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== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
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* {{cite journal |authorlink=Dariusz Baliszewski |last=Baliszewski |first=Dariusz |url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=66711 |title=Most honoru |journal=[[Wprost]] |issue=1138 |date=[[2004-09-19]] |language=Polish |accessdate=2005-03-24}}
* {{cite journal |authorlink=Dariusz Baliszewski |last=Baliszewski |first=Dariusz |url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=66711 |title=Most honoru |journal=[[Wprost]] |issue=1138 |date=[[2004-09-19]] |language=Polish |accessdate=2005-03-24}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=Marek Jan Chodakiewicz |last=Chodakiewicz |first=Marek Jan |title=Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947 |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2004 |isbn=0-7391-0484-5}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Marek Jan Chodakiewicz|last=Chodakiewicz|first=Marek Jan|title=Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2004|isbn=0-7391-0484-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=John |title=[[Brute Force (book)|Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War]] |publisher=Viking Adult |edition=1st American ed. |year=1999 |isbn=0-670-80773-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Ellis|first=John|title=[[Brute Force (book)|Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War]]|publisher=Viking Adult|edition=1st American ed.|year=1999|isbn=0-670-80773-7}}
* {{cite journal |authorlink=Benjamin B. Fischer |last=Fischer |first=Benjamin B. |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |title=The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field |journal=[[Studies in Intelligence]] |date=Winter 1999–2000 |accessdate=2005-12-10}}
* {{cite journal |authorlink=Benjamin B. Fischer |last=Fischer |first=Benjamin B. |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html |title=The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field |journal=[[Studies in Intelligence]] |date=Winter 1999–2000 |accessdate=2005-12-10}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=Jan T. Gross |last=Gross |first=Jan T. |title=Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-691-09603-1}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Jan T. Gross|last=Gross|first=Jan T.|title=Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2002|isbn=0-691-09603-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Hooton |first=E. R. |year=2007 |title=Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 Volume 1 |location=London |publisher=Chervron/Ian Allen |isbn=978-1-903223-71-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Hooton|first=E. R.|year=2007|title=Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 Volume 1|location=London|publisher=Chervron/Ian Allen|isbn=978-1-903223-71-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Robert M. |title=The German Campaign in Poland (1939) |publisher=Zenger |year=1980 |isbn=0-89201-064-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Robert M.|title=The German Campaign in Poland (1939)|publisher=Zenger|year=1980|isbn=0-89201-064-9}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=Richard C. Lukas |last=Lukas |first=Richard C. |title=Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944 |publisher=Hippocrene Books |year=2001 |isbn=0-7818-0901-0}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Richard C. Lukas|last=Lukas|first=Richard C.|title=Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944|publisher=Hippocrene Books|year=2001|isbn=0-7818-0901-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Majer |first=Diemut |coauthors=et al. |title=Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-8018-6493-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Majer |first=Diemut|coauthors=et al.|title=Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-8018-6493-3}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=Anita J. Prazmowska |last=Prazmowska |first=Anita J. |title=Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-521-48385-9}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Anita J. Prazmowska|last=Prazmowska|first=Anita J.|title=Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|isbn=0-521-48385-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Rossino |first=Alexander B. |title=Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology and Atrocity |location=Lawrence |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=2003 |isbn=0-7006-1234-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Rossino|first=Alexander B.|title=Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology and Atrocity|location=Lawrence|publisher=University Press of Kansas|year=2003|isbn=0-7006-1234-3}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=George Sanford (scholar) |last=Sanford |first=George |year=2005 |title=Katyn and the Soviet Massacre Of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory |location=London, New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415338735}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=George Sanford (scholar)|last=Sanford|first=George|year=2005|title=Katyn and the Soviet Massacre Of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory|location=London, New York|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415338735}}
* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Peter Charles |title=Stuka Spearhead: The Lightning War from Poland to Dunkirk 1939–1940 |publisher=Greenhill Books |year=1998 |isbn=1-85367-329-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Peter Charles|title=Stuka Spearhead: The Lightning War from Poland to Dunkirk 1939–1940|publisher=Greenhill Books|year=1998|isbn=1-85367-329-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Sword |first=Keith |title=The Soviet Takeover of the Polish Eastern Provinces, 1939–41 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=1991 |isbn=0-312-05570-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Sword|first=Keith|title=The Soviet Takeover of the Polish Eastern Provinces, 1939–41|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=1991|isbn=0-312-05570-6}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=Wacław Stachiewicz |first=Wacław |last=Stachiewicz |title=Wierności dochować żołnierskiej |publisher=OW RYTM |year=1998 |isbn=83-86678-71-2 |language=Polish}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Wacław Stachiewicz|first=Wacław|last=Stachiewicz|title=Wierności dochować żołnierskiej|publisher=OW RYTM|year=1998|isbn=83-86678-71-2|language=Polish}}
* {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=A. J. P. |coauthors=Mayer, S. L. (eds.) |title=A History Of World War Two |location=London |publisher=Octopus Books |year=1974 |isbn=0-70640-399-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=A. J. P.|coauthors=Mayer, S. L. (eds.)|title=A History Of World War Two|location=London|publisher=Octopus Books|year=1974|isbn=0-70640-399-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steve |coauthors=Gerrard, Howard |title=Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg |location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2002 |isbn=1-84176-408-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Zaloga|first=Steve|coauthors=Gerrard, Howard|title=Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1-84176-408-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steve |title=The Polish Army 1939–1945 |location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=1982 |isbn=0-85045-417-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Zaloga|first=Steve|title=The Polish Army 1939–1945|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=1982|isbn=0-85045-417-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]] |url=http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/33490_1.html |title=KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |language=Polish}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]] |url=http://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/33490_1.html |title=KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939 |accessdate=2005-12-10 |language=Polish}}
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== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==

