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|name = Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius
|name = Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius
|image = Boethius initial consolation philosophy.jpg
|image = Boethius initial consolation philosophy.jpg
|caption = Boethius teaching his students<br />([[initial]] in a 1385 Italian manuscript of the ''Consolation of Philosophy''.)
|caption = Boethius mengajar murid-muridnya<br />([[:en:initial|''initial'']] dalam naskah bahasa Italia ''Consolation of Philosophy'' tahun 1385.)
|region = Northern Italy
|region = Northern Italy
|era = [[Late Antiquity]]
|era = [[:en:Late Antiquity|Zaman Purba Akhir]]
|birth_date = AD 480
|birth_date = 480 M
|birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Odoacer#King of Italy|Kingdom of Odoacer]]
|birth_place = [[Roma]], [[:en:Odoacer#King of Italy|Kerajaan Odoacer]]
|death_date = AD 524 (age about 44)
|death_date = 524 M (usia sekitar 44)
|death_place = [[Pavia]], [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]]
|death_place = [[Pavia]], [[:en:Ostrogothic Kingdom|Kerajaan Ostrogothik]]
|school_tradition = [[Neoplatonism]]
|school_tradition = [[Neoplatonisme]]
|notable_works = [[The Consolation of Philosophy]]
|notable_works = [[:en:The Consolation of Philosophy|The Consolation of Philosophy]]
|main_interests = [[:en:problem of universals|persoalan universal]], [[teologi]], [[musik]]

|influences = [[Plato]], [[Aristoteles]], [[Cicero]], [[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]], [[Plotinus]], [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]], [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]], [[Proclus]]
|main_interests = [[problem of universals]], [[theology]], [[music]]
|influences = [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Cicero]], [[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]], [[Plotinus]], [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]], [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]], [[Proclus]]
|influenced = Semua [[Medieval philosophy]] (terutama [[Johannes Scotus Eriugena]], [[Peter Abelard]], [[Albertus Magnus|Saint Albert the Great]], [[Thomas Aquinas|Saint Thomas Aquinas]], [[Dante Alighieri]])
|influenced = All [[Medieval philosophy]] (notably [[Johannes Scotus Eriugena]], [[Peter Abelard]], [[Albertus Magnus|Saint Albert the Great]], [[Thomas Aquinas|Saint Thomas Aquinas]], [[Dante Alighieri]])
|notable_ideas = [[Rota Fortunae|The Wheel of Fortune]]
|notable_ideas = [[Rota Fortunae|The Wheel of Fortune]]
}}
}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|name=Saint Severinus Boethius
|name=Saint Severinus Boethius
|feast_day=23 October
|feast_day=23 Oktober
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Church]], [[Orthodox Church]]
|venerated_in=[[Gereja Katolik Roma]], [[Gereja Ortodoks]]
|birth_place=[[Rome]], [[Kingdom of Odoacer]]
<!--|birth_place=[[Roma]], [[:en:Kingdom of Odoacer|Kerajaan Odoacer]]
|death_place=[[Pavia]], [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]]
|death_place=[[Pavia]], [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]]-->
|influenced=[[Thomas Aquinas]]
|influenced=[[Thomas Aquinas]]
|influences=[[Augustine of Hippo]]
|influences=[[Augustine of Hippo]]
|major_shrine=[[San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro]], [[Pavia]], Italy
|major_shrine=[[San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro]], [[Pavia]], Italia
}}
}}
[[Berkas:Boethius initial consolation philosophy.jpg|300px|thumb|Boethius]]
[[Berkas:Boethius initial consolation philosophy.jpg|300px|thumb|Boethius]]
'''Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius''' adalah seorang [[filsuf]] [[Romawi]].<ref name="Audi">{{en}} Scott MacDonald. 1999. "Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus". In ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Robert Audi, ed. 878-879. London: Cambridge University Press.</ref> Ia lahir di kota [[Roma]] sekitar tahun 480.<ref name="Audi"/> Boethius pernah menjabat sebagai seorang pejabat tinggi di bawah pemerintahan [[Kaisar]] [[Theodorik]].<ref name="Weij"/> Ia dituduh sebagai pengkhianat lalu dibuang ke tempat pengasingan.<ref name="Weij">{{id}} P.A. van der Weij. 2000. ''Filsuf-Filsuf Besar tentang Manusia''. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Hal. 71-76.</ref> Akhirnya, Boethius dihukum mati pada tahun 525.<ref name="Audi"/><ref name="Weij"/>
'''Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius''' adalah seorang [[filsuf]] [[Romawi]].<ref name="Audi">{{en}} Scott MacDonald. 1999. "Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus". In ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Robert Audi, ed. 878-879. London: Cambridge University Press.</ref> Ia lahir di kota [[Roma]] sekitar tahun 480.<ref name="Audi"/> Boethius pernah menjabat sebagai seorang pejabat tinggi di bawah pemerintahan [[Kaisar]] [[Theodoric]].<ref name="Weij"/> Ia dituduh sebagai pengkhianat lalu dibuang ke tempat pengasingan.<ref name="Weij">{{id}} P.A. van der Weij. 2000. ''Filsuf-Filsuf Besar tentang Manusia''. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Hal. 71-76.</ref> Akhirnya, Boethius dihukum mati pada tahun 525.<ref name="Audi"/><ref name="Weij"/>


