Banjir Teluk Persia 2024: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Pada bulan April 2024, hujan deras melanda beberapa negara bagian [[Teluk Persia]], menyebabkan banjir bandang di seluruh wilayah tersebut. Beberapa negara bagian mencatat curah hujan yang hampir sama dengan curah hujan selama satu tahun dalam satu hari. Banjir tersebut memiliki dampak yang signifikan di seluruh wilayah, dengan [[Oman]] dan Uni [[United Arab Emirates|Emirat Arab]] yang paling terdampak.<sup><ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Marisha|date=18 April 2024|title=Unusual weather system brings rain to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain|url=https://gulfbusiness.com/unusual-weather-system-rain-saudi-arabia-bahrain/|language=en-US|access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref></sup> Sedikitnya 24 orang tewas, 19 di antaranya di Oman.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 April 2024|title=Heavy Rain and Floods Kill 19 in Oman and Disrupt Dubai Airport|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/17/us/dubai-flood-rain-oman-deaths.html|website=The New York Times|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417085343/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/17/us/dubai-flood-rain-oman-deaths.html|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Iran]] tenggara, [[Yemen|Yaman]], serta [[Negara-negara Arab di Teluk Persia|negara-negara Teluk]] [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], dan [[Syarqiyah, Arab Saudi|Provinsi Timur]] [[Saudi Arabia|Arab Saudi]], juga mengalami curah hujan yang tinggi dan banjir.
Pada bulan April 2024, hujan deras melanda beberapa negara bagian [[Teluk Persia]], menyebabkan banjir bandang di seluruh wilayah tersebut. Beberapa negara bagian mencatat curah hujan yang hampir sama dengan curah hujan selama satu tahun dalam satu hari. Banjir tersebut memiliki dampak yang signifikan di seluruh wilayah, dengan [[Oman]] dan [[Uni Emirat Arab]] (UEA) yang paling terdampak.<sup><ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Marisha|date=18 April 2024|title=Unusual weather system brings rain to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain|url=https://gulfbusiness.com/unusual-weather-system-rain-saudi-arabia-bahrain/|language=en-US|access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref></sup> Sedikitnya 24 orang tewas, 19 di antaranya di Oman.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 April 2024|title=Heavy Rain and Floods Kill 19 in Oman and Disrupt Dubai Airport|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/17/us/dubai-flood-rain-oman-deaths.html|website=The New York Times|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417085343/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/17/us/dubai-flood-rain-oman-deaths.html|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Iran]] tenggara, [[Yemen|Yaman]], serta [[Negara-negara Arab di Teluk Persia|negara-negara Teluk]] [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], dan [[Syarqiyah, Arab Saudi|Provinsi Timur]] [[Saudi Arabia|Arab Saudi]], juga mengalami curah hujan yang tinggi dan banjir.