Revisi per 15 Maret 2016 21.47

Penyerbuan Polandia
Bagian dari Perang Dunia II

Kapal Jerman Schleswig-Holstein, menembak Westerplatte, 1 September 1939.
Tanggal1 September6 Oktober 1939
LokasiPolandia
Hasil Kemenangan Blok Poros dan Soviet; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet
Pihak terlibat
Polandia Polandia Jerman Nazi
Uni Soviet
Slowakia
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Polandia Edward Rydz-Śmigły Fedor von Bock
Gerd von Rundstedt
Mikhail Kovalev (Front Belorusia),
Semyon Timoshenko (Front Ukraina),
Ferdinand Čatloš
Kekuatan
Polandia:
39 divisi,[1]
16 brigadir,[1]
4.300 senapan,[1]
880 tank,
400 pesawat tempur[2]
Jumlah: 950.000
Jerman:
56 divisi,
4 brigadir,
9.000 senapan,[2]
2.500 tank,[2]
2.315 pesawat tempur[3]
Uni Soviet:
33+ divisi,
11+ brigadir,
4.959 senapan,
4.736 tank,
3.300 pesawat tempur
Slowakia:
3 divisi
Jumlah:
1.500.000 orang Jerman,[2]
800.000+ orang Soviet,
50.000 orang Slowakia
Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+
Korban
Polandia:
66.000 tewas,
133.700 terluka,
694.000 ditangkap
Jerman:
16.343 tewas,
27.280 terluka,
320 hilang
Uni Soviet:
737 tewas atau hilang,
1.125 terluka
Slowakia:
18 tewas,
46 terluka,
11 hilang

Invasi Polandia tahun 1939 (di Polandia juga disebut "Kampanye September", "Kampania wrześniowa," dan "Perang Defensif 1939," "Wojna obronna 1939 roku"; di Jerman, "Kampanye Polandia," "Polenfeldzug," dinamai "Fall Weiss," "Case White," oleh Jerman, dan kadang-kadang disebut "Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh Jerman Nazi, Uni Soviet, dan kontingen Slowakia yang merupakan sebab khusus Perang Dunia II.

Invasi Polandia menandai dimulainya Perang Dunia II di Eropa. Sekutu Polandia, Britania Raya, Australia, dan Selandia Baru,[4] menyatakan perang kepada Jerman pada tanggal 3 September, yang segera diikuti oleh Perancis, Afrika Selatan, dan Kanada. Invasi Polandia dimulai pada tanggal 1 September 1939, satu minggu setelah penandatanganan Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop, dan invasi ini berakhir pada tanggal 6 Oktober 1939, setelah Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan Perancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangat sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat Perang Phoney).

Dengan terjadinya Insiden Gleiwitz pada tanggal 31 Agustus 1939, pada 1 September, pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari utara, selatan, dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terpencar untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam Pertempuran Bzura, tentara Polandia mulai mundur ke tenggara untuk melindungi przedmoście rumuńskie, tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu bantuan Sekutu.[5]

Pada tanggal 17 September 1939, tentara Merah Soviet menyerang daerah timur Polandia.[6] Soviet mengambil daerah mereka sesuai dengan pembagian pada pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop.[7] Pemerintah Polandia menyadari bahwa mempertahakan Przedmoście rumuńskie sudah tidak berguna dan memerintahkan evakuasi ke Rumania.[8] Pada 1 Oktober, Jerman dan Uni Soviet berhasil menguasai seluruh Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah.

Setelah kampanye militer September, gerakan perlawanan dibentuk. Pasukan Polandia terus terlibat dalam operasi militer Sekutu.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ a b c Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93
  2. ^ a b c d Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The 1939 Campaign Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2005
  3. ^ E.R Hooton, p85
  4. ^ History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand (2005). "Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War". New Zealand's History online (dalam bahasa English). Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-15. 
  5. ^ Baliszewski, Most honoru
  6. ^ Fischer 1999–2000
  7. ^ Cienciala, Anna M. (2004). "The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II". University of Kansas. Diakses tanggal 2006-03-15. 
  8. ^ (Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24)

Referensi

Pranala luar