Pemikiran Boethius memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap [[filsafat]] pada akhir era [[Filsafat Klasik]] dan juga awal masa [[Abad Pertengahan]].<ref name="Audi"/> Selain itu, terjemahan dan komentar Boethius terhadap karya-karya Aristotels juga amat memengaruhi seluruh sejarah filsafat setelahnya.<ref name="Audi"/> Karya Boethius yang paling terkenal berjudul "Tentang Penghiburan dari Filsafat" yang ditulis sewaktu ia dalam pembuangan.<ref name="Weij"/> Isi karya tersebut adalah refleksi terhadap hakikat kebahagiaan manusia, serta mengenai masalah kejahatan.<ref name="Audi"/> Selain itu, karya itu juga mendiskusikan tema-tema seperti takdir, kesempatan, kehendak bebas manusia, dan sebagainya.<ref name="Audi"/>
Pemikiran Boethius memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap [[filsafat]] pada akhir era [[Filsafat Klasik]] dan juga awal masa [[Abad Pertengahan]].<ref name="Audi"/> Selain itu, terjemahan dan komentar Boethius terhadap karya-karya Aristotels juga amat memengaruhi seluruh sejarah filsafat setelahnya.<ref name="Audi"/> Karya Boethius yang paling terkenal berjudul "Tentang Penghiburan dari Filsafat" yang ditulis sewaktu ia dalam pembuangan.<ref name="Weij"/> Isi karya tersebut adalah refleksi terhadap hakikat kebahagiaan manusia, serta mengenai masalah kejahatan.<ref name="Audi"/> Selain itu, karya itu juga mendiskusikan tema-tema seperti takdir, kesempatan, kehendak bebas manusia, dan sebagainya.<ref name="Audi"/>
Baris 117: Baris 116:


An 1872 German translation of "De Musica" was the magnum opus of [[Oscar Paul]].<ref>[http://imslp.org/wiki/5_B%C3%BCcher_%C3%BCber_die_Musik_(Bo%C3%ABthius,_Anicius_Manlius_Severinus) 5 Bücher über die Musik (Boëthius, Anicius Manlius Severinus)]</ref>
An 1872 German translation of "De Musica" was the magnum opus of [[Oscar Paul]].<ref>[http://imslp.org/wiki/5_B%C3%BCcher_%C3%BCber_die_Musik_(Bo%C3%ABthius,_Anicius_Manlius_Severinus) 5 Bücher über die Musik (Boëthius, Anicius Manlius Severinus)]</ref>
-->

===''Opuscula sacra''===
===''Opuscula sacra''===
Boethius also wrote Christian theological treatises, which supported [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] and condemned [[Arianism]] and other [[heresy|heterodox]] forms of Christianity.<ref name="mult" />
Boethius menulis makalah teologi [[Kristen]], yang mendukung [[Gereja Katolik|Katolikisme]] dan menentang [[Arianisme]] maupun bentuk-bentuk [[:en:heresy|heterodoks]] lain dari kekristenan.<ref name="mult" />