==Latar belakang==
==Latar belakang==
Wilayah Teluk Persia dikenal dengan cuaca yang panas dan kering, meskipun hujan lebat yang menyebabkan banjir juga telah terjadi dengan frekuensi yang lebih besar dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2024|title=Fierce storm lashes UAE as Dubai diverts flights|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68831408|website=BBC News|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417001907/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68831408|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Karena iklim gurun yang gersang dan suhu yang tinggi, [[penyemaian awan]] telah digunakan di Uni Emirat Arab untuk mengatasi kelangkaan air.<sup><ref>{{Cite web|last=Vlamis|first=Kelsey|title=Photos of torrential Dubai flash floods show the downsides of trying to control the weather|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-dubai-airport-flash-floods-show-downsides-controlling-the-weather-2024-4|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417080342/https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-dubai-airport-flash-floods-show-downsides-controlling-the-weather-2024-4|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref></sup> Pembuatan hujan buatan telah dikritik karena dampak lingkungan akibat penggunaan bahan penyemaian yang berbahaya, tetapi di UEA garam alami digunakan sebagai bahan penyemaian alih-alih bahan kimia berbahaya seperti [[perak iodida]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 April 2024|title=Dubai Floods: Is artificial rain behind UAE's rare torrential weather?|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/dubai-flood-is-artificial-rain-behind-uaes-rare-torrential-weather/articleshow/109365324.cms|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417080459/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/dubai-flood-is-artificial-rain-behind-uaes-rare-torrential-weather/articleshow/109365324.cms|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Atas pertimbangan UEA menjadi salah satu wilayah terpanas dan terkering di dunia, Program Penelitian UEA untuk Sains Peningkatan Hujan telah berinvestasi mencari solusi baru mengatasi kekurangan air yang diperkirakan akan terjadi di negara ini.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmar|first=Abir|date=30 August 2022|title=Parched UAE turns to science to squeeze more rainfall from clouds|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/parched-uae-turns-science-squeeze-more-rainfall-clouds-2022-08-30/|website=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117094001/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/parched-uae-turns-science-squeeze-more-rainfall-clouds-2022-08-30/|archive-date=17 November 2023|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Komentator lain telah mengaitkan cuaca yang tidak biasa ini dengan [[perubahan iklim]]. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Katwala|first=Amit|title=No, Dubai's Floods Weren't Caused by Cloud Seeding|url=https://www.wired.com/story/dubai-flooding-uae-cloud-seeding-climate-change/|access-date=18 April 2024|magazine=Wired|language=en-US|issn=1059-1028|archive-date=17 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417223520/https://www.wired.com/story/dubai-flooding-uae-cloud-seeding-climate-change/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mulhern|first=Owen|date=17 September 2020|title=Sea Level Rise Projection Map – The Persian Gulf|url=https://earth.org/data_visualization/sea-level-rise-by-2100-the-persian-gulf/|website=Earth.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210110123/https://earth.org/data_visualization/sea-level-rise-by-2100-the-persian-gulf/|archive-date=10 December 2023|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Para ahli mengatakan bahwa penyemaian awan hanya akan memberikan efek minimal dan bahwa berfokus pada penyemaian awan adalah "keliru."<sup><ref>{{Cite news|date=17 April 2024|title=What is cloud seeding and did it cause Dubai flooding?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68839043|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417220232/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68839043|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=18 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref></sup> Wilayah ini sebelumnya telah dilanda gelombang panas dan angin topan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir,<sup><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wintour|first=Patrick|date=29 October 2021|title='Apocalypse soon': reluctant Middle East forced to open eyes to climate crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/29/apocalypse-soon-reluctant-middle-east-forced-to-open-eyes-to-climate-crisis|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111205535/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/29/apocalypse-soon-reluctant-middle-east-forced-to-open-eyes-to-climate-crisis|archive-date=11 January 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref></sup> dan dengan meningkatnya suhu dan tingkat kelembapan, para peneliti memperkirakan adanya peningkatan risiko banjir di Teluk.<sup><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=18 April 2024|title=Fourth day after disastrous storm, flash floods – Oman and UAE grapple with aftermath|url=https://maktoobmedia.com/world/fourth-day-after-disastrous-storm-flash-floods-oman-and-uae-grapple-with-aftermath/|website=Maktoob media|language=en-US|access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref></sup>
Wilayah Teluk Persia dikenal dengan cuaca yang panas dan kering, meskipun hujan lebat yang menyebabkan banjir juga telah terjadi dengan frekuensi yang lebih besar dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2024|title=Fierce storm lashes UAE as Dubai diverts flights|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68831408|website=BBC News|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417001907/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68831408|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Karena iklim gurun yang gersang dan suhu yang tinggi, [[penyemaian awan]] telah digunakan di Uni Emirat Arab untuk mengatasi kelangkaan air.<sup><ref>{{Cite web|last=Vlamis|first=Kelsey|title=Photos of torrential Dubai flash floods show the downsides of trying to control the weather|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-dubai-airport-flash-floods-show-downsides-controlling-the-weather-2024-4|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417080342/https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-dubai-airport-flash-floods-show-downsides-controlling-the-weather-2024-4|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref></sup> Pembuatan hujan buatan telah dikritik karena dampak lingkungan akibat penggunaan bahan penyemaian yang berbahaya, tetapi di UEA garam alami digunakan sebagai bahan penyemaian alih-alih bahan kimia berbahaya seperti [[perak iodida]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 April 2024|title=Dubai Floods: Is artificial rain behind UAE's rare torrential weather?|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/dubai-flood-is-artificial-rain-behind-uaes-rare-torrential-weather/articleshow/109365324.cms|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417080459/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/dubai-flood-is-artificial-rain-behind-uaes-rare-torrential-weather/articleshow/109365324.cms|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Atas pertimbangan UEA menjadi salah satu wilayah terpanas dan terkering di dunia, Program Penelitian UEA untuk Sains Peningkatan Hujan telah berinvestasi mencari solusi baru mengatasi kekurangan air yang diperkirakan akan terjadi di negara ini.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmar|first=Abir|date=30 August 2022|title=Parched UAE turns to science to squeeze more rainfall from clouds|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/parched-uae-turns-science-squeeze-more-rainfall-clouds-2022-08-30/|website=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117094001/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/parched-uae-turns-science-squeeze-more-rainfall-clouds-2022-08-30/|archive-date=17 November 2023|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Komentator lain telah mengaitkan cuaca yang tidak biasa ini dengan [[perubahan iklim]]. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Katwala|first=Amit|title=No, Dubai's Floods Weren't Caused by Cloud Seeding|url=https://www.wired.com/story/dubai-flooding-uae-cloud-seeding-climate-change/|access-date=18 April 2024|magazine=Wired|language=en-US|issn=1059-1028|archive-date=17 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417223520/https://www.wired.com/story/dubai-flooding-uae-cloud-seeding-climate-change/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mulhern|first=Owen|date=17 September 2020|title=Sea Level Rise Projection Map – The Persian Gulf|url=https://earth.org/data_visualization/sea-level-rise-by-2100-the-persian-gulf/|website=Earth.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210110123/https://earth.org/data_visualization/sea-level-rise-by-2100-the-persian-gulf/|archive-date=10 December 2023|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Para ahli mengatakan bahwa penyemaian awan hanya akan memberikan efek minimal dan bahwa berfokus pada penyemaian awan adalah "keliru."<sup><ref>{{Cite news|date=17 April 2024|title=What is cloud seeding and did it cause Dubai flooding?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68839043|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417220232/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68839043|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=18 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref></sup> Wilayah ini sebelumnya telah dilanda gelombang panas dan angin topan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir,<sup><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wintour|first=Patrick|date=29 October 2021|title='Apocalypse soon': reluctant Middle East forced to open eyes to climate crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/29/apocalypse-soon-reluctant-middle-east-forced-to-open-eyes-to-climate-crisis|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111205535/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/29/apocalypse-soon-reluctant-middle-east-forced-to-open-eyes-to-climate-crisis|archive-date=11 January 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref></sup> dan dengan meningkatnya suhu dan tingkat kelembapan, para peneliti memperkirakan adanya peningkatan risiko banjir di Teluk.<sup><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=18 April 2024|title=Fourth day after disastrous storm, flash floods – Oman and UAE grapple with aftermath|url=https://maktoobmedia.com/world/fourth-day-after-disastrous-storm-flash-floods-oman-and-uae-grapple-with-aftermath/|website=Maktoob media|language=en-US|access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref></sup>


