
|first=James L. |
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|isbn=978-0-19-532759-5 |
|isbn=978-0-19-532759-5 |
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}} |
}} |
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*Hussain, Ishtiaq. "The Tanzimat: Secular reforms in the Ottoman Empire]", [http://faith-matters.org/resources/publicationsreports/252-the-tanzimat-secular-reforms-in-the-ottoman-empire Faith Matters] 2011 |
* Hussain, Ishtiaq. "The Tanzimat: Secular reforms in the Ottoman Empire]", [http://faith-matters.org/resources/publicationsreports/252-the-tanzimat-secular-reforms-in-the-ottoman-empire Faith Matters] 2011 |
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{{Topik Turki}} |
{{Topik Turki}} |