Five theological works are known:<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p15" />
Lima karya teologi yang dikenal:<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p15" />
* ''De Trinitate'' – "The Trinity", where he defends the Council of Chalcedon Trinitarian position, that God is in three persons who have no differences in nature. He argues against the Arian view of the nature of God, which put him at odds with the faith of Arian King of Italy.
* ''De Trinitate'' – "[[Trinitas]]"<!--, where he defends the Council of Chalcedon Trinitarian position, that God is in three persons who have no differences in nature. He argues against the Arian view of the nature of God, which put him at odds with the faith of Arian King of Italy.-->
* ''Utrum Pater et filius et Spiritus Sanctus de divinitale substantialiter praedicentur'' – "Whether Father, Son and Holy Spirit are Substantially Predicated of the Divinity," A short work where he uses reason and Aristotelian epistemology to argue that the Catholic faiths' views of the nature of God are correct.<ref name="EmeryFriedman2011">{{citation|author1=Kent Emery|author2=Russell Friedman|author3=Andreas Speer|title=Philosophy and Theology in the Long Middle Ages: A Tribute to Stephen F. Brown|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uOuU6wPm6I0C&pg=PA95|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=5 March 2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16942-5|pages=95–}}</ref>
* ''Utrum Pater et filius et Spiritus Sanctus de divinitale substantialiter praedicentur'' – "Apakah Bapa, Putra, dan Roh Kudus secara substansial dipredikasi Ilahi"<!-- A short work where he uses reason and Aristotelian epistemology to argue that the Catholic faiths' views of the nature of God are correct.--><ref name="EmeryFriedman2011">{{citation|author1=Kent Emery|author2=Russell Friedman|author3=Andreas Speer|title=Philosophy and Theology in the Long Middle Ages: A Tribute to Stephen F. Brown|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uOuU6wPm6I0C&pg=PA95|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=5 March 2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16942-5|pages=95–}}</ref>
* ''Quomodo substantiae''
* ''Quomodo substantiae''
* ''De fide catholica'' - On the Catholic Faith
* ''De fide catholica'' - mengenai iman Katolik
* ''Contra Eutychen et Nestorium'' – "Against Eutyches and Nestorius," from around 513, which dates it as the earliest of his theological works. Eutyches and Nestorius were contemporaries from the early to mid 5th century who held divergent Christological theologies, Boethius argues for a middle ground in conformity with Roman Catholic faith.
* ''Contra Eutychen et Nestorium'' – "Melawan Eutyches dan Nestorius," dari sekitar tahun 513<!--, which dates it as the earliest of his theological works. Eutyches and Nestorius were contemporaries from the early to mid 5th century who held divergent Christological theologies, Boethius argues for a middle ground in conformity with Roman Catholic faith.


His theological works played an important part during the [[Middle Ages]] on philosophical thought, including the fields of [[logic]], [[ontology]], and [[metaphysics]].<ref name="Bradshaw2009">{{cite journal|last1=Bradshaw|first1=David|title=The Opuscula sacra: Boethius and theology|year=2009|pages=105–128|doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521872669.006}}</ref>
His theological works played an important part during the [[Middle Ages]] on philosophical thought, including the fields of [[logic]], [[ontology]], and [[metaphysics]].<ref name="Bradshaw2009">{{cite journal|last1=Bradshaw|first1=David|title=The Opuscula sacra: Boethius and theology|year=2009|pages=105–128|doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521872669.006}}</ref>
Baris 144: Baris 143:
== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p1">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA1|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=1–}}</ref>
<!--<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p1">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA1|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=1–}}</ref>
<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p4">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA4|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=4–}}</ref>
<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p4">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA4|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=4–}}</ref>
<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p14">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA14|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=14–}}</ref>
<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p14">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA14|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=14–}}</ref>-->
<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p15">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA15|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=15–}}</ref>
<ref name="KaylorPhillips2012 p15">{{citation|author1=Noel Harold Kaylor|author2=Philip Edward Phillips|title=A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B_secKlFKB0C&pg=PA15|accessdate=19 January 2013|date=3 May 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18354-4|pages=15–}}</ref>
}}
}}