In the aftermath of the floods, some news outlets such as [[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] linked the heavy downpours to the UAE's [[cloud seeding]] program. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 April 2024 |title=Dubai Grinds to Standstill as Cloud Seeding Worsens Flooding |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-16/dubai-grinds-to-standstill-as-cloud-seeding-worsens-flooding |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417143209/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-16/dubai-grinds-to-standstill-as-cloud-seeding-worsens-flooding |url-status=live }}</ref> Scientists from the [[University of Reading]] denied that cloud seeding was to blame for the heavy rainfall, given that the large-scale weather pattern was predicted in advance, and was too large to be influenced by cloud seeding. They added that the effects of cloud seeding are typically short-lived, lasting for a few hours. Meteorologists from the University of Reading also stated the heavy rain was caused by large thunderstorms.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knapton |first=Sarah |date=18 April 2024 |title=Reading University denies causing flooding in Dubai |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/04/18/university-of-reading-denies-causing-dubai-flooding/ |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418105018/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/04/18/university-of-reading-denies-causing-dubai-flooding/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Omar Al Yazeedi, the deputy director general of the UAE’s National Centre of Meteorology (NCM), said the institution “did not conduct any seeding operations during this event”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Did controversial 'cloud seeding' flights cause torrential downpours and huge flooding in Dubai? |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/uae-dubai-united-arab-emirtates-cloud-seeding-flooding-rainfall/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=LBC |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417153848/https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/uae-dubai-united-arab-emirtates-cloud-seeding-flooding-rainfall/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other news commentators have also dismissed the link to cloud seeding, stating that the technology marginally increases rainfall, and that the UAE's cloud seeding program is localised to the eastern part of the country, away from densely populated metropolitan areas.
Setelah banjir, beberapa media seperti [[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] mengaitkan hujan lebat tersebut dengan program penyemaian awan UEA. <ref>{{Cite news|date=16 April 2024|title=Dubai Grinds to Standstill as Cloud Seeding Worsens Flooding|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-16/dubai-grinds-to-standstill-as-cloud-seeding-worsens-flooding|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417143209/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-16/dubai-grinds-to-standstill-as-cloud-seeding-worsens-flooding|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=18 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Para ilmuwan dari University of Reading membantah bahwa penyemaian awan menjadi penyebab hujan lebat, mengingat pola cuaca berskala besar telah diprediksi sebelumnya, dan terlalu besar untuk dipengaruhi oleh penyemaian awan. Mereka menambahkan bahwa efek penyemaian awan biasanya hanya berlangsung singkat, hanya beberapa jam. Ahli meteorologi dari University of Reading juga menyatakan bahwa hujan lebat tersebut disebabkan oleh badai petir yang besar.<sup><ref>{{Cite news|last=Knapton|first=Sarah|date=18 April 2024|title=Reading University denies causing flooding in Dubai|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/04/18/university-of-reading-denies-causing-dubai-flooding/|work=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418105018/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/04/18/university-of-reading-denies-causing-dubai-flooding/|archive-date=18 April 2024|access-date=18 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref></sup> Omar Al Yazeedi, wakil direktur jenderal Pusat Meteorologi Nasional UEA (NCM), mengatakan bahwa lembaga tersebut "tidak melakukan operasi penyemaian selama peristiwa ini". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Did controversial 'cloud seeding' flights cause torrential downpours and huge flooding in Dubai?|url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/uae-dubai-united-arab-emirtates-cloud-seeding-flooding-rainfall/|website=LBC|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417153848/https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/uae-dubai-united-arab-emirtates-cloud-seeding-flooding-rainfall/|archive-date=17 April 2024|access-date=17 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Komentator berita lainnya juga menepis kaitan antara penyemaian awan, dengan menyatakan bahwa teknologi ini hanya meningkatkan curah hujan secara marginal, dan bahwa program penyemaian awan UEA dilokalisasi di bagian timur negara ini, jauh dari daerah metropolitan yang padat penduduk.

== Dampak ==

== Respons ==


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
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