Guinea: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Sebelumnya [[Guinea Prancis]], memperoleh kemerdekaan pada tahun 1958.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/west-africa-economic-bloc-suspends-guinea-after-military-coup/a-59127739 West Africa economic bloc suspends Guinea after military coup], [[Deutsche Welle]] (September 8, 2021).</ref> Ia memiliki sejarah kudeta militer.<ref name=Bariyo>Nicholas Bariyo & Benoit Faucon, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/military-faction-stages-coup-in-mineral-rich-guinea-11630866469 Military Faction Stages Coup in Mineral-Rich Guinea], ''Wall Street Journal'' (September 5, 2021).</ref><ref name=Larson>Krista Larson, [https://apnews.com/article/africa-elections-senegal-west-africa-term-limits-4c595d69cbfd95d173b7ef1a6da0d5f8 EXPLAINER: Why is history repeating itself in Guinea's coup?], Associated Press (September 7, 2021).</ref><ref name=Paquett>Danielle Paquett, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/09/06/guinea-coup-explained/ Here's what we know about the unfolding coup in Guinea], ''Washington Post'' (September 6, 2021).</ref> Setelah puluhan tahun pemerintahan otoriter, pada tahun 2010 diadakan [[Pemilihan umum di Guinea|pemilu demokratis]] pertamanya.<ref name=Paquett/><ref>Abdourahmane Diallo and Adam Nossiter, [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/08/world/africa/08guinea.html Guinea Votes in Its First Democratic Presidential Election], ''New York Times'' (November 7, 2010).</ref><ref name=FH2010>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/guinea/freedom-world/2021 Guinea], ''Freedom in the World'', [[Freedom House]], 2021.</ref> Karena terus mengadakan pemilihan multi-partai, negara terus menghadapi konflik etnis, korupsi, dan pelanggaran oleh militer dan polisi.<ref name=FH2010/><ref>Saliou Samb, [https://www.reuters.com/article/guinea-politics/guinea-president-conde-vows-to-tackle-corruption-during-third-term-idUSKBN28P27F Guinea President Conde vows to tackle corruption during third term], Reuters (December 15, 2020).</ref> Pada tahun 2011, pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengklaim bahwa penyiksaan oleh aparat keamanan dan pelecehan terhadap perempuan dan anak-anak (termasuk [[Pemotongan kelamin perempuan|mutilasi alat kelamin perempuan]]) adalah masalah hak asasi manusia yang sedang berlangsung.<ref name='State 2011'>{{cite web | url = https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?dlid=186203 | title = Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Guinea | access-date = 27 August 2012 | author = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor | year = 2012 | publisher = [[United States Department of State]] | df = dmy-all | author-link = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor }}</ref> Pada tahun 2021, sebuah [[Kudeta Guinea 2021|faksi militer menggulingkan presiden Alpha Condé]] dan menangguhkan konstitusi.<ref name=Bariyo/><ref name=Larson/><ref name=Paquett/> |
Sebelumnya [[Guinea Prancis]], memperoleh kemerdekaan pada tahun 1958.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/west-africa-economic-bloc-suspends-guinea-after-military-coup/a-59127739 West Africa economic bloc suspends Guinea after military coup], [[Deutsche Welle]] (September 8, 2021).</ref> Ia memiliki sejarah kudeta militer.<ref name=Bariyo>Nicholas Bariyo & Benoit Faucon, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/military-faction-stages-coup-in-mineral-rich-guinea-11630866469 Military Faction Stages Coup in Mineral-Rich Guinea], ''Wall Street Journal'' (September 5, 2021).</ref><ref name=Larson>Krista Larson, [https://apnews.com/article/africa-elections-senegal-west-africa-term-limits-4c595d69cbfd95d173b7ef1a6da0d5f8 EXPLAINER: Why is history repeating itself in Guinea's coup?], Associated Press (September 7, 2021).</ref><ref name=Paquett>Danielle Paquett, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/09/06/guinea-coup-explained/ Here's what we know about the unfolding coup in Guinea], ''Washington Post'' (September 6, 2021).</ref> Setelah puluhan tahun pemerintahan otoriter, pada tahun 2010 diadakan [[Pemilihan umum di Guinea|pemilu demokratis]] pertamanya.<ref name=Paquett/><ref>Abdourahmane Diallo and Adam Nossiter, [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/08/world/africa/08guinea.html Guinea Votes in Its First Democratic Presidential Election], ''New York Times'' (November 7, 2010).</ref><ref name=FH2010>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/guinea/freedom-world/2021 Guinea], ''Freedom in the World'', [[Freedom House]], 2021.</ref> Karena terus mengadakan pemilihan multi-partai, negara terus menghadapi konflik etnis, korupsi, dan pelanggaran oleh militer dan polisi.<ref name=FH2010/><ref>Saliou Samb, [https://www.reuters.com/article/guinea-politics/guinea-president-conde-vows-to-tackle-corruption-during-third-term-idUSKBN28P27F Guinea President Conde vows to tackle corruption during third term], Reuters (December 15, 2020).</ref> Pada tahun 2011, pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengklaim bahwa penyiksaan oleh aparat keamanan dan pelecehan terhadap perempuan dan anak-anak (termasuk [[Pemotongan kelamin perempuan|mutilasi alat kelamin perempuan]]) adalah masalah hak asasi manusia yang sedang berlangsung.<ref name='State 2011'>{{cite web | url = https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?dlid=186203 | title = Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Guinea | access-date = 27 August 2012 | author = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor | year = 2012 | publisher = [[United States Department of State]] | df = dmy-all | author-link = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor }}</ref> Pada tahun 2021, sebuah [[Kudeta Guinea 2021|faksi militer menggulingkan presiden Alpha Condé]] dan menangguhkan konstitusi.<ref name=Bariyo/><ref name=Larson/><ref name=Paquett/> |