Revisi per 28 Oktober 2015 22.09

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius
Boethius mengajar murid-muridnya
(initial dalam naskah bahasa Italia Consolation of Philosophy tahun 1385.)
Lahir480 M
Roma, Kerajaan Odoacer
Meninggal524 M (usia sekitar 44)
Pavia, Kerajaan Ostrogothik
Karya terkenalThe Consolation of Philosophy
EraZaman Purba Akhir
KawasanNorthern Italy
AliranNeoplatonisme
Minat utama
persoalan universal, teologi, musik
Gagasan penting
The Wheel of Fortune
Saint Severinus Boethius
Dihormati diGereja Katolik Roma, Gereja Ortodoks
Tempat ziarahSan Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, Pavia, Italia
Pesta23 Oktober
MemengaruhiAugustine of Hippo
DipengaruhiThomas Aquinas
Boethius

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius adalah seorang filsuf Romawi.[1] Ia lahir di kota Roma sekitar tahun 480.[1] Boethius pernah menjabat sebagai seorang pejabat tinggi di bawah pemerintahan Kaisar Theodoric.[2] Ia dituduh sebagai pengkhianat lalu dibuang ke tempat pengasingan.[2] Akhirnya, Boethius dihukum mati pada tahun 525.[1][2]

Pemikiran Boethius memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap filsafat pada akhir era Filsafat Klasik dan juga awal masa Abad Pertengahan.[1] Selain itu, terjemahan dan komentar Boethius terhadap karya-karya Aristotels juga amat memengaruhi seluruh sejarah filsafat setelahnya.[1] Karya Boethius yang paling terkenal berjudul "Tentang Penghiburan dari Filsafat" yang ditulis sewaktu ia dalam pembuangan.[2] Isi karya tersebut adalah refleksi terhadap hakikat kebahagiaan manusia, serta mengenai masalah kejahatan.[1] Selain itu, karya itu juga mendiskusikan tema-tema seperti takdir, kesempatan, kehendak bebas manusia, dan sebagainya.[1]

Makam Boethius in San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, Pavia.

Karya

Bidang matematika
  • De arithmetica (On Arithmetic, c. 500–506) adapted translation of the Introductionis Arithmeticae by Nicomachus of Gerasa (c. 160 – c. 220).
  • De musica (On Music, probably composed after the De arithmetica), based on a lost work by Nicomachus of Gerasa and on Ptolemy’s Harmonica.
  • Possibly a treatise on geometry, extant only in fragments[3]
Bidang logika
A) Terjemahan
B) Komentari
  • In Isagogen Porphyrii commenta (two commentaries, the first based on a translation by Marius Victorinus, (c. 504–509); the second based on Boethius’ own translation (after 510).
  • In Categorias Aristotelis (c. 510)
  • In librum Aristotelis de interpretatione Commentaria minora (c. 513–16)
  • In librum Aristotelis de interpretatione Commentaria majora (c. 513–16)
  • Scholia in Aristotelis Analytica Priora (translations from other Greek Commentators) (c. 520–23)
  • Commentaria in Topica Ciceronis (incomplete: the end the sixth book and the seventh are missing)
Makalah asli
  • De divisione (515–520?)
  • De syllogismo cathegorico (505–506)
  • Introductio ad syllogismos cathegoricos (c. 523)
  • De hypotheticis syllogismis
  • De topicis differentiis (c. 522–23)
  • Opuscola Sacra (theological Treatises)
    • De Trinitate (c. 520–21)
    • Utrum Pater et Filius et Spiritus Sanctus de divinitate substantialiter praedicentur (Whether Father and Son and Holy Spirit are Substantially Predicated of the Divinity)
    • Quomodo substantiae in eo quod sint bonae sint cum non sint substantialia bona (How Substances are Good in that they Exist, when They are not Substantially Good)
    • De fide Catholica
    • Contra Eutychen et Nestorium (Against Eutyches and Nestorius)
  • De consolatione Philosophiae (523–24).
Lady Philosophy dan Boethius dari Consolation, (Ghent, 1485)