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[[Islam di Guinea|Muslim]] mewakili 85% populasi.<ref name="uiowa1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visualgeography.com/categories/guinea/religion.html |title=Religion in Guinea |publisher=Visual Geography |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914140804/http://www.visualgeography.com/categories/guinea/religion.html |archive-date=14 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecobank.com/countryinfo.aspx?cid=74049 |title=The Pan African Bank |publisher=Ecobank |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319131431/http://www.ecobank.com/countryinfo.aspx?cid=74049 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Negara ini dibagi menjadi empat wilayah geografis: [[Guinea Maritim]] di pantai Atlantik, dataran tinggi [[Fouta Djallon]] atau Guinea Tengah, wilayah savana [[Guinea Atas]] di timur laut, dan wilayah [[Guinée forestière|hutan tropis Guinée forestière]]. [[Bahasa Prancis]] sebagai bahasa resmi Guinea adalah bahasa komunikasi di sekolah, administrasi pemerintahan, dan media. Lebih dari 24 bahasa pribumi dituturkan dan yang terbesar adalah [[Bahasa Sosso|Susu]], [[Bahasa Pular|Pular]], dan [[Bahasa Maninka|Maninka]], yang masing-masing mendominasi di Maritime Guinea, Fouta Djallon, dan Guinea Atas, sementara Guinée forestière memiliki keragaman etnolinguistik. Perekonomian Guinea sebagian besar bergantung pada pertanian dan produksi mineral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africa-import-export.gm/import-export/guinea-conakry.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105124833/http://www.africa-import-export.gm/import-export/guinea-conakry.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2010|title=Guinea Conakry: Major Imports, Exports, Industries & Business Opportunities in Guinea Conakry, Africa|access-date=15 October 2014}}</ref> Ini adalah penghasil [[bauksit]] terbesar kedua di dunia, dan memiliki simpanan [[intan]] dan emas.<ref name="guineaconakrysupport.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.guineaconakrysupport.com/?lang=en|title=Guinea Conakry Support – Guinee Conakry Trade and Support. (GCTS)|access-date=15 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105021335/http://www.guineaconakrysupport.com/?lang=en|archive-date=5 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Negara itu menjadi pusat [[Wabah virus Ebola di Afrika Barat|wabah Ebola 2014]]. |
[[Islam di Guinea|Muslim]] mewakili 85% populasi.<ref name="uiowa1">{{cite web |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/countries/Guinea-Conakry.html |title=Guinea-Conakry |access-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205044119/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/countries/Guinea-Conakry.html |archive-date=5 February 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visualgeography.com/categories/guinea/religion.html |title=Religion in Guinea |publisher=Visual Geography |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914140804/http://www.visualgeography.com/categories/guinea/religion.html |archive-date=14 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecobank.com/countryinfo.aspx?cid=74049 |title=The Pan African Bank |publisher=Ecobank |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319131431/http://www.ecobank.com/countryinfo.aspx?cid=74049 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Negara ini dibagi menjadi empat wilayah geografis: [[Guinea Maritim]] di pantai Atlantik, dataran tinggi [[Fouta Djallon]] atau Guinea Tengah, wilayah savana [[Guinea Atas]] di timur laut, dan wilayah [[Guinée forestière|hutan tropis Guinée forestière]]. [[Bahasa Prancis]] sebagai bahasa resmi Guinea adalah bahasa komunikasi di sekolah, administrasi pemerintahan, dan media. Lebih dari 24 bahasa pribumi dituturkan dan yang terbesar adalah [[Bahasa Sosso|Susu]], [[Bahasa Pular|Pular]], dan [[Bahasa Maninka|Maninka]], yang masing-masing mendominasi di Maritime Guinea, Fouta Djallon, dan Guinea Atas, sementara Guinée forestière memiliki keragaman etnolinguistik. Perekonomian Guinea sebagian besar bergantung pada pertanian dan produksi mineral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africa-import-export.gm/import-export/guinea-conakry.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105124833/http://www.africa-import-export.gm/import-export/guinea-conakry.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 November 2010|title=Guinea Conakry: Major Imports, Exports, Industries & Business Opportunities in Guinea Conakry, Africa|access-date=15 October 2014}}</ref> Ini adalah penghasil [[bauksit]] terbesar kedua di dunia, dan memiliki simpanan [[intan]] dan emas.<ref name="guineaconakrysupport.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.guineaconakrysupport.com/?lang=en|title=Guinea Conakry Support – Guinee Conakry Trade and Support. (GCTS)|access-date=15 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105021335/http://www.guineaconakrysupport.com/?lang=en|archive-date=5 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Negara itu menjadi pusat [[Wabah virus Ebola di Afrika Barat|wabah Ebola 2014]]. |
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== Sejarah == |
== Sejarah == |
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