Opuscula sacra

Boethius menulis makalah teologi Kristen, yang mendukung Katolikisme dan menentang Arianisme maupun bentuk-bentuk heterodoks lain dari kekristenan.[4]

Lima karya teologi yang dikenal:[5]

  • De Trinitate – "Trinitas"
  • Utrum Pater et filius et Spiritus Sanctus de divinitale substantialiter praedicentur – "Apakah Bapa, Putra, dan Roh Kudus secara substansial dipredikasi Ilahi"[6]
  • Quomodo substantiae
  • De fide catholica - mengenai iman Katolik
  • Contra Eutychen et Nestorium – "Melawan Eutyches dan Nestorius," dari sekitar tahun 513

Penghormatan

Makam Boethius di San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, Pavia.

Boethius diakui sebagai martir bagi iman Katolik oleh Roman Martyrology. Upacaranya diadakan di Pavia dan di gereja 'Church of Santa Maria' di Portico di Roma. Hari peringatannya adalah 23 Oktober.[7] Ia dinyatakan sebagai santo oleh Sacred Congregation of Rites pada tahun 1883, dan Paus Benedict XVI menjelaskan relevansi Boethius terhadap pengajaran Kristen modern dengan menghubungkan ajarannya dengan pemahaman kehendak Ilahi (Providence).[8][9]

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d e f g (Inggris) Scott MacDonald. 1999. "Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus". In The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Robert Audi, ed. 878-879. London: Cambridge University Press.
  2. ^ a b c d (Indonesia) P.A. van der Weij. 2000. Filsuf-Filsuf Besar tentang Manusia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Hal. 71-76.
  3. ^ Folkerts, Menso, ed. (1970). Boethius’ Geometrie II. Ein mathematisches Lehrbuch des Mittelalters. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner. 
  4. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama mult
  5. ^ Noel Harold Kaylor; Philip Edward Phillips (3 May 2012), A Companion to Boethius in the Middle Ages, BRILL, hlm. 15–, ISBN 978-90-04-18354-4, diakses tanggal 19 January 2013 
  6. ^ Kent Emery; Russell Friedman; Andreas Speer (5 March 2011), Philosophy and Theology in the Long Middle Ages: A Tribute to Stephen F. Brown, BRILL, hlm. 95–, ISBN 978-90-04-16942-5, diakses tanggal 19 January 2013 
  7. ^ Roman Martyrology
  8. ^ General Audience of Pope Benedict XVI, 12 March 2008
  9. ^ Benedictine Monks of St. Augustine's Abbey, The Book of Saints, 6th ed., 1989, p. 507

Referensi

Karya yang tersedia online

Bibliografi

  • Attwater, Donald; Catherine Rachel John (1995). The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-051312-4. OCLC 34361179. 
  • Baird, Forrest E.; Walter Kaufmann (2008). From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-158591-6. 
  • Chadwick, Henry (1981). Boethius, the Consolations of Music, Logic, Theology, and Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-826549-2. OCLC 8533668. 
  • Colish, Marcia L. (2002). Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 400-1400. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07852-8. OCLC 185694056. 
  • Magee, John (1989). Boethius on Signification and Mind. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9-0040-9096-7. 
  • Marenbon, John (2004). Boethius. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513407-9. OCLC 186379876. 
  • Marenbon, John (2009). The Cambridge Companion to Boethius. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52-187266-9. 
  • Suto, Taki (2011). Boethius on Mind, Grammar and Logic. A Study of Boethius' Commentaries on Peri Hermeneias. Cambridge: Brill. ISBN 978-9004214187. 
  • Westfall, Joseph (2008). "Boethius: Kierkegaard and The Consolation". Dalam Stewart, Jon. Kierkegaard and the Patristic and Medieval Traditions. Ashgate. hlm. 207–222. ISBN 9780754663911. 

Pustaka tambahan

Diskografi

Pranala luar

Karya

Mengenai hidup dan karya Boethius

Mengenai logika dan filsafat Boethius